Prachin Jain Itihas Sangraha Part 05

Author(s): Tribhuvandas Laherchand Shah
Publisher: Ratnaprabhakar Gyanpushpmala
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034583/1

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zrI jaina itihAsa jJAnabhAnU kiraNa naM05-. & * zrI ratna prabha sUrIzvarapAda kamalebhyaH samaH prAcIna jaina itihaassNgrh| ( paJcamA bhAga) la [samrAT samprati ke zilAlekha ] - gujarAtI lekha ke mUla lekhakaDA. tribhuvanadAsa leharacanda, bar3audA LoLLL hindI anuvAdaka- muni zrI jJAnasundarajI mahArAja prakAzaka-- ratna prabhAkara jJAna puSpamAlA mu0 phalodI, (mAravAr3a) 7 vIra saM0 2462 / zrosavAla saM0 2312 vi0 saM0 1962 prathamAvRtti 1000 mUlya ra I. san 1936 mudraka-satyavrata zarmA, zAnti presa, aAgarA /

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- vaktavya vartamAna bIsavIM zatAbdI itihAsa yuga mAnA jAtA hai jina padArtho kA hama nAma nizAna nahIM jAnate the / para Aja paurvAtya evaM pAzcAtya purAtatvajJoM kI sodha evaM khoja se itane sAdhana prApta hue haiM jaise zilAlekhoM tAmra patroM dhvaMza vizeSa aura prAcIna tAr3a patroM para likhe hue grantha jinhoM ke anusaMdhAna se aneka sthala bhUpatiyoM aura deza ghaTanAoM kA sahaja hI meM patA laga sakatA hai / hAla hI meM zrImAn DAkTara tribhuvanadAsa leharacanda bar3odA vAlA ne vi0 saM0 1686 ke jaina patra kA ropya mahotsava ke vizeSAMka meM "saMprati mahArAja nA zilAlekhoM kiMvA padacyuta samrATa azoka" zIrSaka lekha prakAzita karavAyA hai jisameM aneka aitihAsika pramANoM dvArA yaha siddha karane kI ceSTA kI hai ki jo bhArata meM prAcIna zilAlekhoM, stambhalekhoM, AjJA lekhoM Aja paryanta samrATa azoka jo bauddha dharmopAsaka ke mAne jA rahe the ve saba lekha azoka ke nahIM para jaina dharmopAsaka samrATa saMprati arthAt priyadarzana ke hI haiN| prastuta lekha mahatvapUrNa hone para bhI isakA lAbha kevala gurjara-girAjJa vizeSa jaina-patra ke grAhaka hI uThA sakate haiM / yaha hindI bhASA bhASiyoM se kaise sahana ho ske| isa hAlata meM hamane itihAsa premI muni zrI jJAnasundarajImahArAja se prastuta lekha kA hindI anuvAda karavAke pAThakoM kI sevA meM rakkhA jAtA hai AzA hai ki isako AdyopAnta par3hakara jaina-dharma ke gaurava ko apane hRdaya meM uccAsana deNge-"gunn"|

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Page #4
prAcIna jaina itihAsa saMgraha

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citra paricaya purAtattva kI zodha khoja se jo dhvaMza vizeSa prApta hue haiM unameM ye citra mahattva kA hai| gavarnameMTa Apha iNDiyA kalakattA se san 1876 I0 meM prasiddha hue bhAratahUpa stUpoM ke bAlabamva meM ina citroM ko bhI batalAyA hai / DA0 zAhakRta "samrAT saMprati" kA aprasiddha sAhitya kA avalokana karane se pAyA jAtA hai ki samrATa saMprati ke avizeSoM meM hasti cihna kA mukha sthAna hai / aitihAsika dRSTi se dekhA jAya to ina citrapaTAM kA sambandha prabhu mahAvIra kI kaivalya bhUmi madhya pApA (bhArata hUpa) sAtha honA pAyA jAtA hai / Apake sAmane jo citra haiM unakA paricaya isa lekha meM savistAra karavA diyA hai tathApi pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke lie saMkSipta paricaya karavA denA aprasaMgika na hogaa| citra nambara 1 samrAT Azoka jisakA rAjatva samaya I0sa0pU0 citra nambara 2 mahArAjA kunAla jo azoka kA putra aura samrAT samprati kA pitA hai| citra nambara 3 samrAT samprati jisakA rAjatva kArA I0 sa0 pU0 citra nambara 4 kaMcanamAlA devI-samrAT samprati kI mAtA citra nambara 5 padmAvatI devI samrAT samprati kI dAdI citra nambara 6 cyavana samaya hastidarzana "prakAzaka"

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zuddhi patraka isa bhAga ko pahile hamane dUsare bhAga kA sthAna denA nizcaya kiyA thaa| isake do phArma chapane ke bAda kaI kAraNoM se chapanA banda ho gayA / isa hAlata meM dUsare bhAga meM jaina rAjAoM kA itihAsa chapA diyA / punaH isako hAtha meM lene ke pUrva cAra bhAga chapa cuke / isa kAraNa isako hamane pA~caveM bhAga meM sthAna diyA hai| ataeva pAThaka varga ko cAhie ki isa kitAba meM jahA~ dUsare bhAga kA ullekha dekheM vahA~ pA~cavAM bhAga hI smjhe| pRSTha paMkti mUla TIpaNa naM0 azuddhi zuddhi 3 . , . . avizvanIya avizvAnIya 8 8 , 0 56 568 16 6 0 330 33041 26 6 , 0 65 5 50 11 , . paca patra . 0 0 0 23-TIpaNa naM058 se 63 ko eka nambara Age samajhanA / 27 8 0 71 / pR0 45 27 0 71 pR0 pR0 47 27 15 0 72 pR0 pR0 13 268 0 77 pR0 pR0 16 30 5 0 80 pR0 pR0 52 30 6 0 81 82 .. 81 30 6 0. 81 pR0 pR0 43 30 7 0 82 pR0 pR0 26 pR0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0

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zrI jaina itihAsa jJAna bhAnU kiraNa naM02 * zrI ratnaprabhasUrIzvara pAdapadmabhyonamaH * prAcIna jaina itihAsa saMgraha (dvitIya bhAga) [ mahArAjA sampati ke zilA lekha ] kiMvA padacyuta samrATa azoka (bhAratavarSa ke itihAsa para navIna prakAza DAlatA huA yaha lekha azoka ke zilA lekhoM ke lie rUr3hi sI mAnyatA kA pramANa bhUta rUpa se pratIkAra karatA hai| Aja ke itihAsa kAroM tathA sAmAnya janatA kIbhIyahI dhAraNA hai ki "jo joprAcIna zilAlekha evaMstaMbha lekha dikhAI dete haiM, ve saba azoka kI hI kRti haiM / azoka eka mahAna prabhutvazAlI bAdazAha ho cukA hai aura kahA jAtA hai bauddha dharma ke dvArAhI sAmAnya janatA kA upakAra huA haiM, kintu ye zilAlekha azoka samrATa tathA bauddha dharma ke bhI nahIM hai| pratyuta samrATa samprati ke haiM aura una lekhoM meM likhI gaI sArI lipi jaina lipi

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prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga hI hai, isa bAta ko lekhaka ne jaina aura vizeSata: jainetara pramANa bhUta AdhAroM dvArA pUrNa khoja karake siddha kiyA hai / sArA lekha vicAra pUrvaka par3ha lena ke bAda vaha bAta sAdhAraNataH hI samajha meM AjAtI hai ki jo mahatva kiMvA kIrti azoka ko prApta ho rahI hai, vaha saba vAstava meM mahArAja saMprati ko prApta honI cAhie aura ina zilAlekhoM ke dvArA utpanna kiye hue prabhAvoM kA zreya bauddha dharma ko na hokara jaina dharma ko hai / aitihAsika jagat meM eka mahAna parivartanakArI yaha lekha itihAsa premiyoM ke sammukha rakhA jAtA hai aura isa para vicAra kara ve apane mantavya isa prazna para nizcita kareM aura isa prazna ko ucita nyAya deM isake lie isa lekha ko yahA~ udghRta karanA parama ucita hai / ) [ saMpAdaka ] aba taka yaha bAta mAnI jAtI hai, ki sAre bhArata meM jo jo prAcIna zilAlekha stambhalekha ityAdi dikhalAI dete haiM ve saba samrAT azoka kI kRti haiM, yaha bAta vAstava meM vaisI nahIM hai jaisA aba taka mAnA jA rahA hai balki kucha aura hI hai, isa bAta ko siddha karanA hI isa lekha kA mukhya uddezya hai / jaba yaha bAta siddha ho jAyagI taba ( vAstava meM vaisA hai bhI ) uparokta zIrSaka kI satyatA jJAta hogI / pazcAttApa kI bAta to yaha hai ki grIka bAdazAha mahAna sikandara ke bhArata para AkramaNa se pUrva jo jo bAteM huI haiM, unakA cAhe kitanA hI prayatna kyoM na kiyA gayA ho kintu aba taka koI bhI paurvAtya yA pAzcAtya purAtatvavettA isa bAta kI zodha meM nizcita tathA pUrNa prAmANika rUpa se saphala nahIM ho pAyA hai| itanA hI nahIM balki jaba kabhI koI vizeSa zaMkAspada prazna uTha khar3A hotA hai usakI gutthiyAM sulajhAye nahIM sulajhatI

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mahArAjA samprati ke zilA lekha usa samaya apane kAma karane ke DhaMga ko arthAt zodha kA mUla pAyA hI doSa yukta hai, isa bAta ko niSpakSa hokara tathA usa navIna bAta ko saMbhava mAnakara use sudhArane ke badale ve turanta hI yaha kahane laga jAte haiM ki hiMda ke prAcIna kAla kI jo aneka dharmoM kI pustakeM likhI gaI haiM ve cAhe eka dUsare vRttAntoM se milate hue bhale hoM; apane buddhi gamya na hone ke kAraNa una saba ko kSepaka aura kAlpanika aura mAtra dantakathA hI batalAte haiM aura unheM ve avizvanIya batalA kara aitihAsika tathyoM ke liye vyartha haiM, batalAta haiM / isa bAta se kamase kama itanA to avazya siddha ho jAtA hai ki unakI rIti meM kucha na kucha sudhArane kA sthAna avazya hai| jisa mukhya ghaTanA se sArA itihAsa cunA gayA hai aura jo Upara kahe hue anusAra jisa para kucha zaMkA hai vaha hai IsA ke pUrva 327 ke sAla kI ghaTanA / jisa samaya grIka bAdazAha mahAn sikaMdara bhArata para car3ha AyA thA aura siMdha ke taTa para par3Ava DAlA huA thA usa samaya maurya vaMzIya navayuvaka rAjA kiMvA kumAra usase milA thA aura usa samaya ke mauryavaMzI samrATa kI rAjadhAnI pATalIputra meM jo grIka rAjadUta megAsthAnIz2a rahatA thA usane jo kucha TUTI phUTI bAteM apanI DAyarI meM likha rakhI thIM, usameM seMNDokoTsa likhA thA, use grIka itihAsa vettA-lekhaka mi0 jasTina aura sTravo ne binA kisI sAkSI, pramANa Adi die hue hI seMNDokoTsa ko candragupta mAna liyA thaa| ukta ghaTanA ko jo sAla I0 pUrva 327 diyA gayA hai usake sambandha meM to kucha bhI zaMkA nahIM hai, kAraNa ki vaha aneka pramANoM se siddha hai kintu senDokoTsa candragupta hI hai isa bAta ko mAnate hue z2arA hicakicAhaTa sI hotI hai| hama saba gata Der3ha do sau varSo se briTisa sarakAra yA usake saMrakSita dezI rAjya kI hI zAlAoM meM par3ha 2 kara bAhara Ae hone

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prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga ke kAraNa yaha dRr3ha vicAra sA karane laga gae haiM ki seNDrokoTsa candragupta hI hai aura vahI sikandara se usakI chAvanI meM milA thaa| isa vicAra ko miTAne kI bAta to dUra rahI para usa para jarAvivAda yA zaMkA karake use kasauTI para kasane ke lie jabaradasta prayAsa karanA par3egA / isake bAda hI itihAsa kA zuddha svarUpa jJAta hogaa| isake lie dUsare zodha karane vAle jaise IsA pUrva 327 kI sAla ko madhyavartI mAna kara dUsarI ghaTanAoM kA kAla nizcita karate gae haiM usake sthAna para hameM koI dUsarI hI ghaTanA ko kendra mAna kara kAma lenA caahie| aise vikaTa prazna ko sAmane lAne ke pUrva mujhe eka saMpUrNa pAThaka vRnda se isa bAta kI pratijJA karAnI hai ki aise viSaya para likhane kA yaha merA prathama prayAsa aura usake dhyeya ko kisa prakAra sammukha rakhanA aura usakI carcA karake use dRr3ha siddhAnta rUpa meM kisa taraha rakhanA / isa viSaya meM maiM koI niSNAta nahIM haiM aura isake lekha meM jahA~ kahIM kucha avinaya yA truTi yA zithilatA dekha par3e una sabako mujha para kRpA kara kSamA kreNge| yaha bAta to ucita hI hai ki jisa kisI aitihAsika ghaTanA kA samaya nizcita ho gayA ho aura kisI dUsarI ghaTanA kA sAla bhI gaNita zAstra ke niyamAnusAra ThIka se jaca jAya to usa dUsarI ghaTanA ke kAla ke bAre meM jarA bhI zaMkA nahIM rahatI aura use satya mAnA jAtA hai / isI niyama ke anusAra seNDokoTsa candragupta hI hai aisA mAnane ke pUrva hI maiM mauryavaMza kI vaMzAvalI Apake sammukha rakkhU gaa| yaha kArya kucha kaThina to avazya hai kintu anivArya aura usI ke AdhAra para Apa svayaM

