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CONCEPT OF SUBSTANCE QUALITY....: 71
quality or qualities reside permanently in substance because of the qualifying word permanently understood.
Akalanka also gives the same view when he says, 'nityam dravyāśritvam ye vartante te guņā iti." Vidyananda also follows Pujyapāda and Akalanka. Definition of guna, as found in Uttaradhyayana and Tattvārthādhigama and as interpreted by different Acāryas confirms that gunas inhere or exist permanently in the substance and they do not possess other qualities. Paryayas on the other hand, inhere in dravya but they do not exist there permanently because of being subject to origination and decay. This is the fundamental difference between guna and paryaya i.e. these are respectively essential and accidental characters or potentiality and actuality in substance.
The dravya may significantly be said to possess different gunas at different times, while itself persisting through time as an indefinite subject with a whole series of different gunas inhering in it.
The Nyaya school, however, maintains that substances, just at the moment of their creation, are devoid of qualities which come to be intimately related with them later by relation of inherence (samavāya)22
According to Ac. Kundakunda the condition, in fact, forming the nature of dravya is guna. It is non-different from its initial existence. To him the condition which, in fact, forms the nature of dravya, the existing entity established in its nature is dravya. It means that the nature (svabhāva) stands for transformation (pariņāma) and the nature which is thus of the form of transformation (pariņāma) is guna which in its turn, is non-different from sat, (substance) dravya.
Division of Quality
Divided into two, i.e. general (sāmānya- ten in numbers23) and particular (viseṣa-sixteen in numbers24), the guṇas, found in all substances are general in nature. These guṇas help in proving substanceness of substance (dravyatva of dravya). The particular guņas help in proving specificness of substance. For example,
