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Vardhamâna and the Foundations of Jainism
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samvaccharam sâhiyam mâsam jam na rikkâsi vatthagam bhagavam/ acelao tato câi tam vosirijja vattham anagare// AS: $465.
This narrative is found only in the commentaries and such later works as Hemacandra's TSPC. See Johnson 1962: 40ff.
mae samananam niggâmthanam pamcamahavvaie sapadikkamane acelae dhamme pannatte. SthS: $916.
Devendra (KS: app. I. nn. 7-10) quotes the following in support of these beliefs: "acelatvam" sri Adinatha-Mahâvîra-sadhunam vastram manapramanasahitam jirnaprayam dhavalam ca kalpate. sri Ajitadivimsatitirthan karasadhunam tu pancavarnam. (Kalpa-sutrakalpatata): acelukko dhammo purimassa ya pacchimassa ya jinassa/ majjhimagana jinanam hoi sacelo acelo yall (Kalpasamarthana).
Jacobi 1895:119-129.
acelago ya jo dhammo, jo dhammo samtaruttaro/ desiyo Vaddhamanena Pasena ya mahajasa//ekakajjapavannanam visese kim nu karanam/ limge duvihe mehavi kaham vippaccao na te// Kesim evam buvanam tu Goyamo inamabbavi/ vinnanena samagamma dhammasahanamicchiyam// paccayattham ca logassa nanavihavigappanam/jattattham gahaoattham ca loge limgapaoyanam// aha bhavepainna u, mokkhasabbhuyasahana/nanam ca damsanam ceva carittam ceva nicchae// sahu Goyama! panna te, chinno me samsao imo// UtS: xxiii, 29-34.
For various traditions concerning the origin of the Yapaniyas, see Upadhye 1933; Premi 1956: 56-73; and n. 92 below.
caujjamo ya jo dharnmo, jo imo pamcasikkhio/ desio Vaddhamanena, Pasena ya mahamuni// egaksjjapavannanam, visese kim nu karanam/ dhamme duvihe mehavi, kaham vippaccao na te// tao Kesim buvamatam tu, Goyamo inam abbavi/ panna samikkhae dhammam, tattam tattavinicchayam//... purimanam duvisojjho u, carimanam duranupalao/ kappo majjimaganam tu suvisojjho supalao// sahu Goyama panna te, chinno me samsao imo/... UtS: xxiii, 23-27. For a translation of this section, see Jacobi 1895: 119-129. For further details on the four vows and five vows, see Jacobi 1880; Schubring 1962: $16.
purimapacchimavajja majjhmaga bavisam arahamta bhagavamta caujjamam dhammam pannavimti SthS 829..
idha, maharaja, Niganatha catuvarasamvarasamvuto hoti, katham ca... hoti? idha maharaja, Nigantho sabavârivârito ca hoti, sabbavariyutto ca hoti, sabbavaridhuto ca, sabbavaripum ca. Dighanikaya: 1, 57. The Pali commentaries suggest that the word vâria this passage refers to water and thus explain the catuyama-samvara as restraint from the use of water (by a Nigantha mendicant). See Malalasekera 1938: II, 61. The Buddha is said to have also taught a kind of câtuyama-samvara, in this case involving the four precepts against injury, stealing, lying and unchastity. See Dighanikâya: III, 48. .....câujjâmam dhammam tam jaha: savvao pânâivâyâo veramanam, evam musavayao, adinnadanao savvao bahiddhadanao veramanam. SthS: $329. pamca mahavvayâ panattâ tamana: savvão pânâivâyâo veramanam, savvâo musâvâyâo veramanam, savva adinnâdânâo veramanam, savvao mehunao veramanam, savvao pariggahao eramanam. SthS: $48.
