Arddhmagdhi Grammar

Author(s): P L Vaidya
Publisher: Modern Book Depot

Page 23

ARDHAMĀGADHI GRAMMAR
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36. When, however, as a result of dropping one member of a conjunct the remaining member has to be doubled, and when that member happens to be the second or the fourth letter of the class (i.e.: ख, घ, छ, झ, ठ, ड, थ, ध, फ and भ), the resulting conjunct will first be ख्ख, म्य etc., and then the prior letter will be substituted by the first letter if it is the second letter of the class or by the third letter if it is the fourth letter of the class. Thus we shall have वक्खाण ( व्याख्यान), वग्घ (व्याघ्र ), मुच्छा (मूछा), निज्झर (निझर), कट्ठ (काष्ठ), तित्थ (तीर्थ ), निद्धण (निर्धन ), गुप्फ (गुरुफ), निब्भर (निर्भर).
37. There are a few corollaries to the above rule : A long vowel, when followed by a conjunct or by an अनुस्वार, is shortened as in कह ( काष्ठ), तिस्थ (तीर्थ ), सालं (शालाम् ), परंमुह (पराङ्मुख ).
38. If, however, one member of a conjunctis altogether dropped, the preceding vowel, if not already long, is lengthened to.keep up the quantity of the word. Thus we have सीस (शिष्य), आस (अश्व), नसिास (निश्वास), उसास ( उच्छ्वास), सीस (शीर्ष ), ईसर (ईश्वर), आणा (आज्ञा), पासइ (पश्यति), कासव (कश्यप), वीसास (विश्वास), फास (स्पर्श), मणूस (मनुष्य), वासा (वर्षा), वीसाम (विश्राम), नीसह (निःसह), ऊसिय (उच्छित ), दीह (दिग्घ from दीर्घ), दाहिण (दक्षिण), आयाहिण (आदक्षिण), सूहव (सुबहग from सुभग), दूहव (दुर्भग), ऊसव (उत्सव), एयारूव (एतद्रप), माया (मात्रा through मत्ता-माता-माया).
39. The principle illustrated by examples of words in $38, is that of avoiding a conjunct consonant and at the same time keeping up the quantity of the word. There is another manifestation of the principle in the philological phenomenon known as Anaptysis or FTTHIAS or विश्लेष. The conditions necessary for this स्वरभाक्त are that one of the members of the conjunct consonants should be a nasal or a semi-vowel or when a vowel, अ, इ, ई or उ is inserted between them. The indigenous