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NOTES.
Note 1.-The following note of Jacobi seems to be conclusive of the theory that Jainism was not an offshoot of Buddhism :
"Notwithstanding the radical difference in their philosophical notions, Jainism and Buddhism, being originally both orders of monks outside the pale of Brahmanism, present some resemblance in outward appearance, so that even Indian writers> occasionally, have confounded them. It is, therefore, not to be wondered at that some European scholars who became acquainted with Jainism through inadequate samples of Jain literature easily persuaded themselves that it was an offshoot of Buddhism. But it has since been proved beyond doubt that their theory is wrong and that Jainism is at least as old as Buddhism."
Hastings, Cyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, p. 465.
Note 2.-The Jains give an altogether different version of Appar's life thus:
"Appar was a Jain ascetic in his youth, a staunch Saiva in his middle age, and a repented follower of Jainism in his old age. On account of his reconversion to Jainism he was murdered by his Saivite followers lest he should undo what all he had done to glorify Saivism. His secret murder was concealed by popularising a mysterious story that he was devoured by a tiger which was only a manifestation of Siva." Certain Tamil hymns in praise of Jina or Arhat are attributed to Appar and are most popularly sung by the Jains even to-day. The hymns resemble the Tēvāram in many ways. Perhaps they were sung by Appar during the latter period of his life.
