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TATTVĀRTHA SŪTRA : STOPPAGE AND SEPARATION : 149
• Vācanăpracchanānupreksāmnāyadharmopadeśāḥ || 25 • Bāhyābhyantaropadhyoh || 26 || The five types of right studies are - to learn from a teacher, to
question for clarification of doubts, to ponder over the learnt lessons, to revise the lessons, and to preach the faith. Two types of renunciations are – to renounce the external and the internal encumbrances. (25–26)
Meditation - • Uttamasamihananasyaikāgracintanirodho dhyānami || • A muhurtāt || 28 || Dhyāna is fixing of attention of a person, with superior body
structure (strong enough to sustain the intense mental activity), on only one subject. It lasts for a period of one muhurta (48 minutes) at a time. (27–28)
• Artaraudradharmaśuklāni || 29 || • Pare mokshetū || 30 || The four types of meditations are - Ārtadhyāna or despondent
concentration, Raudradhyāna or angered thoughts, Dharmadhyāna or pious meditation and Sukladhyāna or meditation of the pure form of the soul. The last two result in spiritual emancipation. (29–30)
Despondent Concentration - • Artamamanojñānāni samprayoge tadviprayogāya
smrtisamanvāhārah || 31 || - Four types of Ārtadhyāna or despondent thoughs are as follows - 1. To continuously worry and despair about freedom from an
unpleasant thing or experience is the first,
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