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha nirNaya kara leMge ki seNDokoTsa kauna hai / morya vaMza kI vaMzAvalI likhane ke pUrva saba se pahale apane lie vauddha saMmvat kI sahAyatA Avazyaka hai| tAtparya yaha ki sAre viSaya ko vyavasthita rakhane ke lie isa lekha ko mujhe tIna bhAgoM meM bA~Ta denA par3egA / pahalA bauddha saMvat nirNIta karake batalAnA, dUsarA mauryavaMza kI vaMzAvalI batalAnA aura tIsarA antima aura sabase upayogI bhAga jisameM sAre zilAlekha aura stambha lekhoM meM likhI huI bAteM, unakI TIkA TippaNI aura vivecanA ke sAtha Apake sammukha rakhakara usakA nirNaya svayaM Apako karane ko sauMpanA, ki ye sArI kRtiyA~ samrATa azoka kI hI ho sakatI haiM, yA kisI dUsare vyakti kI ? "vibhAga prathama" bauddha saMmvat kA nizcaya karane ke lie hameM IsvI pUrva 327 ke sAla ko madhya bindu ke rUpa meM mAnakara usase pIche calate calate zodha karanA chor3a denA par3egA, kAraNa ki una donoM ghaTanAoM ke bIca kA kAla aneka zaMkAoM, durghaTanAoM, bhUloM tathA truTiyoM se pUrNa hai| umake sthAna para usI samaya dUsare jo do dharma astitva meM the unameM se eka (brAhmaNa dharma yA jaina dharma meM se) jaina dharbha kI jo ghaTanA siddha ho cukI hai; usI ko madhya bindu ke rUpa meM mAna kara Age bar3hanA sundara hogA / merA kahanA jaina dharma ke antima tIrthakara bhagavAn zrI mahAvIra ke nirvANa se tAtparya rakhatA hai| ___ mahAvIra nirvANa (mokSa prApti-jiMsa bhA~ti dakSiNa bhArata ke bauddha granthoM meM jJAna prApti ko hI nirvANa kahane meM AyA hai

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prA. jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga usa artha meM nahIM ) IstrI pUrva 526 meM huA hai| yahA~ para mujhe yaha bhI batalA denA Avazyaka hai ki jina vidvAnoM ko ukta sAla mAnya nahIM hai, unhoMne apanI gaNanA se seNDrokoTama candragupta hI thA, aura vahI bAdazAha sikandara kI chAvanI meM I0 pU0 327 meM milA thA, isa bAta ko mAna kara hI Age bar3hane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, kintu hama pahale dekha cuke haiM ki yaha gaNanA bhrama pUrNa hai phira jisakI nIMva kamajora hotI hai vaha makAna bhI kamajora hotA hai yaha bhI siddha hI hai| (1) (a) dekhiye hemacandra sUrI kA pariziSTa parva, ( ba ) (sekreDa ) bukla zrApha dI isTa nAmaka grantha mAlA ke kramAGka aMka 22 meM pro. jaikobI kI TippaNI, jisameM unhoMne likhA ki zvetAmbara tathA digambara donoM sampradAya ke jainoM ke donoM vibhAgoM vAle mahAvIra bhagavAn kA nirvANa samaya (I0 pU0 526) ke bAre meM to eka hI mata hai (sa) misez2a sTIvensana nAmaka lekhikA ke " hArTaoNpha jainiz2ma " nAmaka pustaka kI prastAvanA pra. XIV, (da) sara kaniMgahama kI "buka oNpha iNDiyana iroja" nAmaka pustaka kA pra037 (vi0 saM0 pUrva 470 varSa meM vIra nirvANa huaA thA),(ya) sara sTIvensana kRta "kalpa sUtra" prastAvanA VIII aura TIkA pra.66, (pha ) merutagAcArya kI sthavi. rAvalI, DA0 bhAUjI dA jI kI banAI huI (ja. ro0 e0 so0 bo. pustaka 6 pra. 146 ) (g2a) karnala mAilsa (TA0 ro0 e0 so0 bo0 tRtIya bhAga pra0 358 ) (ja) pro0 kANTiyara (I. e0 pu0 43, 1614 pra. 132) / cAhe jo kucha ho kintu IsA pUrva 527 kA sAla danta kathA ke rupa meMhI bhale hI abataka calatA aAyA hai aura I0 pUrva 477 ke sAla ko kevala gaNita kA hisAba lagAkara khar3A kiyA gayA hai aura isa kAraNa usake saMmbandha kI zeSa bAteM bhI aprAmANika nikale yaha bahuta saMmbhava hai|

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha I0 saM0 pUrva 5262 ke sAla se (mahAvIra nirvANa se) buddha saMvat kI zodha karane ke lie hama aneka ghaTanAoM aura bAtoM kI sahAyatA le sakate haiM kintu yahA~ usakA vizeSa jikra nahIM hai, ataeva eka do itihAsa jo hameM isa kArya meM sahAyaka hai mAtra unhIM kA ullekha kruuNgaa| (1) siMhala ke itihAsa meM buddha bhagavAna ke jIvana kI aneka ghaTanAe devAha ke rAjA aMjana ke samvat meM isa taraha likhI huI milatI haiN| (a) mahAtmA buddha kA janma aMjana saM0 68 Ayu0 (ba) bhikSuka honA (sa ) dharma pravartana (da ) nirvANa prApti ( jJAna prApti),,, 127? ,,5614 (sAMsArika moha kA nAza) (ya) parinirvANa saMsAra kI jaMjIra se sarvathA chuTTI deha tyAga) , , 148 ,805 (2)rAjA ajAtazatru ke rAjya ke dUsare varSa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA AThaveM varSa meM bhagavAna buddha kA mokSa huA hai| (2) mahAvIra kA nirvANa kArtikIya amAvasyA arthAt I0 pU0 527 ke akTUbara meM huaa| (3) iNDiyana eNTIkarI pu0 32, pR0 228 / (4) isake sthAna para 125 aura 57 cAhie ( yaha bhUla kaisI huI hogI kucha jJAta nahIM hotaa.)| (5) kembrija hisTrI Apha iNDiyA prathama bhAga pR0 156 / / (6) iNDiyana egaTIkarI pu0 37 pR. 342, 'kembrija hisTrI zrApha iNDiyA pra0 bhAga pR0 157 go0 je0 pra0 kANTiyara kA iNDiyana eNTIkarI kA lekha san 1914 (mahAvIra ke samaya) kA pR0 132 /

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prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga ___ ukta donoM pramANoM ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki ukta donoM dharma pracArakoM ke antima samayoM meM 6 varSa kA antara hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mukti prathama tathA mahAtmA buddha kI mukti (deha tyAga) pIche se huI hai arthAta I0 pU0527 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA mokSa gamana hai ataH I0 pUrva 520 bhagavAna buddha kA mokSa siddha hai| ... mahAvIra kI Ayu 727 kI likhI hai aura mokSa I0 pU0 526 meM hai arthAt unakA janma I0 pU0 (526+ 72 ) 56 meM hogA / isI prakAra buddha bhagavAn kI Ayu 809 kI likhI gaI hai aura mukti I0 pU0 520 meM hai, isa taraha unakA janma I0 pU0 (520+80) 600 meM huA mAnA jA sakatA hai| una saba kA sambandha nimna prakAra se ho sakatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra Ayu | Ayu bhagavAna buddha janma I0 pU0568 0 0 janma IsA pUrva 600 pravartaka dharmopadezaka dIkSA saMsAra tyAga bhitukapana I0 pUrva 568 30 26 I0 pU0 571 jJAna prApti, kaivalya prApti pravatakapana Atten ment of Budha hood. (7) bhagavAn mahIvIra kA nirvANa I0 pU0 527 ke akTUbara meM hai ( dekho TIkA naM0 27 isake pahale ajAtazatru 18 mAsa rAjya kara cukA thA aura mahAvIra nirvANa ke 6 // varSa bAda buddha nirvANa hai, arthAt prajAtazatru I0 pU0 528 ke apraila meM gaddI para baiThA aura mahAtmA buddha kA nirvANa bhI I0 pU0 520 ke apraila meM huA / (8) saba jaina graMtha ekamate haiN| (1) dekhie TIkA nN0|

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha 520 Attenmentof Supr- 35 I0 pU0 565 eme. Knowledge 57 nirvANa' I0 pU0 543 I0 pU0 556 4280 parinirvANa' I0 pU0 mokSa ('death nirvANa ) 72 I0 pU0 526 uparokta koSThaka se yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki buddha ke samasta jIvana-kAla'2 meM hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA samaya thA, unakA janma buddha ke do varSa bAda aura mokSa buddha ke mokSa ke 6 varSa pUrva hI hogayA hai| isa taraha donoM ke zrAyu kAla meM 8 varSoM kA antara hai / mahAvIra kI Ayu 72 tathA buddha kI 80 varSa kI hai| isa bhA~ti ye donoM saMvat nimnalikhita rUpa meM siddha ho jAte haiN| mahAvIra saMvat ( mR0 saMvat ) IsA pUrva 526 buddha saMvat (10-11) dakSiNa hiMda vAle (siMhalI, varmI, syAmI) buddha nirvANa se saMvat gaNanA karate haiM aura uttara hinda vAle-buddha parinirvANa se saMvat ginate haiM aura isI kAraNa ina donoM saMvatoM meM 22-23 varSa kA antara hai| mahAvaMza uttara hinda kI aura dIpavaMza dakSiNa hinda kI dharma pustaka hai jinase una donoM meM uparokta kathanAnusAra hI 22-23 varSa kA antara rahatA hai| (12) jisa samaya vuddha bhagavAn saMgrAma grAma meM the vahA~ unheM samAcAra milA ki unake pratidvandvI mahAvIra ne pAvApurI meM nirvANa prApta kI hai aura nirgranyoM meM bar3I phUTa ho rahI hai| (dinakAya pR0 117 aura prAge 201 aura Age evaM majimamanikAya II pR0 242 ke Age, iNDiyana eNTIkarI 1610 pR0 177) /

Page #16
10 prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga uttara hinda ke anusAra (mahAvaMza) I0 pU0 520 13 dakSiNa hinda ke anusAra ( dIpavaMza ) I0 pUrva 543 dvitIya vibhAga mauryavaMza kI vaMzAvalI isakA nirNaya karane ke lie tInoM dharmo kI bahuta sI ghaTanAoM ko sAkSI mAnanA par3egA ( tInoM dharma brAhmaNa buddha aura jaina ) aura jaba una sabakA eka dUsare se sambandhita milatA huA pramANa samarthana meM upasthita hojAya taba to yaha bAta avazya siddha ho jAyagI ki "vaha ThIka aise hI hai isameM kucha bhI gar3abar3I nahIM hai / maiM pahale jA~ca samrAT azoka se prArambha karU~gA / ( 1 ) siMhalI itihAsa ke anusAra samrAT azoka kA rAjyAbhiSeka buddha nirvANa 14 ke 218 varSa bAda huA aura siMhalI logoM kI gaNanA (dakSiNa hinda) buddha nirvANa I0 pU0 543-4 hai isa taraha 543 - 21= = I0 pU0 325 meM azoka kA rAjyAbhiSeka mAnanA par3egA / 15 ( 2 ) sudarzana vibhAza jo cInI grantha hai, usameM likhA hai ki azoka buddha saM0 21816 meM huA thaa| cInI loga bhI siMhalI gaNanA ke anusAra hI apanI saMvat gaNanA karate haiM ataH usakA kAla I0 pU0 325 hI mAnA jAyagA / (13) dekhie uparokta 7 vIM 6 vIM aura 10 vIM TippaNiyoM ko / (14) dekhie, dIpavaMza VI 1 aura Age iNDiyana eNTIkkarI 32 pR0 266 aura bhAga 27 pR0 345 / (15) Upara dekhie TIkA naM0 6, 10 / (16) iNDiyana eNTIkkerI 37 50 346 |

