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COSMOLOGY : OLD AND NEW trillionths of a trillionth of a second (एक सैकेंड का शंखवा भाग और उसका भी दस लाखवां भाग).
This is the limit of shortest interval of time reached by science so far. The Jaina unit of time (samaya) is smaller still.
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SŪTRAS 41 & 42.
द्रव्याश्रया निर्गणा गणाः ॥४१॥ DRAVYĀŚRAYĀ NIRGUŅĀ GUŅĀH [41]
TGHT: ufura: 1187.11
TADBHĀVAĦ PARIŅĀMAH [42] (1) Attributes can never exist independently of the substances of which they are the attributes and one attribute cannot be the substratum of another attribute.
(2) The change in the character of attributes of a substance is called pariņāma (modification). The same view is expressed in Pañcastikāya-sára.
दव्वेण विणा ण गुणा गणेहिं दव्वं विणा ण संभवदि।
अव्वदिरित्तो भावो दव्वगुणाणं हवदि तम्हा।। 366 (There can be no quality without substance or substance without quality; the two are inseparable in their nature.)
According to Jainas, dravya is a dynamic reality having a continuous flow parallel to the flow of time. It cannot be thought of apart from its qualities which in their turn are not separate from the dravya. In other words, qualities can only reside in substances and substances are bundles of qualities. One cannot think of fluidity apart from a fluid. The difference between a substance and its attributes is not a difference of existence but only that of reference.
The triple nature of reality, i.e., continuance through origination and destruction gives to a substance a characteristic mode
366. Pari castikara-sara, 13.
