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Lord Mahavira
37.
38.
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41.
"câturyama... sa eva maithunaviramanatmakah pancavrâtasahitah ..." Quoted from Modi in Pasanahacariu: intro. 47 (from Santyacarya's commentary on the US.). For example, Renou (1953: 115): "Mahavira seems to have developed the ethical aspect of Jainism by introducing a fifth axiom which brought a modification in the import of the fourth ...' Finally, it was he who required his monks to dispense with clothing, setting an example himself, whereas Pârsva's monks were clothed." Jacobi's rather pro-Svetâmbara views on both the câturyâma and the issue of nudity generated a good deal of heated discussion between followers of the two Jaina sects. The Svetâmbara and Digambara positions.in this interesting dispute have been set forth, respectively, by P. C. Nahar 1929, 1930. and K. P. Jain 1930. Modi's ed. (1965) of the Pasanahacariu: intro. 46-53. tao nam samane bhagavam Mahavire... pamcamutthiyam loyam karetta siddhanam namokkaram karei, karetta savam me akaranijjam pavakammam ti kattu samayiam carittam padivajjai. AS: $1013. Jacobi (1884: 198) seems to have gone wrong here by translating Sâmâyika simply as "holy"; failing to understand the technical meaning of the term, he was unable to see its wider implications: See P. S.Jaini 1976a. Modi quotes the following passages from the Digambara text Mulacara: virado savvasavajjam tigutto pihitimdiyo/ jivo samaiyam nama samjamatthanam uttamam// vii, 23. Compare: samaiyammi u kae caujjamam anuttaram dhammam/tivahena phasayamto samaiyasamjao sa khalu// BhS: xxv. 7, 1 (8785). Compare: cauvvihe samjame pannatte tam jaha: manasamjame, vaisamjame, kayasamjame, uvagaranasamjame. SthS: $385.' Anguttaranikaya: III, 384. K. P. Jain quotes SD: vii, 38, 48. See below, ch. VI n. 54. je bhikkhu acele parivusie tassa nam evam bhavai: caemi aham tanaphasam. .. siyaphasam ... teuphasam ... ahiyasaettae ... hiripadicchadanam ca ham no samcaemi ahiyasettae evam se kappai kadibamdhanam dharittae. AS: $433 K. P. Jain 1928: 61ff. Compare: aryikanam agame anujnatam vastram, karanapeksaya bhiksunam hriman ayogyasariravayavo duscarmabhilambamanabijo va parisahasahane va aksmah sa grhnati. Mulacara (Vijayodaya-tika) 427. Premi (1956: 63) is of the opinion that the Mulacara was originally a text of the Yapaniya sect. For example, see Weber (1958: 196): "The severity of the flight from the world appears to have varied. According to the tradition, it must have; increased; originally it entailed neither absolute lack of possessions nor unconditional chastity. It is controversial which of the two forms was introduced at a later time as an absolute commandment. As this supplementary introduction is ascribed to Mahavira, in contrast to the milder commandments of the penultimate tirthankara, it is identical with the formation of the order of monks itself."
43. 44.
46.
47. 48.
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