Page #17
mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha (3) DA0 phlITa bhI azoka kA rAjyAbhiSeka buddha saMvat 218 meM uparokta pramANoM se mAnate haiN| . (4) janarala sara kaniMgahama apanI pustaka (kaoNrpasa inrakrI'pzansa inDIkarama) kI prastAvanA pR06 (IX ) meM likhate haiM ki azoka kA rAjya kAla buddha saM0 215 se 256 taka 4118 varSa taka rahA hai| (544-215 = I0 pU019 326 se I0pU0288 taka) (5) antima zAkya muni buddha kA nirvANa siMhala dvIpa aura varmA ke bauddha granthoM ke anusAra I0 pU0 544 meM huaA hai aura usake 218 varSa bAda azoka kA rAjyAbhiSeka huA hai / usake pitA kA maraNa buddha nirvANa ke 214 varSa bAda huA thA, usake bAda cAra varSa meM apane bhAiyoM ko samajhA bujhAkara20 svayaM rAjya gaddI para baitthaa| ___ isa hisAba se azoka ke pitA vindusAra kI mRtyu I0 pU0 (544-214)= 330 meM huI siddha hotI hai aura azoka kA rAjyAbhiSeka isa bhA~ti I0pU0 (330-4) 326 meM mAnA jAyagA / (6) azoka I0 pU0 326 aura 325 ke bIca21 meM gaddI para baitthaa| (17) iNDiyana eNTIvarI 37 pR0 350 / (18) yaha 41 varSa kA aMka kisa taraha pAyA usake lie nIce dekhie nirNaya pR0 aura usakI TippaNI naM0 27 / / (16) vaha gaddI para baiThA I0 pU0 326-30 aura usake cAra varSa bAda rAjyAbhiSeka huzrA arthAt I0 pU0 225 / (20) buka Apha iNDiyana irAja-sara kaniMgahama racita pR0 34 se 36 taka jo ki dUsarI pustakoM meM mAra DAlane kA likhA hai| (21) dekhie iNDiyana eNTIkarI pu0 32 pR. 232, mi0 pI0 sI. mukurjI, asisTeNTa DAirekTara janarala zrApha ArkiyolojI /

Page #18
12 . prA0 je0 i. dUsarA bhAga (7) zizunAga vaMzIya rAjAzreNika gaddI para baiThAaura azoka ke rAjA ko anta22 ke ( adhika sApha yaha ki usakA maraNa huA) isa kAla ke bIca meM 311 varSa23 kA antara hai| zreNika rAjA I0 pU0580 meM24 gaddI para baiThA, isa hisAba se azoka kI mRtyu I0 pU0 (580-311 ) 266 huI mAnI jaaygii| (8) bhagavAna buddha aura samrATa azoka ke bIca kA aMtara kAla 25"aba dAna zataka" ke anusAra lagabhaga dosau varSoM kA hai| isa hisAba se buddha kI mRtyu I0 pU0 520 meM hai ataH azoka kA samaya I0pa0 320 hogA / (azoka kA rAjyAbhiSeka i0 pU0 325 hai aura usake cAra varSa bAda26 usane bauddhadharma ko svIkAra kiyA aisA artha mAnane se hI usakA kAla (325-4) 321 varSa IsA pUrva AtA hai / yadi gaddI milane ke cAra varSa bAda usakA bauddhadharma svIkAra karanA mAnaM leM to I0 pU0 ( 330-4) 326-25 AtA hai jisase anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki I0 pU0 321 varSa meM jaba azoka svayaM boddha huA to usake (22) iNDiyana eNTIvarI 32 pR0 342 kisI vidvAn ne mUla kA bhASAMtara karate hue Death zabda ke sthAna para Termination of reign kara diyA aisA jJAta hotA hai)| (23) vAyu purANa meM 312 varSa aura matsya purANa meM 311 varSa likhA hai| ( dekhie buka Apha iNDiyana Iroja pR. 35 tathA iNDiyana eNTIkarI pu0 32 pR0 232 ) / (24) dekhie merA lekha zizanAga vaMza kI vaMzAvalI TIkA naM. 5 / (25) kosa inskrIpzana inDIkerama-prastAvanA XI dekhie| (26) dIpavaMza IV 18 tathA iNDiyana eNTIkarI 1614 pR0. 161, mahAvaMza V 186 /

Page #19
mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha 13 pahale bhI usakA kucha sambandha avazya rahA hogA / yadi aisA nahIM hotA to vaha dhArmika pustakoM kI racanA ko mahatva nahIM detA, tisa para bhI Upara anumAna kA jikra hai ataH ise yahIM chor3ate haiN| ___ uparokta AThoM pramANoM se hama samrATa azoka ke bAre meM nimna likhita bAteM samajha sakate haiN| (a) usakA gaddI para AnA aura bindusAra kA maraNa I0 pa0 330, 326 hai / prai0 4, 5 aura 6 ke anusAra) (ba) usakA rAjyAbhiSeka gaddI para Ane ke cAra varSa bAda I0 pU0 325 meM huA (prai0 1, 2,3,5,6 aura 8 ke anusAra / (sa) usakA rAjya kAla I0 pU0 330 se I0 pU0 288 taka 41 varSa27 dekhie (prai0 4) (da) usakA maraNa I0 pU0 270 ( usakI kula Ayu 82 varSa kI mAnI jAtI hai ataH janma (270 + 82) 352 varSa I0 pU0 meM mAnanA par3egA ) / prai0 naM07 (i) usane rAjya kI lagAma I0 pUrva 286 meM chor3I28 ( Upara 'sa' dekhie) aura usakA maraNa 9 I0 pU0 270 meM huA ( Upara 'da' dekhiye ) ina donoM kAloM ke bIca kA 16 varSa kA samaya azoka ne sanyasta dazA aura prAyazcita karane meM lagAyA aisA jJAta hotA hai| (27) usake tIna bhAga, prathama bhAga cAra varSa rAjA ke rUpa meM, phira bAda ke 23 varSa mahArAja ke rUpa meM aura pichale 14 varSa nirIkSaka ke rUpa meM (4+ 23 + 14) kula 41 varSa / (28) dekhie; ka0 iNDi0 eNTIkverI 32 pR0 233 / (26) dekhie pramANa da,

Page #20
prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga ( aba samrATa candragupta ke kAla kA nirNaya kIjiye ) / (1) brAhmaNa dharma ke paurANika granthoM meM likhA hai ki prathama naMda ke ThIka eka sau varSa bAda candragupta magadhAdhipati huaa| prathama naMda kA rAjya kAla I0 pU0 472 hai| isa hisAba se candragupta kA rAjyAbhiSeka 1 I0 pU0 372 meM huA aisA kahA jA sakatA hai / (472 = 100 = 372 ) (2) siMhalI itihAsa ke anusAra candragupta, buddha saM0 162 meM rAjyAdhirUr3ha huA thaa| siMhalI loga buddha saM0 543 varSa I0 pUrva se ginate haiM / isa hisAba se ( 543-162 ) 381 I0 pUrva usakA gaddI para baiThanA hogaa| isa hisAba se gaddI para baiThane 6 varSa pUrva32 kA kAla hogaa| ( dekhiye pahalA pairAgrApha) (3) janarala kanigahama sAhaba likhate haiM33 ki cAhe jo kucha ho kintu yaha to satya hai ki candragupta kI rAjagaddI kA kAla nirNaya karane meM 66 varSa kI g2alatI huI hai| IsA pUrva 316 ke badale buddha saM0 162 kAla honA caahie| (30) dekhie mere lekha ke zizunAga vaMza kI vaMzAvalI TippaNI naM0 11 ( cAhe jo kucha ho abhI taka candragupta ke rAjyArohaNa kA kAla nizcita nahIM hotA hai isake vAre meM vizeSa zodha kI AvazyakatA hai)| (11) maurya vaMza kI sthApanA athavA candragupta kA gaddI para pAnA I0 pU0 372 meM huA hai, kintu 5, 6 varSa taka naMda jaise pratidvandI kA mukAbilA karane meM bItA hai dUsare aura cauthe pairAgrAfa se milAiye / (32) milAie Upara ko TIkA naM0 31 tathA dekhie iNDi0 eNTIkarI pu0 37 pR. 345 / (33) korapasa inskrIpzana--prophesa-JV |

Page #21
mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha IsA pU. 316+ 66= I0 pU0 382 hotA hai aura vaha dvitIya pairAgrApha ke anusAra ThIka bho utaratA hai| (4) jaina pustakoM meM likhA hai ki candragupta ne naMdavaMza kA nAza34 mahAvIra saMvat 155 (I0 pU0 372) meM kiyA / I0 pU0 526-155 : 371-2 hue / (Upara ke prathama pairegrApha se milaaie)| (5) maurya vaMza kI sthApanA= candragupta kA gaddI para AnA buddha saM0 162 meM hai|35 arthAt candragupta I0 pU0 544-162 = 382 I0 pU0 meM gaddI para baiThA / ___ uparokta 6 hoM pramANoM ke mila jAne para yaha spaSTa hogayA hai ki samrATa candragupta ke bAre kI nimnalikhita bAteM siddhi-sI haiM / (a) mauryavaMza kI sthApanA arthAt candragupta kA rAjyAdhikAra I0 pU0 382 hai| ( pairAgrApha 2, 3 aura 5) (ba) magadha kI gaddI para usakA rAjyAbhiSeka huA kiMvA naMda vaMza kA anta huA I0 pU0 372 meM / (pairAgrApha 2 aura 4 dekhie ) (sa) isake uparAnta purANoM meM, bauddha pustakoM tathA jaina granthoM Adi saba meM36 candragupta kA rAjya kAla 24 varSe honA likhA hai, isa hisAba se I0 pU0 (382-24) 358 meM usakA (34) Upara kI TIkA naM. 31, 32 ko milaaie| hemacandrAcArya kA kahanA hai ki jaba yaha ghaTanA huI usa samaya vIra saM0 155 thii| (kembrija hisTI Apha iNDiyA pu. 1 pR. 156) / (31) iNDiyana eNTIkarI 32 pR. 227 / (36) inskrIpzana Apha azoka, pro0 hulTaza pu. 1 prastAvanA XXXII dekhie|

Page #22
18 prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga rAjya kAla samApta huA, aura usakA rAjya kAla I0pU0382 se 358 taka 24 varSa hai| ___ yahA~ taka mauryavaMza ke pahale ke tIna rAjAoM kA kAla nirNaya kara cuke haiM aura vaha nimnalikhita prakAra se siddha huA hai| . krama rAjA gaddI para baiThanA rAjyAbhiSeka rAjya kA aMta rAjya kA kAla . 1 candragupta 382 372-1 35837 2 bindusAra 35838 34539 330 2840 3 azoka 330 325-6 286 (37) vAstava meM to isane I0 pU0 358 meM jaina dIkSA hI lI hai aura usake bAda bahuta varSoM taka dakSiNa bhArata meM zravaNa vela golA ke pAsa candragiri parvata para ( jisakA nAma hI candragupta ke nAma se candragiri par3a gayA hai ) rahakara tathA anazana karake svargavAsI huA hai| bhagavAhu svAmI jaba dakSiNa gae usa samaya yaha unake sAtha vihAra meM jaataa| (38) jaina matAnusAra usane 16 varSa rAjya kiyA hai, yaha bAta ThIka utaratI hai 330-16 arthAt IsA pUrva 344-45 meM rAjyAbhiSeka huA mAnA hai isa bIca meM I0 pU0 318 se 345 taka candragupta svayaM sAdhu rUpa meM jItA rahA hogaa| isIse apane bApa ke jIte jI bindusAra gaddI para nahIM baiThA hogA, isase yaha bhI prakaTa hotA hai ki candragupta kI mRtyu I0 pU0 345 meM huI hogii| (36) dekhie Upara kI TIkA naM. 38 / (40) purANoM meM 25 varSa likhA hai aura bauddha pustakoM meM 28 varSa likhA hai (pro0 hulTaza, azoka kA lekha, pu0 1 pR. XXXII) jaina matAnusAra usakA rAjya kAla mAtra 16 varSa hai / isa taraha bauddha aura jaina donoM mata milate hue haiM dekhie noTa 38 kA khulAsA / (41) Upara pairAgrApha 5 pRSTa 70 meM dekhie /

