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84: Śramana, Vol 64, No. 2, April-June 2013 new ornament made is origination (utpāda ) and yet all the while presence of gold through change is its persistence (dharuvyatā).
Ac. Hemacandra uses the term paryāya in the sense of all the properties like qualities, actions, etc. of the substance. Dravya or substance possesses qualities (guna) and modes (paryāya). Thus, it is apparently clear that each dravya, undergoing changes into different forms in accordance with the cause as result of its own changing nature, attains various transformations. The capacity of causing transformation (pariņāma) or change in a substance is called quality and the transformation due to guņa is known to be mode. Division of Mode Mode is generally divided into two types viz. (1) indistinct or nonspatial mode (artha-paryāya ) and (2) distinct or spatial mode (vyañjana-paryāya). Artha denotes effect (or object) and vyañjana is that which becomes manifest. The continuous flow of the real runs parallel to the continuous flow of the duration of time. This intrinsic change of substance is called arthaparyāya. Intrinsic mode of substance occurring for one moment (ekasamayavartī arthaparyāya) takes place in all the six fundamental substances due to the general changing state of substance. Its origination and destruction occur on account of the change that all substance undergo. Vyañjanaparyāya is gross, lasting, expressible in words and capable of articulation. That is why its area is limited to perceptible substance, viz. matter (pudgala). A physical object may have a particular mode- say table for certain duration of time. This state of table is vyañjana-paryāya of matter. Similarly, a mundane soul's existence as a particular form of life, say a horse, is its vyañjana-paryāya.
Arthaparyāya on the other hand is subtle, fleeting, evanescent and ephemeral. It continues without any external influence. It lasts only for one moment (samaya) and therefore cannot be expressed in words. But it is found in all substances- whether perceptible or not and whether gross or subtle. Thus molecular disintegration and aggregation that occur every moment in a physical object is an intrinsic mode. Similarly, the continuous change that takes place in consciousness of a soul is its indistinct mode (artha-paryāya).
