Book Title: Gandharavada
Author(s): Esther A Solomon
Publisher: Gujarat Vidyasabha

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Page 232
________________ 143 of diverse substances. Hence it cannot be said that the effect must invariably be in agreement with the cause (1774-5). Or even because the effect is recognised to be in agreement with the cause, condition in another existence should be different in respect of caste, family, strength, dignity, etc. from what it is in this one. Not man, but karman is the seed, cause of the sprout in the from of other-worldly existence and karmans are diverse in nature as they have diverse causes. If karmans be admitted ånd also recognised as diverse in nature, their fruit in the the form of worldly existence as denizens of hell, lower creatures or human beings or gods for the transmigratory soul too must be recognised as correspondingly diverse. The causes of karmans are diverse, viz. mithyatva (perversity, predilection for the untruth), avirati (intense attachment, non-abstinence), pramāda (spiritual inertia), kaşāya (passions) and yoga (activity) and so their effects or fruits must be accordingly diverse (1776-8). The inference is as follows: The transmigration of souls as denizens of hell, and so on is diverse, as it is the fruit or effect of karmans which are diverse, like the diverse fruit in this world of actions wbich are of different kinds e. g. fruit of agriculture, etc. (1779). That karman is diverse can be seen from the fact that it is a modification of pudgala (matter) just like the external modifications as clouds or like the modifications of Earth, etc.. What has not diverse modifications is not also a modification of pudgala, e. g. Akāśa. Karmans are all alike in being modifications of pudgala, yet their peculiarity in being a varaña (cover) etc. sbould be accounted for by the diversity of their causes, viz. mithyātva (perversity), etc. (the common ones) and hatred of the wise and such others which are the special causes (1780). Or, if as Sudharmā argued, the other-worldly existence be admitted to be similar to the present worldly existence, and if action in this-worldly existence be diverse—good and evil - then the fruit of action in the other-worldly existence must Jain Education International For Private & Personal Use Only www.jainelibrary.org

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