Page #23
mahArAjA samprati ke zilAlekha aba Apa ukta varSoM kI tulanA karake nirNaya kara sakeMge ki mahAn sikandara ne I0 pU0 327 meM bhArata para car3hAI kI thI, usa samaya kaunasA mauryavaMzI puruSa usase milane usakI chAvanI meM gayA hogA; aura grIka itihAsakAroM ne jo seNDrokoTsa (candragupta ) likha mArA hai usake likhane meM unhoMne satya kA yA asatya kA kahA~ samarthana kiyA hai ? tathA vaha vyakti kumAra pada para thA ya, rAja pada para ? mi0 sI0 pI0 mukurjI bhI apanA mata42 isa bhA~ti isa sambandha meM prakaTa karate haiM: yoropIya vicArakoM ne binA pUrNa pramANa ke kevala uccAraNa sAmya ke AdhAra para, jisa bhA~ti mesarsa jasTina sTUvo aura anya sammAnya grIka lekhakoM ne megasthanIz2a kI kalpita bAta ke AdhAra para likha mArA thA ki seNDrokoTsa arthAt candragupta 3 aura usane mahAna sikandara ke sAtha bheMTa kI thI tathA I0 pU0 310 meM selyUkasa nikoTara ko harAyA thA aura paMjAba meM se (42) iNDiyana eNTIkarI pu0 32 pR. 232 dekhie / (43) isake viruddha yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki seNDrokoTsa hI candragupta thA isakA pramANa kyA hai ? / sAtha hI usakA samakAlIna rAjA azoka magadha kI gaddI para thA aura usake samakAlIna rUpa meM grIsa . ke pA~ca bhAga karake bhinna bhinna pA~ca rAjA jinake nAma zilAlekha meM haiM ve hI rAjya karate the isakA kyA pramANa hai ? athavA azoka ke usa deza meM bhinukoM ke bhejane kA pramANa kahA~ hai ? mahAvaMza tathA dIpavaMza jaise pradhAna bauddha granthoM meM bhI isa sanbandha meM eka zabda bhI likhA humA nahIM miltaa| . ....... ::

Page #24
prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga (jisa deza kA darzana taka candragupta ke karane kA kahIM varNana nahIM hai ) grIkoM ko nikAla bAhara kiyaa|" isa bAta kI hA~ meM hA~ milAkara aTala satya ke rUpa meM mAna liyA hai| grIka itihAsa kI mUla prati jisake AdhAra para mesarsa / jasTina tathA sTe vo ne sAre saMsAra ko seNDokoTsa aura candragupta kA eka hI honA batalAyA hai usakA bhASAntara mi0 krieDala ne ( dekhie pompI TogI XV 4) kiyA hai aura jisakA uddharaNa mi0 hulTaja ne44 apanI pustaka meM diyA hai usakA rUpAntara maiM yahA~ detA huuN| goyA ki vaha kucha bar3A hai phira bhI usake AdhAra para bahuta hI jJAtavya bAteM spaSTa ho jaayeNgii| sikandara ke rAjya ke Tukar3e Takar3e kara DAlane ke bAda mi0 selyUkasa ne bhI pUrva kI aura kaI AkramaNa kie| pahale unhoMne beboloniyA jItA aura phira jIta ke ghamaMDa meM Akara senA ke sAtha bekTriansoM ko apane adhikAra meM kiyA aura usake bAda bhArata para car3hAI kii| sikandara ke maraNa ke bAda jisa bhA~ti gulAmI kI jaMjIra tor3a dI gaI ho usa taraha usake sAre saradAroM ko vahA~ vAloM ne katla kara ddaalaa| unakA mukhya saradAra seNDokoTsathA, jisane bhAratIyoM ke svAtaMtrya ke vAste yuddha kiyA thA, kintu vijaya ke bAda jo atyAcAra45 usane kiye unase vaha muktidAtA kI upAdhi ga~vA baiThA / kAraNa ki gaddI para baiThakara46 (44) azoka ke zilAlekha nAmaka grantha pu0 1 pR. XXXIII dekhie| (45) azoka julmI thA yaha isa bAta se siddha hotA hai| ... (56) usa samaya azoka gaddI ke adhikArI rUpa meM rAjya karatA thA yaha isase mAlUma ho sakatA hai| (I0 pU0 327 meM)

Page #25
mahArAjA samprati ke zilAlekha 16 paradezI zAsakoM ke julmoM se jinakA uddhAra kiyA thA unheM hI dAsatA kI ber3iyoM meM jakar3anA prArambha kiyA / usakA janma sAmAnya 47 sthiti meM huA thA, kintu prabala saubhAgya ke zakuna ke dvArA use yaha AzA ho gaI thI ki vaha svayaM rAjyAdhikArI hogA, kAraNa ki usane apane uddhata 4 vyavahAra se jaba rAjA nandruma 49 kA apamAna kiyA aura jisake kAraNa nandruma ne use mAra DAlane kI AjJA dI thI, usa samaya vaha apanI jAna 48 0 (47) azoka kaisA balavAn tathA bahAdura thA yaha siddha karake batA diyA hai sAtha hI bhArata para kaise AkramaNa hue haiM vaha bhI mAlUma... ho jAtA hai / (48) azoka svayaM rAjyakarttA kA jyeSTha putra nahIM thA pratyuta mAtra rAjakumAra thA isase yaha spaSTa siddha hotA hai / ( 41 ) bauddha pustakoM meM jo zrazoka ke ugrasvabhAvI hone kA varNana hai usase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai, yadi ise hI kucha dUsare rUpa meM kaheM to yoM kahA jAyagA ki azoka aisA nahIM thA jo kisI se pha~sAyA jA sake, mu~ha para hI kharA javAba dene bAlA thA, sAtha hI yadi pratipakSI sabala ho to bhI usakI ayogya mA~ga prastuta karane para " jaise ke sAtha taisA" hone meM vaha svayaM samartha hai ise khUba samajhatA thA / (10) nandruma zabda meM dvitIyA vibhakti kA prayoga hai / grIka hastalikhita bahuta sI pustakoM meM nanduma ke sthAna para alekjeDrarAma likhA hai, isase mAlUma hotA hai ki nandruma kA apamAna nahIM pratyuta alekjeyaDrama kA apamAna huA thA, sAtha hI yaha bhI prazna hotA hai ki eka bhAratIya rAjA se dUsare bhAratIya rAjA ke rAja meM usI kA paradezI rAjA kI

Page #26
20 prA0 jai0I0 dUsarA bhAga bacAne ke lie muTThI bA~dhakara bhAgA, " 51 aura thakakara jaba soyA huA thA usa samaya eka bar3A siMha AgayA thA aura usa bhage hue AdamI ke zarIra ke pasIne ko cATa rahA thA / 52 vaha jyoMhI jagA siMha ne cupacApa apanA rAstA liyA / isa ghaTanA ko zubha zakuna mAnakara vaha svayaM rAjyagaddI prApta karane ke lie utsAhita huA thA aura DAkuoM ke jhuNDa ikaTThe karake usa samaya kI rAjya sattA chAvanI meM binA kisI bolacAla hue yA binA kAraNa ke ( kAraNa ki nandruma zabda nanda kI dvitIyA vibhakti kA rUpa hai aura nanda nAma hindU rAjA kA nAma hai paradezI rAjA kA nAma nahIM ) apamAna karane kA kAraNa kyA hai ? isase yaha sAfa siddha hotA hai ki nanda ko harAkara candragupta magadha kI gaddI para zrAyA thA ise sAbita karane ke lie kUTa pITakara svecchApUrvaka hI nandruma zabda ko alekjeNDUma kara chor3A hai / (51) eka rAjya kartA ko apanI chAvanI meM salAha karane ke lie bulAnA, aura use vaha na mAne use mAra DAlane kI zrAjJA denA hI ise siddha karatA haiM ki lekjeNDara svayaM kaisA janUnI rahA hogA aura use nyAya anyAya kA kaisA vicAra rahatA rahA hogA / (52) eka manuSya vaha cAhe kaisA ho vIra kyoM na ho, jaba use salAha kI goSTI ke lie bulAyA gayA ho usa samaya to vaha Aqhira kelA hI rahegA ! phira usa samaya use sivA bhAga jAne kA upAya hI kyA ? aise kRtya sikandara ke anucita kahe jA sakate haiM ulTe mahatvA'kAMkSI svabhAva ke sthAna para use julmI svabhAva vAlA kahA jA sakatA hai, kAraNa ki sAmane ke kele manuSya ko mAra DAlanA kahA~ kI rAjanIti kahI jA sakatI hai ? grIka lekhaka apane bAdazAha ko bar3A batalAne ke lie cAhe jo vizeSaNa prayoga meM lAveM, kintu satya zodhaka to ina bAtoM se dUsarA hI kucha anumAna kareMge /

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mahArAjA samprati ke zilAlekha 21 ko ulaTa DAlane ke prayatna meM laga gayA thaa| phira usake bAda jaba sikandara ko rAjA para hamalA karane ke lie le jAnA cAhatA thA, usa samaya eka z2abaradasta jaMgalI hAthI usake sAmane AyA aura pAlatU kI bhA~ti usake pAsa Akara khar3A ho gayA 3 aura jaldI se apanI sUr3a se use uThAkara apanI pITha para baiThA liyA aura sArI senA meM use apanI pITha para baiThAkara ghUmA aura ldd'aa| isa taraha seeDokoTsa kI54 vijaya huI aura vaha bhArata para zAsana karane lgaa| isa samaya selyUkasa apane rAjya kI nIMva dRr3ha karane aura apanA adhikAra jamAne meM lagA huA thA, jisase usane pahile saba ThIka ThIka karake sandhi56 kara lI aura (53-54) aisI kisI ghaTanA ke bAre meM bauddha pustakoM meM koI lekha hai yA nahIM yaha dekhanA caahie| yadi unameM bhI azoka ke bAre meM ye hI bAteM hoM taba to azoka vahI hai siddha ho ske| (55) yaha bhI dekhanA cAhiye ki seNDokoTsa zabda kA vyutpatti pratipAdita kyA artha hai ? isakI jA~ca karanI caahie| azoka svayaM zarIra se beDaula tathA kurUpa bhI thA to aise hI kisI artha kA pratipAdaka seNDokoTsa zabda to nahIM hai ? isa sambandha meM maiM eka grIka ke acche lekhaka se milA thA kintu ve kucha vizeSa spaSTa na kara sake / (16) alekjeNDara ke bAda gaddI para baiThane vAlA grIka bAdazAha thaa| usane I0 pI0 305 meM bhArata para car3hAI kI thii| kintu magadhapati ko vijita na kara sakA thA (azoka kaisA rAjanItijJa tathA zUravIra rahA hogA yaha isase mAlUma ho jAtA hai, kyoMki nIkeTora bhI koI kamajora nahIM thA, balki sikandara ke samAna hI pratApI thA) aura sandhi ke rUpa meM apanI putrI magadha-pati ko dI thI aura pA~ca sau hAthI lekara lar3akI kI zAdI karake apane deza ke lie yahA~ se sarvadA ke lie. bidA lI thii|

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22 prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga eNTIgonasa ke sAtha apanA bala AjamAne ke lie svadeza kI ora lauttaa| __ Upara dekha cuke haiM ki seNDokoTsa candragupta nahIM balki usakA pautra azoka hai| isase do rAjya apane Age bar3hane ke lie rahe, jinakA samaya 60 varSa (57)hai| usI taraha sAre khar3ak lekhoM ke kattoM kA samaya bhI azoka ko badala kara usase 60 varSa bAda pIche khIMcakara jisa zAsana-kartA kA rAjya magadha para hogA use hI svIkAra karanA pdd'egaa| jise apane vizeSa sAkSiyoM dvArA Age isI lekha meM siddha kruuNgaa| ___ yahA~ to kevala itanA hI kaha kara santoSa karU~gA ki jaina dharma bhI isa viSaya meM aisA hI batalAtA hai| jainadharma ke parama zraddhAlu bhaktarAja ke rUpa meM do manuSyoM ke nAma prasiddha haiM, pahale mauryavaMzI samrATa samprati aura dUsare caulukya vaMzI rAjA kumArapAla, usameM bhI rAjya pradeza ke vistAra se yA jainadharma ke kAryo kI dRSTi se to kumArapAla samprati ke sAmane to kucha nahIM ke barAbara hai| samrAT samprati ne (a57) to kumArapAla rAjA kI apekSA Age bar3hakara jainadharma ke pracAra karane meM satata evaM sabala prayatna kiyA thA sAtha hI sAtoM kSetroM (mUrti, mandira, pustaka,sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA) ko uttejanA dene meM bhI apanI zakti lagAI thii| sArAMza yaha ki jainadharmAnuyAyI puruSoM meM (17) candragupta ke 24) ( kula milAkara 57 arthAt lagabhaga bindusAra ke 26 / 60 varSa kahA jA sakatA hai| azoka ke 4) (17 a) milAiye isa lekha kI TIkA naM015 ko|

