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114
Jaina Gem Dictionary,
one's own death); a suicidal limb, c.g., the horns of a stag, which get entangled and make the stag an
easy victim of death. Upagrahaņa (
E EU)--defects of in effective believers. Upakarana (397U)---Organ protecting environment. Upalabdhi (sqala)-(1) Establishing an affirmative
or negative proposition by a positive middle. (2) Knowing. Upamâna (971A) — Comparison. It is a Pramâna
accepted by the Nyâya and the Mlimansaka schools of
philosophy. Upanaya (EGF)--Similarity in the observation which
is the basis of an induction with the observation which is the basis of the deductive conclusion. E.g., in the syllogism There is fire on the mountain;
because there is smoke there; where there is smoke, there is fire as in the kitchen ;
So there is smoke on the mountain ; .. there is fire on the mountain.
Here the fourth proposition : 'so there is smoke on the mountain' is called 3479 Upanaya. The first is alde pratijñâ; the second is 6747 Sadhana ; the third is eart Udaharana; and the fifth is Formati nigarana. Note that the wording of pratijñâ and nigamana is the same ; pratijsâ is the postulating of the proposition to be proved, whereas nigamana is the statement that
