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COSMOLOGY : OLD AND NEW represented by a mono-dimensional mathematical series and hence said to have only the longitudinal Extension. For this reason Time is not included in the list of Astikāvas. (For definition of Astikaya see p. 3 ante.) The other five substances, Soul, Matter, Space and Media of motion and rest,-require a series where each term of the first series is an item in the second. The latter is called a two dimensional series and corresponds to the surface Extension or Trivak Pracara.
The distinction between apparent and absolute or real time is given in Gathā 107 of Pancastikava-sara quoted on page 115. The former has a beginning and an end while the latter is eternal. The scientists also suspect that there is a real time behind the apparent time. Says Prof. Eddington : "Whatever may be time de jure. The Astronomer Royal's time is time de facto...... You may be aware that it is revealed to us in Einstein's theory that time and space are mixed up in a rather strange way. This is a great stumbling block to the beginner." 355 The mixing of space and time
of space and time is well expressed in the gathas ed above and in the following quotation from the Sarvärthasiddhi:
लोकाकाशस्य यावन्तः प्रदेशाः तावन्तः कालाणवो निष्क्रिया एकैकाकाशप्रदेशे एकैकवृत्त्या लोकं व्याप्य व्यवस्थिताः।।
(As many cells of space there are, so many kälanus or grains of time are located lying static, one in each cell, permeating every iota of loka (the finite universe).
“One startling conclusion from Einstein's theory is that both space and time vanish away into nothing if there be no matter. We cannot conceive of space and time without matter. It is matter in which originate space and time and our universe of perception."}$6 So is the conclusion of Jainathinkers : In the infinite pure space extending beyond loka, on other substance exists but space; there is no matter and hence no grains of time. the resemblance is striking. It is also true that human mind would fail to perceive space if there were no matter in it but since space is an independent substance, there is nothing to deny the possibility of its existence beyound loka and as remarked in previous pages this idea of loka and aloka has
355. The Nature of the Physical World, p. 36.
356. The Proceedings of Physics Seminar, University of Allahabad, July 1925, p. 37; Article on 'Relativity' by Dr. N.R. Sen.
