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THE SUMMARY
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14) Particles at the lowest energy level do noi unite, --a
sort of degenerate state. (5) The union of the various particles of different energy
levels may form an odd or an even series. (6) The power of uniting or sepatation is absent in combi
nations composed of only two elementary particles such.
as the neutron. The law No. (4) recognizes the possibility of the free occurrence of the electrons and the positrons such as the conductivity electrons in the metals and the positrons occurring in the cosmic ray streams.
The elementary particles like the neutrons, the protons, the negative protons and the various mesons can be looked upon as formed out of the two elementary grains, the electrons and the positrons. Although it is difficult to conceive how electrons could possibily be packed together to form the mesons of different nasses enumerated on page 156 f.n. or how a proton could be formed out of the positrons since, as the charges are of the same sign, the tendency would be for infinite dispersion instead of abnormal condensation, but it appears that at extremely small distances the law of repulsion changes into a law of attraction as in the case of the gravitational phenomenon cited on page 92. Further, it is on the basis of this abnormal condensation of similar charges that the formation of nuclear matter has been explained (vide page 13 ante).
The negative protons, the mesons or the heavy electrons furnish examples of rüksa particles combining with ruksa and a molecule of oxygen is an example of a ruksa atom combining with ruksa; protons have been formed by the union of snigdha particles. In the nuclei of atoms we have the snigdha and ruksa particles together and in the neutron, we have a close union of these two. With regard to the particle like the neutron-one which is formed by the union of only two particles -- it is mentioned that it has no power of uniting or separation (vide page 135 In other words, a neutron cannot be broken up into a proton and an electron or two neutrons cannot unite together to form a third particle. In various molecules of substances we have a union of snigdha and ruksa atoms, such as in the molecule of common salt the atoms of sodium are
snigdha and those of chlorine ruksa. They break up as such when common salt is dissolved in water because the strength of the bond between the atoms is not great. The necessary condition for union, discovered by the Jaina thinkers, is that the
