Pushkarmuni Abhinandan Granth

Author(s): Devendramuni, A D Batra, Shreechand Surana
Publisher: Rajasthankesari Adhyatmayogi Upadhyay Shree Pushkar Muni Abhinandan Granth Prakashan Samiti

Page 959

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श्री पुष्करमुनि अभिनन्दन ग्रन्थ : नवम खण्ड
appear to be broken into pieces. But actually nothing happens to the moon in the sky. Due to the relation of water with the moon, what is happening only to water and not to the moon, gets superimposed on the reflected moon. Similarly the puruşa, although it is ever free and outside the happenings in the chitta, gets affected by the vṛttis of the chitta, and starts assuming itself to be happy, sorrowful, successful, and so on. This is called 'aviveka', and it is one of the primary objectives of Yoga sädhana to overcome this aviveka. That is achieved through making the chitta completely free of avidya and the other klešas. Then it shows the real nature of the puruşa, just as an undistorting mirror shows the image of a person perfectly as the person actually is. This puts an end to aviveka, and gives rise to what is called 'puruşakhy áti' or 'vivekakhyati'. That is the highest state of experience for the chitta, which precedes 'kaivalya', or liberation, which is the ultimate aim of Yoga.
Yoga and Vairagya
Vairagya is the beginning of Yoga. And a higher form of it, called 'parāvairagya' marks the culmination of Yoga, because, when that is achieved the ultimate goal of Yoga is sure to be reached. Vairagya is the one single factor which determines to the greatest extent the success of Yoga. Hence it is spoken of very highly in Yoga literature. Patanjali, who defines Yoga in terms of cessation of vṛttis, has declared that vairagya and abhyaşa are the two means to that end. The same thing is said also by Lord Krishna in the Gită.
Răga means the desire to have something or to be something. It is looked as a klesa, or affliction of the mind. It does play a great role in the life of every one of us. It is primarily the dual process of raga and dveṣa that continually keeps all of us bound to the samsära and the various activities in life. The absence of this process is what is called vairagya. It is a state of silence marked by a complete absence of craving for getting any object or reaching any state. It consists of a sort of 'turning in'. As described in the Kathopanisad (II. i. 1.), "our senses have an inherent tendency to be attracted towards the objects of enjoyment. The wise man, who wants to reach immortality has to turn his eyes inward and look to his inner self." Such a person is described there as "avṛttachakṣuḥ". This is vairagya. It means absence of greed.. Sankaracharya, in his commentary on the Kena upaniṣad (I. 1.) has pointed out that "he alone, whose mind is filled completely with vairagya, is a fit person for taking a course to mukti." At another place (Vivekacooḍamani 78), he has clearly said that "even a person wellversed with the six sastras can become fit for attaining mukti only when he is a man of vairagya." We learn from the Bhagavadgita (XV. 3-4.) that first the tree of ignorance should be brought down with the instrument of "vairagya" and then one can proceed to reach that highest plane from where there is no return to this saṁsāra.
Vairagya may be called detachment from cravings and retirement from the process of desire. Thus it is a sort of liberation or emancipation itself. Many of us have an experience of it, especially when we are grief-striken, or when there is a terrible shock of disappointment. While attending a funeral, all of us seem to be convinced of the utter futility and insignificance of life, of achievements, small and big, and of the whole process of desire. This is called 'śmaśāna-vairāgya', because it lasts only so far as one is in the crematory. After getting caught up in the stream of events of daily life again, we forget those thoughts. The effect of this vairagya is very short-lived. So this kind of vairagya is not of much use. Vairagya in Yoga is a product of right thinking, and of understanding the true nature of the self and the world. Patanjali speaks about two forms of vairagya. The lower one, so to say, is called *vasikara-vairagya'. It is the vitṛṣṇa or absence of desire in relation to two categories of objects of enjoyment, namely the 'drsta' and 'ānusravika' objects. In the first category, objects which we can actually experience, such as, house, clothes, riches, money, sex, recognition, felicitation, and so on, are included. The second category comprises those objects which are only heard of, but never actually experienced, like svarga, apsarās, amrita, etc. When the desire for enjoyment