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* mahArAjA samprati ke zilAlekha samrATa samprati kA sthAna sarvotkRSTa hai aura jaina unake atyanta RNI haiM; itanA hote hue bhI pro0 jaikasI ko kahanA par3atA hai (goyA ki samprati ke bAre meM bahuta sI te pada cuke haiM) ki samprati to eka kAlpanika puruSa hai| aisA hane kA kAraNa kyA hai ? mere matAnusAra to jisa taraha sara kanigarAprapanA mana pragaTa58 kiyA hai ki candragupta ke rAjya kA prArambha kAlagalakhane meM 60 varSa kI bhUla huI mAlUma hotI hai, vahI kAraNa yahA~ bhI gar3abar3I DAlane vAlA ho gayA hai| pro0 je0 ela0 kANTiyara59 ne likhA hai ki "paurANika tathA jaina granthoM meM naveM nanda kA jo varNana milatA hai vaha kisI bhI taraha unhIM rAjAoM ke DioDorana sikyulsa tathA kInTakarTIarsa ke diye hae varNana se nahIM milatA, usakA varNana jise unhoMne jaba sikandara ne bhArata para car3hAI kI thI, pATalIputra kI gaddI para thA tathA jisakA groka lekhakoM kA likhA huA seNDokoTsa ( candragupta ) purogAmI thA, batalAyA hai| ___ ina saba bAtoM se yaha to bhalI prakAra siddha ho jAtA hai ki seNDokoTsa candragupta nahIM thA pratyuta azoka thaa| aba lekha ke tIsare khaMDa para calate haiM jo agale donoM vibhAgoM kI apekSA adhika rasaprada hai| "vibhAga tIsarA" stambha lekhoM meM likhe hue pratyeka pratyeka vAkya tathA zabda unakI racanA aura azoka ke jIvana kAla ke vRttAntoM kI gUr3ha (58) dekhie pariziSTa parva aura inasAiklopIDiyA zrApha rilI. jiyansa eNDa ethiksa nAmaka pustaka ke jaina zabda kA sArA varNana / .. (56) kArapasa insakrIpzansa inDakairama prInasa VI /

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prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga chAnabIna karane ke bAda, jo kucha Aja mAnA jA rahA hai use bhalI prakAra anyathA siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai, yaha hote hue samaya aura sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa yahA~ una tamAma bAtoM meM mAtra do DhAI darjana pramANa apane kathana kI puSTi meM dUMgA aura unake vizvAsa yogya hone para Apa avazya merI bAta ko ThIka mAna leMge aisI AzA hai| (1) saba se prathama stambha lekha kyA batalAte haiM ? kisa lie "ahiMsA" aprANAtipAta ko sarvopari sthAna diyA gayA hai ? jisa krama se ye lekha likhane prArambha kiye gae haiM vaha prArambha hI batalA rahA hai ki isakA kartA jaina hI6deg honA cAhie, bauddha nhiiN| (2) zrI giranArajI kI talahaTI meM jo sudarzana nAma kA tAlAba thA usake jIrNoddhAra ke sambandha kA lekha vahA~ khudA huA hai, usakA bhASAntara pro0 piTarsana61 ne isa taraha kiyA hai "isa tAlAba ko samrATa candragupta ke samaya meM vaizyagupta62 ne khudavAyA aura usakA ghATa samrATa azoka ke samaya meM hupasa nAma ke sUbedAra ne pahalI bAra banavAyA thA, aura dUsarI bAra kA jIrNoddhAra (marammata ) priyadarzina ke samaya meM kiyA gayA hai|" (60) dekhie iNDiyana eNTIkarI 1914 mahAvIra kA samaya nAmaka lekha (tInoM bhAgoM meM ) / (61) ahiMsAtatva ko jaisA mahatva jainadharma meM diyA gayA hai, vaisA aura kisI bhI dharma meM diyA gayA hai, aisA siddha honA asambhava hai| (62) dekhie bhAvanagara zilAlekha saMskRta aura prAkRta pR0 20 /

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mahArAjA samprati ke zilAlekha isa kathana meM tIna rAjya kAla (63a) kA sUcana huA hai, eka candragupta dUsarA azoka aura tIsarA priyadarzina / isase siddha hotA hai ki azoka aura priyadarzina do bhinna-bhinna manuSya haiN| aise zilAlekha rUpa pramANa se adhika prAmANika sabUta kyA ho sakatA hai ? isa para bhI pro0 jaikovI samprati64 ko kAlpanika vyakti kahane ko prastuta hue haiN| (3) ukta sudarzana ke lekha ke bAre meM bAdazAhata ke bAre meM likhate hue pro0 piTarsana likhate haiM ki "usa rAjyavaMzIya puruSa ko janmakAla se lekara uttarottara samRddhi hI varaNa karatI rahI" vizeSaNa rUpa se vyavahRta ye zabda jaina samrATa samprati ufe priyadarzina ke hI lie haiM, kyA yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jisane mAtra 6 yA 10 mAsa ke bAlakapana meM hIgaddI prApta kIthI? (63) magadhapati candragupta ke rAjya kA vistAra kahA~ taka thA isa se jAnA sakatA hai| (prazna:-kauTilya arthAt cANakya, jo candragupta ke mukhya mantrI pada para thA, usakA nAma biSNugupta thA, usakA isa vyakti se kyA koI sambandha ho sakatA hai ? kAraNa ki aisA bar3A tAlAba banavAnA usake jaise sAdhana vAle puruSa kA hI to kAma nahIM rahA hogA ? kintu mUla lipi kI jAMca karate hue to vaizyagupta hI likhA huA spaSTa dekha par3atA hai| yA aba taka cANakya kA jo viSNugupta nAma jAnA gayA hai vaizyagupta hI to nahIM hai| ho sakatA hai donoM eka hI vyakti hoM yA vaizyagupta dUsarA hI koI ho / ) (63) isake lie lekha ke anta kA pariziSTa dekhie / (64) samprati hI priyadarzina hai isake lie dekhie pramANa 3, 5, 15, 25, 27, 28, aura 30 /

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16 prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga (4) pro0 rA0 go0 bhAMDArakara65 likhate haiM ki "rAjA samprati kI Ayu mAtra 10 dina kI thI tabhI vaha gaddI para baiThAyA gayA" daza divasa ke sthAna para 10 mAsa likhanA cAhie thaa| kintu isase itanA to phala nikAla hI sakate haiM ki samprati jaba ekadama bAlaka thA tabhI gaddIpati ghoSita kiyA gayA thA / (65) aisA jJAta hotA hai ki66 magadha kI gaddI para eka zreNika rAjA huA thA usake bAda satrahavAM rAjA samprati67 huA hai / usa kA rAjya kAla mahAvIra saM0 238 (I0 pU0 286 se prArambha huA hai (jisa samaya azoka kA antakAla AyA thA)68 isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki samrATa azoka ke bAda pATaliputra kA samprati hI rAjyAdhikArI huA thaa| (6) karnala TADa69 likhate haiM ki "samprati kA rAjyakAla I0 pU0 303, 4 meM zurU huA arthAt samrAT samprati kA janma I0 pU0 304 meM huA thA aura 10 mAza ke bAda gaddIpati huA thA aura pandrahaveM varSa I0 pU0 260, 88 meM usakA rAjyAbhiSeka kAla mAnA jA sakatA hai| (7) stambha lekhoM meM likhA hai ki 70 jisa samaya samrATa priyadarzana kA rAjya kAla cala rahA thA usa samaya grIka sAmrAjya (65) dekhie-zrIbhANDArakara kI riporTa VI 1883-4 pR0 135 (66) dekhie-iNDiyana eNTIkverI pu0 11 pR0 246 / (67) dekhie-zizunAga vaMza kI vaMzAvalI vAlA merA lekha / (68) Upara pR0 meM "ka" tathA nIce ke pairAgrApha 24 dekhie / (61) karnala TADa kA rAjasthAna dvitIya saMskaraNa / (70) dekhie-stambha lekha naM0 2 tathA 13

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mahArAjA samprati ke zilAlekha 27 ke71 5 Tukar3e ho gae the, jo nAma una meM likhe gae haiM, una pA~coM ke nAmoM se yUropIya vidvAna una kA rAjya kAla nimna likhita andAja kiye hue haiN| (1) I0 pU0 261 se 246 taka (2) I0 pU0 285 se 247 taka (3) I0 pU0 278 se 242 taka (4) I0 pU0 256 aura (5) I0 pU0 272 se 254 taka staMbha lekhoM ke khudavAye jAne kA samaya bhale hI kucha pIche ho kintu una meM yaha to spaSTa likhA huA hai ki uparokta ghaTanA (zilA lekhoM kI) priya darzana rAjA ne apane rAjagaddI para baiThane ke ATha varSa bAda kaliMga deza jIta liyA thA aura usake pUrva kI hI hai / aba jo azoka aura priyadarzana eka hI vyakti ho to I0 pU0 325-8 meM azoka kA rAjyAbhiSeka huA hai usa hisAba se I0 pU0 317 kA72 AtA hai aura use dekhate hue to Upara ke __ zrI rA. bhANDArakara apanI samrATa azoka nAmaka pustaka pR0 156 meM likhate haiM ki hindustAna ke bAhara bauddha dharma kA vistAra azoka ke rAjyakAla ( R. E.SXIII ) meM hazrA hai isa viSaya meM vidvAnoM ko bhI zaMkA hai| phira (pR. 158) likhate haiM ki tisa para bhI grIka logoM ne bauddha dharma tathA hinda ke dUsare dharmoM ko svIkAra kiyA ho, aise bahuta se pramANa ( dekhie-iNDiyana eNTIvarI 1611 pR0 11-3) pustakoM meM tathA zilA lekhoM meM milate haiN| (71) pR0 ke mere 27 veM pramANa se milAiye tathA pR0 ke pramANa 28 veM ko bhI milAiye / sIlona kA rAjA tisA (I0 pU0 247-207) bhI azoka kA samakAlIna thA aisA likhA hai, phira isa sAla ke sAtha usakA mela kahA~ khAtA hai| milAiye isa lekha kI TippaNI naM. 127 se| (72) dekhie-nirNaya va pR0 para azoka ke varSoM kI gnnnaa|

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prA0 je0 i0 dUsarA bhAga pA~ca sAloM meM se kisI se bhI koI mela nahIM milatA pratyuta usa ke viruddha 50-60 varSa pahale calA jAtA hai / isase yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki priyadarzana aura azoka do vyakti haiM / ( 5 ) janarala sara kaniMgahama 3 kA mata hai ki "zilAlekhoM tathA stambha lekhoM meM likhe hue priyadarzana rAjA ke azoka hone ke bAre meM pro0 vilsana aMta taka nizcita nahIM kara pAye the / " purAtatva ke aise pracaMDa abhyAsI vyakti kA jaba aisA mata hai usa samaya priyadarzana azoka hI hai yaha nizcaya pUrvaka kaha dene meM adhika nahIM to kucha kucha kaThinAI to hogI / ( 6 ) rUpanAtha, vairATa aura sahasrAma ke lekhoM meM74 256 kA aGka hai jinakA vartamAna lipi jJAtAoM ne yaha artha kiyA hai ki " pUjA meM 256 rAtri bIta jAne ke bAda" kintu ThIka artha yaha ki " sadmat ke deva pAne ke bAda 256 veM varSa meM" yaha artha to abhI thor3e hI kAla se mAnA jAne lagA hai isake pahale to pahalA hI artha mAnA jAtA thA / (73) ko0 inskrIpzansa iNDIkerama pR0 4 (74) dekhie - iNDiyana eNTIkverI 1914 pR0 173, DA0 bulahara iNDiyana eNTIkverI VI pR0 146 aura zrAge; DITo0 22 pR0 266 aura zrAge; ethIgrAfikA iNDIkA III pR0 134 aura Age; DA0 plITa ja0 rA0 e0 so0 1904 pR0 1 vagairaha ina saba meM yaha likhA hai ki siddhapura, sahasrAma tathA rUpanAtha ke zilAlekhoM meM jo 256 kA zraGka hai usase buddha nirvANa ke vAda 256 varSa samajhanA / isa bAta ko DA0 F. W. thomsa ne eka dama g2alata siddha kara diyA hai /

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26 mahArAjA samprati ke zilAlekha pro0 hulTaza likhate haiM75 "ki unhoMne kisa lie ( unakI mAnyatA lekha khudavAne vAlA azoka hai isaliye azoka ko likhA hai) yaha 256 kA aGka vyavahRta kiyA hai, aba taka yaha nahIM jAnA jA sakA hai" phira svayaM likhate haiM ki DA0 plITa sAhaba ne jo yaha likhA hai ki (ja0 sa0 e0 so0 1610 pR0 131-7) buddha nirvANa ke bAda 256 varSa bIta gayA thA, isalie 256 rAtri pUjA kI hai, isa sUcanA ke sAtha maiM kisI bhI bhA~ti sahamata nahIM huuN| aba jo 256 ke aMka ko buddha saM0 ke rUpa meM mAna leM to buddha kA svargavAsa I0 pU0 520 hai, usa hisAba se bhI (520256) 264 arthAt azoka kI mRtyu ke 6 varSe bAda kA kAla AtA hai aura buddha ke nivANa ke hisAba se (544-256) I0 yU0 288 athAt azoka ke rAjya bhAra chor3a dene kA kAla AtA hai| isase yaha spaSTa siddha hai ki zilA lekhoM tathA stambha lakhoM ke sAtha azoka kA koI sambandha hI nahIM hai| (75) inskrIpzansa zrAfa azoka pu0 1 pR. XLVII (76) bAta yaha hai ki priyadarzana rAjA ko gaddI para baiThe 32 // varSa (30 + 23 aDhItisAni dekhie rUpanAtha kA lekha) hue the, usa samaya arthAt I0 pU0 (303-32 // ) 270 ke sAla meM usane ye lekha khudavAe the| aura usake isa khudavAne kA kAraNa thA / aura IsA pUrva 270 arthAt mahAvIra saMvat 256 kA sAla / svayaM jainadharmI hone ke kAraNa usane mahAvIra saMvat kA upayoga kiyA thaa| (77 ) dekhie-pR0 (I) / (78) nIce ke pramANa naM0 10 ko dekhie /

