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Lord Mahavira known as kshatriya republics in the Indological literature. Here, on the territory of modern Bihar and the eastern regions of the state of Uttar Pradesh, republics of shakkya; koliya; Lichchavi (vaishali), videha, Bhana, Bali, Malia, Mauriya etc., were situated. It is known that marriages frequently took place between kshatriyas and especially kshatriyas from solar dynasty-and the women from the local peoples. It is also known that towards the middle of the first millennium B.C. (and possibly also earlier) the category of so-called vratya-kshatriyas i.e. kshatriyas by -vow, which means not by birth-existed in the east. Many a scholar assumes that those were the kshatriyas who were the local chiefs and heads of kinships whom the Aryan kshatriyas were compelled to acknowledge as members of their own caste, according to the diplomatic consideration of those times.
The result of the developing caste-class relations and the division into the caste of priests-Brahmins was the formation of caste-structure and further with this, elevation by the Brahmins of prohibitions and limitations to the level of religious dogmas. This divided the people into castes and prohibited transfer from the lower castes into the higher. Hence Brahmanism, invariably attended by caste structure and by the demand of assigning high postion to Brahmins in the society and showing them limitless respect, started spreading in the whole of India. The spiritual domination of the kshatri, the patriarch of the family-kin groups in the past and the independent position of the kshatriya warrior in military-democratic republics, later on, was replaced by their dependence on Brahmins, not only in the religious-cultural matters but also in the affairs of State administration, in the questions of war and peace, in the distribution of surplus products, in a word, on all the aspects of social and productive life.
All around, one of the main demands of the Brahmins was the demand of generous offerings to Gods and liberal gifts to themselves. The offering to Gods were to consist mainly of cattlesometimes thousands of cattle, sheep and goats were driven out for offerings. Horses which were rare animals in India in those days were also driven out for offerings. Huge number of poultry was also chopped off. The whole ritual of worship was made complicated to the extreme by the Brahmins and the role of the sacrifices and the prayer was reduced to obediently repeating after
