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[The Seventy two Kalas
ments, reasoning, and personal knowledge and to advocate one's own ideas; to defeat the opponent in every way by tactful replies, and hair splitting arguments of a lawyer; and to argue with others on ordinary or special subjects.
(58) "MUSHTI-YUDDHA" Fighting with the fist or boxing: The aim of this art was to teach how to close the hands into a fist and to defeat the opponent in a game of boxing. Strength of hands, ability to concentrate the mind and eye-sight on a fixed point, and hard heartedness were necessary qualities, which a man desirous of learning this art should possess.
(59) "BAHU-YUDDHA" Fighting with arms or duel:This art taught how to fight with arms instead of fists. Those who were good-charactered, strong and nimble in moving their hands were selected for this purpose. They ought to possess a strong eye-sight and activeness of limbs for they had to attack the strongest, nearest as well as the most distant adversaries evading their attack in every respect.
(60) DANDA-YUDDHA Fighting with cudgels:-This art taught how to fight with cudgels, what should be the length and form of the cudgels; and how should they be used in order to overcome the adversary a strong-built-body and chest and the strength and nimbleness of arms were regarded to be the most necessary and valuable qualities for the cultivation of this art.
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(61) SASTRA-YUDDHA "Discussion on religious theme: This art taught how to i o use one's own scriptural knowledge for criticising ng or advocating certain ideas in writing or speech. Those who were desirous of learning thir art had to keep their scriptural knowledge fresh by constant study
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