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56: Śramana, Vol 62, No. 2 April-June 2011
formed on the basis of quintessence of Hindu religion." The process in modern Indian legal history of narrowing the semantic range of the modern term 'Jaina law' from 'Jaina scriptures' down to 'Jaina personal law' and finally 'Jaina custom' may thus culminate not only in the official obliteration of Jaina legal culture, which continues to thrive outside the formal legal system23 in monastic law, ethics and custom, but also of Jaina 'religion'.
References
1. This article was first published in Jaina Studies - Newsletter of the Centre of Jaina Studies 2 (2007) 24-27. It is reprinted here with minor additions and full bibliographical references.
2. All original Prakrit terms have been Sanskritized in this text.
3. Schubring, in Schubring & Caillat 1966: 87.
4. "[All] proceedings (Vavahāra) are determined by superior knowledge (agama), tradition (suya), an order, a rule (dhāraṇā) or an accepted practice (jiya), the following criterion always coming into force in default of the proceeding one" (Viyahapannatti. 383a, rendered by Deleu 1970: 152).
5. The canonical term sāmācārī and the post-canonical term maryādā are both currently in use. On the Jaina maryādā literature see Flugel 2003.
6. Schubring, in Schubring & Caillat 1966: 87.
7. Williams 1963: xi. Chapters VI-VIII of Somadeva's Yasastilaka, for instance, on samyaktva and lay ethics is styled Upāsakādhyayana (Handiqui 1949/1968: 246).
8. Hertel 1922: 5.
9. Glasenapp 1925/1999:111f./131f., 325-30/360-65; Williams 1963: xi.
10. See Handiqui 1949: 98ff. on the YC as an "illustrative commentary on some of the topics dealt with in the formal treatises on the nītiśāstra including Somadeva's own Nītivākyāmṛtam."
11. See Botto's 1961 comparison of the Nitivākyāmṛtam and the Arthaśāstra. I am grateful to Maria Schetelich for pointing me to Botto's work.
12. J. L. Jaini 1916: 9 received a manuscript of this text from Pandit Fateh Chand of Delhi.