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prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga (10) rUpanAtha, vairAT tathA sahasrAma ke lekha79 bhI samrATa priyadarzana ke haiM, yaha pro0 pizala kA mata hai| inake mUla lekha kA anuvAda karate hue DAkTara vulahara apanI alaga sammati pragaTa karate haiM, tisa para bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki pro0 rIja Devisa jo prathama 256 ke sAla kA nirNaya nahIM kara pAye the, bar3e zodha ke bAda pro0 pizala ke mata para pahu~ce the| (11) nAgArjuna kI guphA ke lekhoM meM samrATa azoka ke pautra tathA usake bAda tAtkAlika gaddI para baiThane vAle ke rUpa meM devAnAM priyadazaratha 0 kA nAma likhA hai, isase bhI nizcita sA ho jAtA hai ki azoka ke bAda gaddI para baiThane vAlA 1 priyadarzana 2 gajA hI thA aura usI ne guphA ke bhItara lekha khudavAye haiM aura usakA dUsarA nAma dazaratha thaa| (12) mahAvaMza yA dIpavaMza jaise sarva mAnya bauddha granthoM meM kahIM bhI yavana rAjA kA nAma taka diyA huA nahIM milatA 3 (76) iNDinaeNTIkverI pu0 7 pR0 142 isake mUla lekhaka pro. pizala haiM kintu DA0 bulahara ne isakA anuvAda karake chapAyA hai / (80) dekhie-pro0 hulTaza kRta "azoka ke zilAlekha" bhAga 1 prastAvanA pR0 XXV aura XXVIII vizeSa ke lie dekhie TIkA naM0 123 ba pR0 (2) dekhie pR0 meM pramANa naM0 24 + (82) dekhie-pR0 meM pramANa pA~cavA~ / (83) ( dekhie-20 bhANDArakara pR0 164) grIka rAjya ke pradeza meM kisI bhI bauddha bhikSu ne jAkara dharma kA upadeza kiyA ho, yaha kahIM bhI likhA nahIM hai / ( vahI pu0 pR0 156)

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mahArAjA samprati ke zilAlekha 31 DA0 vInseMTa smitha isa abhAva kA kAraNa 4 yaha batalAte haiM ki ye pustakeM I0 kI pA~cavIM aura chaThI zatAbdI meM likhI gaI haiM, yA to isa kAraNa se inake lekhaka unheM bhUla gae, yA una dezoM ke nAmoM kA tAtkAlika nAmoM se patA na lagane ke kAraNa ( isa bIca meM lagabhaga 800 varSa kA samaya bIta cukA thA isase ) - una kA nirdeza ina pustakoM meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai / kyA yaha bAta mAnI jA sake aisI hai ? ki bauddha loga jo jaina dharma vAloM ko apane se pAkhaNDa mata ke mAne aura ve apane dharma ke pradhAna mAnya granthoM dIpavaMza aura mahAvaMza jaise granthoM meM lekhaka, yaha likhanA hI bhUla jAya~ ki jisa bAta ke dvArA saMsAra ke jAnane se unake dharma ke gaurava kI vizeSa vRddhi hotI ho, yaha bAta kaThina hai| asala meM bAta to yaha hai ki maurya vaMzIya rAjAoM meM kevala azoka hI bauddha dharmI thA aura usane ina prAntoM meM na to kabhI koI dharmopadezaka bhejA inase sambandha hI thA / 85 aura na usakA ( 84 ) iNDiyana eNTIkka erI pu0 34 pR0 183 / (85) ( dekhiye iNDiyana eNTIkverI pu0 34 pR0 181 ) iti - hAsa ke pramANa dekhate hue to ( yahA~ sAre prAntoM kA vibhAga karake nAma kiyA hai ) dakSiNa hinda ke svatantra rAjya jaise cola, pAMDyA, satyaputra tathA kerala putra tathA pAMca bhavana rAjya ( zilA lekhoMke ) kisI kA bhI patA nahIM lagatA / itanA batalA denA bar3A hI Avazyaka hai ki Aja kA deza sudhArA huA tathA saMskRta pradeza ( zrAryadeza ) varnA I0 kI tIsarI cautho zatAbdI taka vidhyAcala ke Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat kala hI dakSiNa ginA jAtA hai, dakSiNa ke sAre www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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32 prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga (13) pA~caveM stambha lekha meM samrATa priyadarzina kA pATalIputra zahara meM tathA anya zaharoM meM usake bhAI, bahina tathA anya kauTambika logoM kA honA batalAyA hai| idhara azoka ke lie ThIka isake viruddha bAta batalAI jAtI hai, kahA jAtA hai ki usane gaddI para baiThate hI apane rAjyAbhiSeka ke pUrva hI kevala eka bhAI ko chor3a kara dUsare sAre bhAI bandhuoM ko katla kara DAlA thA, jisase vaha apanA rAjya niSkaMTaka hokara kara sake / idhara rAjA priyadarzana ke putra tathA dUsarI rAniyoM ke peTa se bhI putroM kA ullekha dillI, ToparA ke stambhalekha naM07 meM bhI kiyA hai| ina saba bAtoM se to yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye kRtiyA~ azoka kI nahIM 1 / (14) grIka lekhaka mi0 jasTIna ke matAnusAra seNDokoTsa arthAt candragupta kA zAsana julmI 6 thA, jaba ki bhAratIya itihAsa se yaha bAta kisI bhI bhA~ti pramANita nahIM hotii| isa kathana se hI sthiti sAdRzya samajhAyA jA sakatA hai ki misTara jasTika tathA mi0 sTrevo ne yorapa ke purAtatva vizAradoM ne seNDrokoTsa ko candragupta samajhA kara kisa bhA~ti bhrama meM DAlA pradeza anArya pradeza hI mAne jAte the| usase hI jaise aphagAnistAna, IrAna, araba, grIsa, sIriyA Adi dezoM meM rAjA priyadarzina kA apane dharmopadezakoM kA bhejanA likhA hai, vaise hI dakSiNa ke anArya dezoM meM bhI bhejane kA jikra hai| (86) dekhie kembrija hisTrI Aphna iNDiyA pu0 1 pR0 473 tathA pR0 meM TIkA nN045| ..... . ... ::

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha isake badale yadi hama seMDU koTsa ko azoka 7 mAna leM (jaisA ki hama Upara siddha kara cuke haiM) to saba bAtoM kA ThIka silasilA jama jAtA hai| (15) zilAlekhoM ke nIce meM zabda jahA~-tahA~ kAma meM lAe gae haiM, inase siddha hotA hai ki inakA kartA custa bauddha (azoka ) hone kI apekSA adhikAMza meM kaTTara jaina hI honA cAhie (priyadarzina urpha saMprati ) / - (a) anAraMbha (zilAlekha naM. 3, giranAra ke lekha, iMDi0 aiMTi0 pustaka 37, pR. 24) jaina dharma meM sAMsArika kArya kA prArambha karane ke liye hamezA prativandha kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki isa samagra kArya meM hiMsArUpa pApakarma kA jo upArjana hotA hai, usakA bhoktA Adi pravartaka hI mAnA jAtA hai aura hiMsA se nivRtta honA hI jaina dharma kA prathama sUtra hai| (ba) maMgalaM+dharma upasarga=dharmamaMgalaM (zi0 le0 naM. 6) -ye donoM zabda alaga-alaga yA ekatra rUpa se jaina dharma meM stuti, pada, saMjhAya athavA sUtra ke anta meM sAmAnya rUpa se kAma meM Ate haiM aura kahIM-kahIM zubha zakuna ke rUpa meM prArambha meM bhI inakA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / (87) Upara ke pairA naM. 14 ke varNana se tulanA karane para tathA usase saMbaddha pAdaTIkA se seMDra koTsa hI azoka hai, yaha bAta siddha ho skegii| (87 a) dekhie, isa lekha kA antima phuTanoTa /

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prA0 jai0 0 i0 bUsarA bhAga (ka) devanapriya '7 ( sabhI lekhoM meM likhA gayA hai ) - isa zabda kA upayoga bahudhA jaina sAdhu mahArAja, kisI bhakta jana ko ( zreSThi yA rAjyaparivAra athavA koI ucca padAdhikArI ho to to ) upadeza dete athavA saMbodhana karate samaya hI sAmAnya rUpa se hamezA karate Ae haiM aura Aja bhI karate haiM / Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ( u ) svAmitA ( giranAra lekha naM0 3 ) - pro0 pITarsana sAhaba ne isakA artha svajAtijana kI rakSA karanA kiyA hai, jise 'svAmivAtsalyatA' kA nAma de diyA gayA hai| jaina sAMpra* dAyika zAstroM meM jina inI ginI vastuoM ko vizeSa mahattva prApta huA hai unameM isa "svAmivAtsalyatA" kA bhI samAveza kiyA jA sakatA hai / isase bhI yahI patA lagatA hai ki unakA likhAnevAlA jaina hI hai| dUsare isa zabda kA astitva bhI bauddha dharma meM saMbhava nahIM hai / kyoMki unameM to bhikSuka ( monk ) aura bhakSikA ( Nun ) ina donoM kA milAkara 'dvividha saMgha " hI hai / arthAt jaba zrAvaka aura zrAvikA to unameM haiM hI nahIM, to phira 'svAmivAtsalyatA' kisa prakAra saMbhava hai ? 'mUlaM nAsta kutaH zAkhA' ? jaba jaina dharma meM to caturvidha saMgha kahA hai (jinameM sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA ina cAroM kA samAveza hotA hai ) / ( 87 ba ) pati-patnI bhI eka dUsare ko saMbodhana karate samaya 'devAnAMpriya' aura 'devAnupriye' zabda kA upayoga kara sakate haiM / (dekhiye, kalpasUtra kI sukhabodhinI TIkA, pRSTha 47 ) / (8) dekhiye, "bhAvanagara ke prAcIna tathA saMskRta zilAlekha " nAmaka pustaka | :) (8) isa truTi yukta saMgaThana ke kAraNa hI ( zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha 35 (i) pAkhaNDa (zilAlekha naM0 13)-pro0 eca0 eca0 vilsana sAhaba jora dekara batalAte haiM ki yaha zabda bauddha dharma kA ho hI nahIM sktaa| (ka) 'zveta' (zilAlekha naM0 13) zabda bhI jaina saMpradAya kA hai| yadi isakA artha 'zvetAmbara saMpradAya' kiyA jAya to rAjA saMprati urpha priyadarzina ke guru Arya suhasti91 ke samaya meM jaina dharma ke do mukhya vibhAga karane kI taiyArI ho rahI thI-una donoM ke nAma92 Ajakala vikhyAta hI haiM'zvetAmbara aura digNbr'| inameM bhI saMprati rAjA zvetAMbara pantha ke anuyAyI the / athavA dUsarA artha zveta= sapheda ko saMgha ke aMgabhUta nahIM mAnA gayA, isI se) khAsakara bauddha dharma kI avanati hone kI bAta DA. barajesa aura DA. phagryusana sAhaba bhI mAnate haiN| (10) ja0 rA0 e0 so0, pu. 12 pRSTha 236 / (11) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dazama paTTa (pIr3hI) meM ye sUrijI hue haiN| inakA sUri pada mahAvIra saMvat 217 se 262 taka thaa| inake bar3e bhAI (gRhasthAvasthA evaM dIkSA meM) Arya mahAgirijI ke ma. saM0 246 meM svargavAsI hone para saMgha kA bhAra inhIM ko bahana karanA par3A thaa| (12) zvetAmbara arthAt sapheda kapar3e pahananevAle aura digambara (didizA rUpI kapar3e dhAraNa karanevAle arthAt jo nagnAvasthA meM rahate haiN)| (63) Arya mahAgiri jI bar3e the aura prArya suhastI sUrijI choTe / mahAgiri jI svayaM jina kalpita prAcAra kA pAlana karAne ke himAyatI

