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Exercise 18
Past Participle
In the exercises 1 to 17, the suffixes of the Present Tense, Imperative and the Future Tense along with the suffixes of the Absolutive and Infinitive have been dwelt upon. But in Apabhraíśa there do not exist any independent suffixes for dealing with the Past Tense. So for expressing the purport of the Past Tense, the Past Participle is used. Study lesson No. 41 of “Apabhramśa Grammar and Composition" before solving the exercises related with it.
The suffixes of the Past Participle are a and ya. By adding these suffixes to the Verbs a of a-ending Verbs is changed into t; as, Hasa - Hasia and Hasiya. When the Personal Pronoun is in the Masculine Gender, the inflection of the Past Participle will be according to the Masculine Noun 'Deva' and when the Personal Pronoun is in the Feminine Gender, the inflection of the Past Participle will be according to Kaha. (i) Masculine Singular Deva/Devā/ + Hasia/Hasia/
Devu/Devo Hasiu/Hasio (ii) Masculine Plural Deva/Deva - Hasia/Hasia/ (i) Feminine Singular Kahă/Kaha + Hasiā/Hasia (iv) Feminine Plural Kahā/Kaha) - Hasia/Hasia/
Kahāu/Kahau/ Hasiàu/Hasiau/ Kahão/Kahao Hasião/Hasiao
(1) I (Mas.) laughed - Here Personal Pronoun is Masculine Singular. So the Past Participle of Hasa-Hasia/Hasiya will be inflected according to Deva in Singular Number.
As, Haur Hasia/Hasiã/Hasiu/Hasio (Here Personal Pronoun, Haum is in the Nominative Masculine Singular .) Note :
In order to solve the above exercise 18, study lesson 41 of “Apabhramśa Grammar and Composition".
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Apabhrarśa Exercise Book
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