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SUTRA 31
vyaya and dhrauvya. Utpada means coming into existence birth. Vyava means going out of existence-death, and dhrauvya means permanence. Dhrauvya is further defined in the following sutra.
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SÜTRA 31.
तद्भावाव्ययं नित्यम् ॥३१॥
TADBHÄVÄVYAYAM NITYAM [31]
Permanence means indestructibility of the essence or the quality of the substance.
The subject matter of these three sutras 29, 30 and 31 has already been sufficiently dealt with in pages 49-53 and 75-78 ante. In the former it has been explained and established on the authority of modern science that matter is constantly undergoing change, new modifications appearing and the old ones disappearing and at the same time maintaining its intrinsic nature through all these changes. This has been proved to be the fundamental characteristic of all matter. In the latter pages has been explained the way in which this characteristic is exhibited in non-material substances, the media of motion and rest, space and time, showing that utpada, vyaya and dhrauvya are the instrinsic qualities possessed by all substances, material and non-material, if they are to be classed amongst the list of substances.
In the case of the soul substance, so long as it inhabits a corporeal body, it is always associated with grains of karmic matter (see page 69-70 ante). As a result of changes in our thoughts, emotions and other activities old karmic matter is being continually shed off the soul and an influx of new grains going on simultaneously, while the soul retains its essential qualities throughout these changes. This is called the paranimitta kind of utpada,vyaya and dhrauvya, i.e., one which takes place through the agency of an external cause while the changes in dharma and adharma dravy as, etc., are of the svanimitia kind --without the aid of any external source.
Even in the case of a pure, disembodied soul Svanimitta kind of the three-fold phenomenon of origination, destruction and continuance goes on in thought-activity, since Jainism regards this phenomenon as the inevitable quality of a substance. We cannot conclude this commentary without quoting the
