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resources. An independent cause, viz. sin has to be supposed for it (1932).
Again if the happy body were determined by abundance of punya alone and the miserable body by only the decrease of punya alone, and if there were nothing like sin (papa), then the body being corporeal it would be huge on account of the abundance of punya and small on account of the decrease in punya. And the big body should be pleasurable and the small one painful. But we do not find this. The body of an elephant is bigger than that of a sovereign lord, and yet there is abundance of merit in the case of the sovereign lord. If, as said above, decline of merit were to determine the body, then the elephant's body should be very small, but it is very big. Again punya is good and auspicious, and even a small amount of punya should bring about a good effect; in no case can it become inauspicious. Gold, for example, in a small quantity makes a small golden jar, but never an earthen one or a copper one. The elephant's body too should be small and auspicious, but not big and asubha (foul, inauspicious, ugly). But if it is such, an independent papakarma should be responsible for this (1933).
The same discussion in the reverse form applies to the view that there is sin alone and no good or merit; pleasure cannot be caused by decline of demerit or sin; for if poison is fatal, even a little poison should cause harm, but never good. But punyakarma has to be postulated to account for pleasure. Karma cannot be of a mixed nature too, as there is no cause of such a karma. Yoga (activity) is the cause of karma. Yoga can be either good or bad at one time, but not of a mixed good-cum-bad nature; its effect too should be good, viz. punya or bad, viz. papa, but not of a mixed form-punya-cum-papa. Perverted attitude, non-abstinence, spiritual inertia, passion and activity (yoga) are the causes of bondage; of these yoga alone is such that it is invariably connected with karma-bondage; that it to say, karma-bondage is not possible without yoga. Hence yoga alone of all the causes has been mentioned here. Yoga is three-fold according as it pertains to mind, speech or body (1934-1935).
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