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prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga hAthI 94 bhI kiyA jAtA hai| (pro0 pherja sAhaba kA mata aura) isakA tAtparya yaha batalAtA hai ki jaba bhagavAna buddha95 svarga se cyuta hokara apanI mAtA ke udara-garbha meM Ae taba svapna meM unakI mAtA ne sapheda hAthI ko apane mukha meM praveza karate hue dekhA thaa| (pro0 pheja sAhaba isa prasaGga ko buddha bhagavAn ke sambandha hone para bhI digambara mata ke kahe jA sakate haiN| kintu khAsa digambara mata to unake kaI varSa bAda sthApita huA hai; para prArambha unake samaya se hI mAnA jA sakatA hai, jaba ki Arya suhasti jI samaya ke anusAra rUr3hi ko badala denevAloM meM se hone ke kAraNa zvetAmbara sthiti meM hI rahe aura saMprati rAjA svataH bhI inheM guru mAnate the / (64) jaina pustakeM batalAtI haiM ki ( kalpasUtra, sugvabodhinI TIkA, pRSTa 58 ) jaba kisI tIrthaGkara kA jIva mAtA ke udara meM garbha rUpa meM zrAtA hai taba vaha caudaha svapna dekhatI hai| cakravartI kI mAtA bhI caudaha, vAsudeva kI mAtA sAta aura baladeva kI mAtA cAra tathA prati vAsudeva kI mAtA bhI cAra evaM kisI bar3e mAMDalika kI mAtA eka svapna dekhatI hai| (ina caudaha meM se Upara kI kisI bhI saMkhyA meM svapna dekhe, kramabaddha saMkhyAoM meM hI svapna dekhane kI koI bAta nahIM hai )[ isI lekha kI pAdaTIkA naM0 2 dekhie / (65) adhika saMbhava to yaha jAna par3atA hai ki rAjA saMprati jaba apanI mAtA ke garbha meM pAe hoMge taba 'zveta hastin' ko aAkAza se utarakara apane mukha dvArA zarIra meM praviSTa hote hue usane dekhA hogA; isI se usane yaha sUcita kiyA hogA ki Age calakara yaha jIva kaisA niklegaa| aura jaba usakA yathArtha prabhAva vidita huA taba rAjA saMprati ne zilAlekhoM meM 'hastin' kI prAkRti ko pahacAnA ho| [ isI lekha kI pAdadIkA naM0 1 dekhie|]

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37 : mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha meM prayukta karate haiM / kintu yadi yaha bAta isI rUpa meM ho bhI to bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sambandha meM hI yaha adhika sambhava jAna par3atI hai / jina caudaha svapnoM ko samasta tIrthaGkaroM kI mAtAe~ garbha-saMkramaNa ke samaya dekhatI haiM (aura jinameM prathama zveta hastI hai ) ve jaina dharma meM suvidita hI haiM / ( isI prakAra paryuSaNa parva ke samaya nagara-nagara aura grAma grAma ke upAzrayoM meM bhAdrapada zukla pratipadA ke dina bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 'janma vAMcana' samaya darzana ke liye prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, tathA rathayAtrA ke julUsa ke sAtha bhI zrAvikAe~ apane sira para rakhakara naMge paira calatI haiM / ) kintu bhagavAn buddha kI mAtA ko ye svapna dikhAI diye the yA nahIM, yaha zaMkAspada hI hai / (ga) saMbodhimayAya ( zilAlekha naM0 8 ) - isa zabda kA artha vijJa janoM ne yaha kiyA hai ki "jisa vRkSa ke nIce bhagavAn buddha ko sarvotkRSTa jJAna kI prApti huI thI, usa bodhivRkSa ke nIce - chAyA meM jAkara"; kintu yaha bhAvArtha asaMgata hai, jo ki usake svarUpa para se hI kahA jA sakatA hai / lekina isI ke sAtha-sAtha ve yaha bhI svIkAra karate haiM ki sabhI zilAlekhoM meM yadi kisI zabda kA artha karane meM sabase adhika kaThinAI hotI hoM to vaha kevala yahI zabda hai / kintu jaina dharma meM to yaha zabda atyanta sAdhAraNa aura nirantara upayoga meM AnevAlA kahA jA sakatA hai aura isakA artha "samyaktva prApti = saMpUrNa zraddhA, samyag darzana" hotA hai / (16) bhAtrA zilAlekha ke - jise vairAT kA dvitIya zilAlekha bhI kahA jAtA haiM - Arambha meM hI azoka ko buddha 96 (16) de0 rA0 bhAMDArakara-kRta rAjA azoka, pR0 73 | :

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E8 prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga main bhagavAna, dharma aura saMgha ke prati bhaktibhAva prakaTa karanevAlA likhA hai| jisa prakAra bauddha dharma meM tripadI kA svarUpa varNana kiyA gayA hai, usase bhale hI kacha vidvAn isa artha se sahamata ho sakate hoM, kintu yadi yahI artha kiyA jAtA ho to usI lekha meM Age kI paMktiyoM se usakA sambandha kyoM nahIM jur3atA? sAtha hI zilAlekhoM evaM staMbhalekhoM meM jisa dharma kA nirUpaNa hai vaha kisI bhI rUpa meM bauddha dharma nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra DA0 phlITa ko anta taka vizvAsa thA, kyoMki unameM kahIM bhI "buddha" zabda likhA huA dekhane meM nahIM paataa| isI prakAra "saMgha" zabda bhI kevala eka hI bAra AyA hai, aura vaha bhI aise eka tarapha kone meM ki jise itanA mahattva hI nahIM diyA jA sktaa| jaisI tripadI kA Upara nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, vaisI hI jaina saMpradAya meM bhI "sudeva, suguru, sudharma" ina tIna tattvoM se banI huI ratnatrayam' kahalAtI hai| sAtha hI samyak darzana-samyaktvaprApti = bodhi-cIja kI prApti ke liye prAthamika AvazyakatA yA pahalI sIr3hI ke rUpa meM usakI gaNanA kI gaI hai| (17) pro hulTaza sAhaba kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki staMbhalekha 97 naM03 meM jo malina vikRti ke svarUpa aura manovikAra tathA zrAva [(pApa) Asi navagAminI jAtam ] kI TippaNI dI gaI hai, usakA aura bauddha dharma meM varNita 'Asiva' evaM 'kleza' kA koI mela nahIM baitthtaa| (67) dekhie iMskripazana kAraporam iMDikeram pustaka prathama, jainadharma meM 18 pApa sthAnaka varNana kie gae haiM-(1 prANAtipAta, 2 mRSAvAda, 3 adattAdAna, 4 maithuna, 5 parigraha, 6 krodha, 7 mAna, 8 mAyA, 6 lobha, 1. rAga, 11 duSa, 12 kalaha, 13 abhyAkhyAna, 14 paizunya, 15 ratiarati, 16 para-parivAda, 17 mAvAmRpAvAda, 18 mithyAtvazalya / )

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha (18) sAMprata kAla meM jisa prakAra manuSya-kalyANa ke lie auSadhAlaya aura pazu-kalyANa ke lie piMjarApola khule hue hai, usI prakAra kI dvividha saMsthAe~ rAjA priyadarzin dvArA sthApita kI jAne kA ullekha jisa zilAlekha meM milatA hai, vaha bhI yahI siddha karatA hai ki azoka ( athavA zilAlekha kA kartA) svataH bauddha nahIM varan jaina hI thA aura jo sAhitya Aja bauddha dharma meM astitva rakhatA hai, usake anusAra azoka kA caritra bhI isa taraha kA nahIM hai| isaliye yaha bAta nirvivAda siddha hotI hai ki ve saba kRtiyA~ azoka kI nahIM, varan anya puruSa aura vaha bhI jaina dharmAnuyAyI priyadarzin kI haiN| (16) devavimAna hasthin agniskaMdha Adi ke dRzya98 prajA ko Ananda dene ke nimitta rAjA priyadarzin ne dikhAne kI vyavasthA kI thI99 / isakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai ki jina 14 svapnoM kI bAta hama Upara (pairA naM014 meM) dikhalA cuke haiM, unhIM se yaha sambandha rakhatI hai| jisa prakAra zrAvakoM ko usake darzana karAe jAte haiM, usI prakAra rAjA priyadarzin ne bhI sArI prajA kA usakA darzana karAne kI yojanA kI hogii| isameM bhI do uddezya garbhita jAna par3ate haiN| prathama to yaha ki logoM kA manoraMjana ho aura samaya kA sadupayoga ho sake tathA (18) caudaha svapnoM ke nAma ( kalpasUtra-sukhabodhinI TIkA, pR0 10)-hAthI, vRSabha (baila ), siMha, lacamI mAtA, puSpamAlA, candra, sUrya, dhvajA, kalaza, padmasarovara, samudra (kSIrasAgara ), vimAna athavA bhuvana, ratnarAzi tathA agnizikhA (isa para TIkA naM.5 dekhie)| (16) dekhie, zilAlekha naM. 4 /

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: prA0 jai0 I0 dUsarA bhAga ThAle baiThakara loga durguNoM meM pravRtta hone se baceM aura dUsarA pradhAna hetu yaha ki apane dharma ke viSaya meM logoM meM zraddhA utpanna ho| - (20) staMbhalekha naM05 meM pakSiyoM ke vadha, jalacara prANiyoM ke zikAra tathA godhAoM ko khassI karane Adi aneka prakAra kI hiMsA ke liye niSedha karanevAle jina chappana dinoM100 kI gaNanA karAI gaI hai ( jaise ki cAturmAsi posaha 01 zrAdi) ve saba jaina dharma kA hI mahattva sUcita karane vAle haiN| kyoMki jaina dharma meM aSTamI tathA caturdazI kA jaisA mAhAtmya mAnA jAtA hai, vaisA na to bauddha dharma meM hai aura na brAhmaNa dharma meM 102 / isI prakAra bAraha mahIne kI tIna RtuoM ke anta meM ATha-ATha dina kI aTThAI, jise cAturmAsa kahA jAtA hai (jisa prakAra ki kAtika comAsA, phAlguna caumAsA aura ASAr3ha caumAsA), pUrNataH prasiddha hai| isake atirikta AyaMbila ko do paMktiyA~ (100) samrATa akabara aura hIravijaya sUri nAmaka grantha meM jina dinoM meM hiMsA na karane viSayaka pharmAna sUri mahArAja ne samrATa akabara se prApta kiyA thA, una dinoM ke sAtha milAna kIjie ( zAhI pharmAna chaH prApta kie haiM ve ) tathA vairATa nagara ke pArzvanAtha maMdira meM ke zilAlekha meM 106 dina (zrA~. lA~. sarve, vesTarna sarkala, kaniMgaham ) 2610; prAcIna jaina lekha-saMgraha bhAga dUsarA khaNDa tIsarA, naM0 376 / (101) dekhie zilAlekha naM0 2 / - (102) merI samajha se brAhmaNa dharma meM caturdarzI kI apekSA ekAdazI kA mAhAtmya hI vizeSa mAnA jAtA hai| bauddha dharma meM kauna sI tithi hai, yaha maiM nahIM jaantaa| kintu yaha to nizcita hI hai ki jainadharma kI mAnyatA se vaha sarvathA bhiza hI hogaa|

Page #47
mahArAjA samprati ke zilAlekha 41 (oliyA~) AtI haiM ( Azvina aura caitra mAsa meM ) tathA yUSaNa parva kI aThAI bhI AtI hai / ye saba jaina dharma ke pavitra dina mAne jAte haiM aura ina dinoM meM kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA hone se rokane kA prayatna karanA Avazyaka hai tathA yaha jaina dharma ke bhakta priyadarzin rAjA kA prathama kartavya mAnA jA sakatA hai / (21) nIce likhe zabda jaina dharma ke hI pAribhASika zabda haiM - pacapagamana 103 [ saMskRta zabda pratyupagamana ] ( staMbhalekha naM0 6 ) kalyANa aura pApa ina do zabdoM ke artha kA antara ( zilAlekha naM0 5 ) paMcaguti 104 [ vAcAgupti athavA, vacanagupti ] ( zilAlekha naM0 12 tathA 7 ) tathA ina zabdoM ke sthAna para 'saMyama' aura 'bhAvazuddhi' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, Asinava [ zrava ] ( zilAlekha naM0 10, stambhalekha naM0 2 ) samavAya ( zilAlekha naM0 12 ) nijhapayi santi ( staMbhalekha 4 ) bhadaMta ( bAbhrA lekha ) therA 105 [ de0 rA0 bhAMDArakara, pRSTha 68 ] ye zabda ' 106 anya dharmoM meM upayoga meM Ate nahIM dikhAI dete / (22) sinava (Azrava ) pApa prANa, bhUta, jIva, satta Adi sabhI samAnArthI zabdoM kI jor3I ke viSaya meM bhI de0 rA0 ( 103 ) " pratikramaNa " zabda ke sAtha milAna kIjie / ( 104 ) ATha pravacana mAtAe~ ginAI gaI haiM - pA~ca samiti + tIna gupti = ATha / inameM tIna gujhiyoM ke nAma haiM managupti, vacanagupti aura kAyati / 197 ( 105 ) bauddha dharma meM bhituka zabda kA prayoga hotA haibhAMDArakara - kRta azoka, pR0 18 / 0 rA0 ( 106 ) pairA 21 meM batalAe hue isa zabda ke artha kA sASTIkaraNa karane kA yaha sthAna nahIM hai|

