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116 ANDHEA KARNATA: JAINISM.
The adoption of a falsi creed by Vishnugopa and the support of the true faith by his son' seem co refer to Jaina. vs. Brahmanic conflicts ; fur the early Gangas were Jainas. From SK 176 (Ep. Car. VII) we learn that Mādhava's fame was, very widespread on account of his renewal of Brahmanic endowment long since destroyed. Here we have evidences of the fact that Brahmanism was asserting itself in the Gangavadi country about 4th century A.D. against Jainism with whose help the kingdom was founded.' Matters have not been satisfactorily cleared up as one would wish them to be by this brief excursus into the prehistoric antiquitics of the Eastern Gangas of Kalinga, but I hope enough has been said to indicate a southern origin, of• the civilisation and culture which the Gan: gas had brought with them into the Kalinga kingdom. Like their conspeers the Chalukyas of Badami and Vengi, these rulers were patrons of poets and scholars and under their patronage and influence panegyrical poetry and most probably Kavya poetry were cultivated in the Kalinga mandala in Sanskrit and Andhram. Of the latter type ng traces have as yet been discovered. . These literary developments in Kalinga ran on almost similar lines to that in Vengi about the time when the Mahābhārata had just been rendered into Telugu. Of panegyrical writing from the
! It would thus seem that there were two distinct Ganga lines in Kalinga, the earlier one
started by Kalinga Ganga about 162 A.D. and the later one by Kamarnava.
