________________
90
COSMOLOGY OLD AND NEW
The dimensions of the universe have been estimated by Einstein on the basis of a spherical finite universe whereas the shape of the finite universe according to Jains is anthropomorphous with infinite pure space on all sides.
Considering these odds, it is very difficult to make an exact comparison between the modern determination of the size of the universe and the determination of the ancients. However all that has been said above reflects credit on the work of ancient thinkers.
Modern theories of the universe regard the universe as expanding although the final word has not yet been pronounced on this point.2
206
For further discussion on Space read pages 31-40 ante.
***
SUTRA 13. धर्माधर्मयोः कृत्स्ने ॥१३॥
DHARMADHARMA YOH KRTSNE [13]
&FAT&FÀ Y Zìsày, dinftar fauifga 107
(The whole universe or Loka is the place of dharma and adharma dravyas.)
Also:
207
धमाधम्मे य दोsवेए, लोगमित्ता वियाहिया ।
(Tr. Both dharma and adharma are co-extensive with loka or universe.)
206. In 'The Observational Approach to Cosmology' by Edwin Hubble, an authority on the subject, the author says: "the investigations lead to alternative pictures depending upon the alternative possible interpretations of red shifts." The author further goes on to say whether the 'red shift' in the spectra of the nebulae are due to the expansion of the universe or due to 'some unknown principle of nature' it is not yet decided.
According to Jaina thought expansion of the universe is not possible, as there is no medium of motion outside the Loka. The wellknown red shift has been explained recently from Einstein's theory of Relativity (see the Preface to The New Edition).
207. Uttaradhayayana-sütra, 36.7
