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EPIGRAPHIA INDICA.
nominative formed from a consonantal stem, bhagavan, while its genitive bhagavato (No. IIO, 1. 2) and arahanta, the only other originally consonantal stem which occurs, show Prakrit forms. The nominative plural drops its Visarga as in Prakrit, as in Siha (No. IV A, l. 2). The other cases show either Prakrit or hybrid terminations. In the singular instrumental of the feminines in fand á the termination is ye, e.g., in sukhitdye, kutumbiniye (No. VI), and there is in the same inscription one Pali form, dhitara (i. e., dhítará) for duhitrá (No. VI.4).
The masculine a-stems added ena, as in No. XVII, 1. 4, we bave satureņa. The dative of the a-stems takes ye in arahantapájaye, and ya (as in Pali) in mahabhogatáya (No. VIII, 1. 2). The difference is probably merely graphic, because ya is invariably pronounced yo, and the stress, which lies on the preceding tá, makes the quantity of the following syllable indistinct. In hitasukhd (No. XXI, 1. 6) we have possibly a contracted form for hitasulchaa. The ablative of the masculine and neuter a-stems ends sometimes in á, e.g., always in the word nirpoarttand (No.IIIA, 1. 4), but more usually in áto, e.g., in ganáto (No. 14, 1. 1) and kuldto (ibid.), which termination is a precursor of the Jaina Prakrit and Maharashtri do and of the Sauraseni ado or ádu. With respect to the variants ganato (No. VB, 1.1) and kulato (ibid.) it is difficult to be positive. They may stand for Sanskrit ganataḥ, kulatah or, as the long d is sometimes omitted, for kuláto. The feminine á and f-stems take to and the latter invariably shorten their vowel, as in Uchenagaritoo sakháto (No. IA, 1. 2), and thus agree with those of the Jaina Prakrit, where we find kannáto and devito. As regards the genitives not yet noticed, the femi. nines in d, i and a form dye or aye, iye or iye and iye or uye; compare, e. 9., Khudaye (No. 14, 1. 2), Sangamikaye (No. IIC, 1. 1), Vasulaye (No. IID, 1. 1), dharmapatniye (No. IIIO, 1. 1), kutumbiniye (No. VIII, 1. 2), vadhtye (No. XIA, 1. 3) and vadhuye (No. X). Three times, in kumtübiniya (No. VB, 1. 2), Sangamikaya and bisiniya (No. XII) we have the termination ya, which in my opinion was likewise pronounced yě or ye. The genitive of the representatives of Sanskrit duhitri, dhitu or dhitu, agrees with the Pali form, and so does matu (No. IIC, 1.2). A remarkable mutilated Sanskrit form is rájña (Cunningham, No. 20, l. 2), and very peculiar is the genitive of the male name Haginandia (No. IXB). The last sign is very distinct; else one would be tempted to conjecture Haginamdisya. Tasya (No. VIIB, 1. 2) must stand for tasyah, as it refers to the feminine Kumarami trá], compare etasya for etasyam. The locative of the masculines and neuters in a shows e as in Sanskrit and in most Prakrits; that of the feminine ends in yám, yam, ya or ya, e.g., púrovdyam (No. 14, 1. 1), púrovdya (No.IVA, 1. 1), sákhdya (No. VIII, 1. 1), Haritamalakadhiya (No. IXB). Sir A. Cuninngham' Nos. 2, 3, 7, 11 show the Jaina Prakrit and Maharashtri forms púruváye or púrvpaye. The two locatives of the pronoun idam,asmi and asma (No. VA, I. 1, No. VI. No. XIII. and No. XXV), are corruptions of Sanskrit armin. The few pure Sanskrit forms have been noted above. In the plural, which also does duty for the dual, none but Pali, Jaina Prakrit or hybrid forms occur. The nominatives have already been mentioned. Instances of the instrumental are mátápitihi (No. XVII, 1. 3) and putrehi Nandibala. pramukhehi darakehi (No. XVIII, 11. 5-6). Among the genitives, the Jaina Prakrit form Arvya Veriyána (No. VIII, 1. 1), among the hybrid forms tesham (No. XVIII, 1. 5) and matapitrinam (ibid. l. 6) deserve to be mentioned in addition to the Pali forms
Mostly spelt i.
1
"The short i may be merely graphic.
