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INTRODUCTION
in the commentary. There are some instances where the text is missing but the commentary is preserved. Some of these cases are clear from the observations in the footnotes.
Turning to the portion of the Sanskrit commentary in our transcript, the anusvära and parasavarna are indiscriminately used; the conjunct groups with r as the first member show the other consonant as a duplicate rpp, rvv etc.; the three sibilants are often confused; s is often used for kh; y and jare interchanged; the Prakrit and Sanskrit words are freely joined in Samdhi; and Dandas are not placed at their proper positions.
K-This stands for the verses quoted by M. Ramakrishna Kavi in his article on the Lilavati contributed to the Telugu monthly, Bhārati, vol. III, part i, February 1926. In all he has quoted 18) gäthäs which in this edition stand numbered as (when arranged serially ): 65, 66, 67, 174, 175, 198, 243, 323, 487, 489, 567, 779, 868, 975 (only second line) 1018, 1021, 1147. 1264, and 1330. After ignoring those arising out of anusvāra or anunāsika and apparent Sanskrit influence, I have recorded most of the significant readings ( varying from the printed text) of these verses in the Notes at the end. They are based on the Devanagari copy of these verses so kindly sent to me by my friend Dr. V. Raghavan, University of Madras, Madras. It is a matter of regret that Mr. Kavi does not disclose the whereabouts of the MS. from which he has quoted these găthās. The MS. used by him belongs to PJ group, and on account of certain important common readings it is closely allied to P. The normal tendency of these quotations is not to use ja-sruti, which is consistently used in PJ. Still in these quotations, besides the retention of Sanskrit y in words like valaya etc., ya-sruti is seen in the following words: mayana, veya, ājara, cirajālam, Nājajjuna, niya, dijaha, etc. With regard to the use of n or n, these quotations uniformly show n initially (agreeing with p), ņ medially and both nn and nn in the conjunct group. Rare use of ya-śruti and the consistent use of initial n form a strange combination which cannot be easily explained unless the MS. which Mr. Kavi has used is brought to light.
2. EVALUATION OF MSS. AND TEXT-CONSTITUTION
Of the three mss. on :which our edition of the text is based, J is not only the oldest but its readings also are more genuine. It bears a definite date, Sarvat 1265 (-57=1208 A. D.), and it is well preserved. Then comes the MS. P. Though it is not dated, I think, it is later in age
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