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No. 7.]
THE HATHIGU MPUA INSCRIPTION OF KHARAVELA.
army strong in cavalry, elephants, infantry (nara) and chariots (ratha) and by that army having reached the Kanha-beiņā, he throw3 the city of the Musikas into consternation. Again in the third year,
(L. 5) (he) versed in the science of the Gandharvas (i.e., music), entertains the capital with the exhibition of dapa,' dancing, singing and instrumental music and by causing to be held festivities and assemblies (sa mājas) ; similarly in the fourth year, the Abode of Vidyadharaz' built by the former Kalingan king(s), which had not been damaged before ........
..........with their coronets' rendered meaningless, with their helmets (!) (bilma) cut in twain (?), and with their umbrellas and
(L. 6) blingāra, cast away, deprived of their jewels (i.e., ratana, Skt. ratna, precious ob. jects) all the Rathikas and Bhojakas (he) causes to bow down at his feet. Now in the fifth yaar he brings into the capital from the road of Tanasuliya the canal excavated in the year one hundred-and-three. of King Nanda' .........
........ Having been (re.) ano. inted (he while) celebrating the Rājasüya, remits all tithes and conseg,
(L. 7) bestows many privileges (amounting to hundreds of thousands or the City Corporation and the Realm-Corporation. In the seventh year of his reign, his famous wife of Vajiragbarall obtained the dignity of auspicious motherhood............ Then in the eighth year, (he) with a large army having sacked Goradhagiri
(L. 8) causes pressure on Rājagaha (Rajagriha). On account of the loud report of this act of valour, the Yavana (Greek) King Dimista) retreated to Mathurā having extricated his demoralised army and transport............ (He) gives ..................with foliage
1 In Sindh this term is found in modern vernacular applied to villago-performance by a row of men who move on cutting antics. Drava in Sanskrit, meaning a dance, is connected with motion or running.
* On its meaning as a theatrical performance, see Ind. An., Vol. XLVIII, p. 235.
(Makuta. Crowns or coronets according to the Nafya-sästra (XXI, 118). The Rathikas and Bhojakas were non-monarchical communities (Hindu Polity, Vol. I, p. 89).
• Bilma in the Yajur-vida, XVI, 35, comes in the company of kawacha (coat-of-mail or breast-plate).
. Bhringāra which was made of gold, formed part of a ruler's paraphernalia according to the Nafya. sastra (XXL, 138). So did the chhatra or umbrella.
Tawauliya vita means from the road of Tanasuli' or it might have been the name of the canal. VAT also means an enclosure.
The opinion of Lüders (List No. 1315) and Konow (Acta Orientalia, Vol. I, p. 26) is in favour of interpreting tivasa-sata as 103 years and not 300 years. This is acceptable in preference to 300 on considerations of chronological and historical data of the inscription discussed elsewhere (J. B.O. R. S., Vol. XIII, pp. 237-238). Such 1908 of numbers are not unknown in Vodic Sanskrit. The natural uxplanation is 'the year one hundred and three of King Nanda'. On a Nanda era, 800 Yedarave inscription of Chalakya Vikramaditya Vi (Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. I, Pt. ii, p. 43) and on an era beginning in 458 B. C. current in the time of Alberuni, the discussion on the subject in the Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society (Vol. XIII, pp. 237-241).
Anugaha.- Consult Hindu Polity, II, 93; Kautiliya Artha-sastra, 19, XIII, 171. • Pora - Paura. See the disoussion on the subject in Hindu Polity, II, Ch. 27, and the next note below.
10 Janapada.-The discussion in the Hindu Polity, II, Ch. 27, sets out the materials. The question of identification of Janapada as a corporate body is now put beyond controversy by the seal discovered at Nalanda which reada Puribd-grāma-janapadasya of the Janapada of the Purika village. This seal is in Gupta characters of the 5th or 6th century. [I am publishing it in my article on Some Clay Seals of Nalanda '-Ed.) Probably the central Janapada was made up of the representatives of local Janapadas. In the Häthigumphi insorip. tion we have Janapada in the singular, that is, it refers to one (general) Janapada.
11 It is an ancient royal mannerist to refer to different queens by the name of the country of their origin f., Kausalya, Kaikėyi, etc. The custom still continges in the present ruling families where rinia are no referred w For instanoe, a princess of the Udaipur family, if married in the Jodhpur family, would be styled Sikodni
mahal.
15 Upapida payati means presses down, inflicte pain (Manu, VI, 62; XII, 80). With the meaning do' vaatating, laying waste', which the dictionaries give, the word may mean'he sacks, but it is contrasted Wb choprgita ("nacked') we take it that Kháravela only laid siege to the fortress of Bajagrihs.
