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In Nyaya Sidhdhant Muktavati atom has been defined as TTT: CTHEEA qua:; fad freuat cafeat faren i.e. atom is smallest, original, indivisible, immortal particle. It is spherical and measura
ble.
There are four fundamental elements i. e. earth, water, light (Agni) and air. Akasa is not an element. Gunas reside in Parmanus they are absent in Akasa, TA3 7 fauca (UIC T 7818)
Atoms are continuously in motion as is clear from the following statement of Raghunath Siromani : gara gfaxgERIT af faa Tarifa TTT: This motion may be circular, pendulum like or zigzag. in straight lines. Original Vaisesika Sutra's do not make clear destiaction between Anu and Paramanu. Formation of bimolecular, trimolecular, tetramolecular, homo and hetero aggregates, has been explained in details. Visesikas have considered motion and action also in details. Kiranavali of Udayan deals with this aspect at length. Chemical action or changes are possible only in Prithivi atoms (71,7/ 116 Pilu paka vada and Pithara Paka vada worth attention.) It is suprising in deed that Kinetics and Mechanism of atomic combinations have been considered in Nava Ksana नवक्षणा प्रक्रिया एवम् (Five Ksana Prakriya) TATT OUT! Vaisesika Philosophy is supposed to have been established in general 6CO E, C. While Nyaya system of Goutam was founded during about 500 B. C.
(Kapil-Patanjali System)
Samkhya System believes in existance of five Major fundamental elements (17 perja), Kapil was a very deep thinker with sharp intellect and pointed developed intiution. He is taken as an Avatar Krishna says in Geeta : ferma #f977 ofa:
Thus Kapil holds very high esteem amongst Indians. He has considered even the origin of atoms. Atoms are produced from taomatras; Infra-atomic particles. Tanmatras originate from still subtler Bhutadi-Bhutadi has its origin in Ahamkar through Mahat which is produced due to interaction of Prakrati and Purusa during disturbances, in the state of equilibrium of three fundamental Gunas i. e. Fre, T and Th, sentient, mutative and static principles.
Without going into details, it may be pointed out that while Vaisesika, Jaina, Bouddha, Greek etc. all classical systems have thought of only atoms, Sankhya has peeped deepest and via Tanmatra
afe- T-ga ata qe it has tried to consider ultimate origin of universe. While even modern natural sciences Chemistry, Physics etc.
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