________________ xliv it presupposes them. The 13 Siva-sutras of the Jainendra longer recension (JS) are not identical with Candra's though the former took over the sutra 5 - hayavaralan - from the latter. The two changes effected by JS are that (1) his sutra 2 runs as rk, rather than Panini's and Candra's rlk, following a covert suggestion from Katyayana 28 for omitting !, and (2) he inserts the Anusvara, the Visarjaniya, the Jihvamuliya and the Upadhmaniya into the Sivasutras with the result that his sutra 12 runs assasasaamah-kaupar. Like Candra and Jainendra (JS), sakatayana too has 13 Siva-sutras, out of which the second and the twelfth one have been borrowed from JS. Apart from rearranging some Siva-sutras, there is only one improvement in Sakatayan as compared with Panini, Candra, and Jainendra (JS), that instead of employing the Anubandha n twice, it has been changed to n in sutra. 5, thus removing the ambiguity regarding the interpretation of the Paninian Pratyahara an. And, consequently to avoid the use of the Anubandha n twice, he has combined the two Sivasutras Jhabhan and ghadhadhas into one as jhabhaghadhadhas 29. Buddhisagara has taken note of these improvements and, while retaining the Paninian Siva-sutra 2, he has adopted the 5th and the 12th of JS, without any change in the order of the Paninian sutrason the one hand, and also combined the Paninian sutras 7 and 8 into one, following Sakatayana. Thus, the improvements in the Siva-sutras of Buddhisagara reflects his indebtedness to Panini, Candra, Jainendra and Sakatayana. 9.2. In contradiction to Panini, and possibly Candra, as also Bhoja, and like Katantra, Jainendra and Sakatayana, Buddhisagara gives no rules on accents. Likewise he omits almost every reference to the language of the Vedas, since as a Jaina author it should be of no concern to him. 9.3. Buddhisagara utilizes the following Pratyaharas : car (1.1.7.4), jas (1.1.7.4), ec (1.1.7.6), ac (1.1.7.9), an (1.1.8.5), hal (1.1.8.8.1), en (1.1.9.5), may (1.1.11.1), sar (1.1.11.2), cay (1.1.11.2), khay (1.1.11.2), yan (1.1.11.5) nam (1.1.11.10), jhar (1.1.12.5), jhas (1.1.13.5), jhas (1.1.12.8), jhay (1.1.13.5), sal (1.1.14.1), val (3.4.5.1), chav (1.1.15.10), khar (1.1.16.2), and etc. In fact, he has enumerated thirty-six of them right in the autocommentary on 1.1.3, specifying that they are as follows: one with n, viz., an; three with k, viz., ak, ik, uk; one with n, viz., en; four with c, viz., ac, ic, ec, aic; two with n, viz., in, en; four with m, viz., am, yam, nam, nam; two with $, viz., jhas, bhas; five with s, viz., as, has, jhas, jas, bas;, one with V, viz., chav; four with y, viz., may, jhay, khay, cay; four with r, viz., jhar, khar, car, sar; five with 1, viz., al, hal, val, jhal, sal. In contrast, Panini has