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prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga bhAMDArakara kahate haiM ki 100 isa vicitra 'sina' zabda (staMbhalekha naM0 3 ) kA artha kyA hogA / senArTa sAhaba ne use 'pApa' zabda ke sAtha jor3akara kyoM likhA hogA ? bauddha darzana - zAstra meM pApa aura Azrava ina do zabdoM kA bheda kahIM bhI batalAyA nahIM gayA / isI prakAra prANa aura bhUta ke bIca kA bheda bhI kahIM varNana nahIM kiyA gayA hai / kintu jaina darzana meM ina saba zabdoM ke bIca kA antara bhalI bhA~ti samajhAyA gayA hai| sAtha hI 'jIva' aura 'satta' viSayaka bheda bhI samajhAyA gayA hai / isase spaSTa prakaTa hotA hai ki ye saba zabda jaina-sAmpradAyika haiM aura isaliye inakA likhavAnevAlA jaina honA cAhie / 42 (23) pro0 hulTza sAhaba yoM nivedana karate haiM ki bauddhamata kI tatvadyA meM devavidyA aura AtmavidyA-viSayaka jo vikAsakrama batalAyA gayA hai, usameM aura zilAlekhoM kI lipi meM 'dhammapada' 1108 viSayaka jo vikAsakrama likhA gayA hai atyadhika antara hai / unameM 'nirvANa' ke sadRza koI siddhAnta hI dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / kintu isa saMsAra meM acche kArya kie jAne se unake phala-svarUpa dUsare janma meM vizeSa sukha 109 milane viSayaka hindU dharma kA jo sAmAnya siddhAnta hai, usI se milatA ( 107 ) dekhie, de0 rA0 bhAMDArakara kRta " azoka" nAma kI pustaka, pRSTha 127, 128, 130 / ( 108 ) kora0 iMskripzan iDike0, pu0 1 ( azoka ke zilAlekha ), pR0 XLVII. ( 103 ) dekhie, zilAlekha naM0 6, 10, 11 aura 13; dhaulI ke lekha naM0 1 aura 2; staMbhalekha naM0 1, 3, 4 aura 7 /

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha 43 julatA hI bauddha dharma kA siddhAnta bhI hai| kintu azoka ne to dUsare janma meM sukha prApta hone kI bAta likhane ke badale bAraMbAra 'svarga'110 zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / aura dhammapada, svarga tathA nirvANa kA bhinna bhinna arthoM meM prayoga kiyA hai / yadi kisI bhI darzana meM svarga ( devaloka jahA~ jIva ko sIdhA mokSa prApta ho hI nahIM sakatA aura saMsAra-bhramaNa zeSa raha jAtA hai) aura mokSa ( jahA~ jAne para jIva ko bArambAra janma dhAraNa nahIM karanA par3atA arthAt saMsAra kA anta hI mokSa hai) ina do zabdoM ke bIca kA bheda batalAyA gayA ho to vaha kevala jaina-darzana hI ho sakatA hai| isase bhI yaha niHsaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai| ki zilAlekhoM kI dhammalipi kI samagra racanA hI jaina dharma ke anusAra khodI gaI hai / ( 24 ) tibbata deza ke granthoM meM likhA gayA hai 111 ki saMprati pAdazAha ( una granthoM meM saMprati ke badale "saMvAdi" zabda likhA gayA hai) ma0 saM0 235 meM siMhAsanAsIna huA thA / divyadAna 112 nAmaka grantha meM magadha deza ke rAjAoM kI jo kramabaddha tAlikA do gaI hai usameM bhI isa 13 saMprati ko azoka kA pautra aura kuNAla kA putra batalAyA gayA hai / ( 110 ) dekhie, rUpanAtha, sahasarAma aura vairATa ke zilAlekha, brahmagiri aura siddhapura ke zilAlekha naM0 6 aura 8, dhaulI ke zilAlekha naM0 1 aura 2 / ( 111 ) iMDi0 aiMTi0, pustaka 32, pR0 230 | ( 112 ) vahI, 114, pu0 168 kA phuTanoTa naM0 67 (pro0ena0 kArpeNTara je0 1 ( 113 ) isI lekha kA pramANa naM0 11 aura noTa naM0 2

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: prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga: (25) pro0 pizala sAhaba kI dRr3ha sammati hai ki rUpanAtha, sahasarAma aura vairATa ke zilAlekha bhI saMprati mahArAja ke hI khudavAe hue haiN| ima abhiprAya ke sAtha pro0 rIja Devisa , sA0114 bhI sahamata haiN| (26) zilAlekha naM0 8 mukhyataH zikAra ko banda karane se sambandha rakhatA hai, aura apane rAjyAbhiSeka ke bAda dasaveM varSa khudavAyA gayA hai| ataH yadi vaha samrATa azoka ke samaya kA hotA to vaha khuda hI usa samaya pazuoM kA zikAra banda karAne ke badale manuSya-saMhAra karane meM nimagna kyoM rahatA'15 ? manuSyaghRNA ke kAraNa hI usane eka narakAlaya nAma kA sthAna nirmANa kiyA thA aura usa mArga se yadi koI manuSya nikala jAtA to phira vaha, bhale hI aparAdhI ho cAhe sarvathA nirdoSa, yA to phA~sI ke takhte para laTakA diyA jAtA yA garma tela kI kar3AhI meM DAla kara mAra DAlA jAtA thaa| jahA~ svayaM samrATa kI manodazA isa prakAra kI ho, usase yaha AzA karanA ki usakI ora se zikAra ke niSedha kA pharmAna nikAlA jAyagA-bilakula mUrkhatApUrNa hI kahA jaaygaa| usameM bhI phira jo bauddha dharma kA parama bhakta ho, jisameM ki-yadi merI bhUla na ho tA-mRgayA meM mAre hue prANiyoM ke mAMsa ko AnandapUrvaka udarastha karane kA vidhAna ho-usakI ora se yaha AzA karanA sarvathA mUrkhatApUrNa hI kahA jaaygaa| ye saba bAteM hameM isI antima pariNAma para pahu~cane ke liye bAdhya karatI haiM ki ina zilAlekhoM kA kartA koI bauddhamatAnuyAyI' nahIM varan jaina hI ho sakatA hai; aura vaha ( 114) iDi. aiMTi0, pu0 6, pR0 146 / 6 (115) pAdaTIkA naM0:2 se isakI tulanA kIjiye /

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha 45 dUsarA koI nahIM varan khuda rAjA priyadarzin hI honA cAhie, jisane rAjyAbhiSeka hone ke pazcAt naveM varSa (zrAvaka ke) ATha vrata'16 grahaNa kie the| (27) samprati rAjA kI jIvanI ke viSaya meM jaina granthoM meM 117 nimna prakAra se ullekha milatA hai-digvijaya karake vApasa lauTane ke bAda eka dina jaba vaha apane mahala ke gavAkSa meM baiThA thA, usa ora se jIvanta svAmI kI rathayAtrA kA julUsa nikalA / usa ratha ke UparI bhAga para donoM118 sUri mahArAja cala rahe the| unheM dekha kara vicAra karane para jAtismaraNa-jJAna hone se apane pUrva janma kA dRzya dekhate hI rAjA ko mUrchA A gii| isake bAda mantriyoM dvArA vAyu-prakSepa Adi zItopacAroM se vaha saceta huA aura tatkAla hI mahala se nIce Akara usane guru mahArAja kI tIna pradakSiNA karane ke bAda praNAma karate hue pUchA-"bhagavan , kyA Apa mujhe pahacAnate haiM ?" tatkAla hI sUri mahArAja ne jJAna ke bala para use apane kSullaka ziSya ke rUpa meM pahacAna liyaa| rAjA ko guruvacana para zraddhA huI aura usane tatkAla hI jaina dharma svIkAra kara liyaa| isake do varSa bAda unhoMne kaliMga deza jItA aura vrata uccAraNa kie.| phira samyaktvadhArI zrAvaka banakara saMgha sahita ve tIrthayAtrA ke (116 ) Age kA 27vA~ pairAgrApha dekhie / (117 ) hemacandra sUri kA "pariziSTaparva" mahAn samprati nAmaka unakA jIvanacaritra tathA bharatezvara bAhubalavRtti Adi graMtha dekhie| . . . ( 118 ) prArya mahAgirijI aura Arya suhasti donoM hI, sAMsArika dRSTi se, sage bhAI the aura dIkSAvasthA meM gurubhAI the / vizeSa ke lie 'dekhie, TIkA naM. 2-3 aura 4 / .. ....

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46 prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga liye ravAnA hue| kue~ banavAe, dharmazAlA aura dAnazAlA Adi sthApita kIM, aneka mandira nirmANa karAe, jaina bimboM ko bharAyA aura aMjana - zalAkA karAI / isI prakAra aneka zubha kArya sampanna kie / ina saba bAtoM ke lie kisI prakAra ke pramANa yA TIkA athavA spaSTIkaraNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM jAna par3atI / zilAlekhoM meM likhita samasta varNana se bhI usakA samarthana hotA dikhAI detA hai | 119 ( zilAlekha naM0 8 meM ) unake rAjyAbhiSeka ke bAda naveM varSa ATha vrata grahaNa karane kI bAta likhI hai| isase pahale eka varSa taka ve saMgha ke sAtha rahe aura isake pUrva DhAI varSa unhoMne upAsaka ke rUpa meM vyatIta kiye the / arthAt unhoMne rAjyAbhiSeka hone ke ( 10 varSa meM se 1 + 23 = 33 ghaTAne para zeSa 6 || varSa ) 6 || varSa bAda jainadharma meM praveza kiyA thA / Age calakara phira unakI jIvanI ke viSaya meM likhA hai. ki 120 unhoMne apanI yuvAvasthA meM bhArata ke samasta rAjAoM ko karadAtA banA diyA; aura aSTaka ke nikaTa Akara sindhu nadI pAra karane ke bAda aphagAnistAna ke mArga se IrAna, araba aura mitra Adi dezoM 121 para adhikAra kiyA aura unase ( 11 ) zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata haiM / unameM pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata hote haiM / kintu inameM zikSA vrata hI aise 1 haiM jinakA pAlana sAMsArika gRhasthoM se bhalIbhA~ti ho sakatA hai / rAjyakartA ke lie dussAdhya hone se samprati ne ATha hI vrata grahaNa kie the / ( 120 ) uparyukta grantha kI TIkA naM0 117 dekhie / ( 121 ) isI lekha ke pairA naM0 7 aura naM0 23 se milAna kIjie /

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majharAja sambati ke zilAlekha 'kara' liyaa| isake bAda vApasa lauTa Ae / usa samaya AcArya mahArAja bhI vihAra karate hue ujjayinI padhAre the; ataH unase vratoM kI dIkSA lekara samyaktva-bratadhArI zrAvaka bane / ye bAteM bhI zilAlekhoM ke varNana se jyoM kI tyoM mila jAtI haiN| (28) purAtattva-vibhAga ke asi0 DAirekTara-janarala sva0 pI0 sI0 banarjI likhate haiM ki 122 ye saba zilAlekha, jinameM yavana rAjAoM ke nAma kA aMguli-nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, kisI bhI rUpa meM samrATa azoka (dvitIya)122 ke banAe hue nahIM ho sakate / adhika saMbhava to usake pautra rAjA saMprati ke banAe hue honA hI hai, jisane jaina dharma svIkAra kara apane pitAmaha kA (122) iMDi. ainTi0, pRSTha 32 para ukta mahAzaya praznAvalI upasthita karate haiM ki ( 1 ) yadi sabhI zilAlekha mahArAja azoka ke hote to unameM se kisI meM bhI kyoM unhoMne apanA nAma nahIM likhA ? (2) priyadarzin ne rAjyAbhiSeka ke nau varSa bAda vrata lie the, aisI dazA meM yadi ukta varNana azoka se sambandha rakhatA ho to usane rAjyAbhiSeka se chaH mAsa pUrva aura gaddI para baiThane ke cauthe varSa bauddha dharma meM praveza kiyA hogA / (3) yadi dUsarA dharma-parivartana kahA jA sakatA ho to rAjA priyadarzin ne magadha saMghayAtrA apane rAjya ke dasaveM varSa kI thI, jaba ki moggala-putra ke netRtva meM tIsarI bauddha-kaunsila azoka-rAjya ke satrahaveM varSa huI thii| ina saba kAraNoM se ve azoka ke zilAlekha nahIM ho skte| (122 zra) zizunAga-vaMzI kAlAzoka urpha mahApadma ko prathama azoka kahA jAtA hai, jisakA zAsana-kAla I0 pU0 454 se 426 taka thA / dekhie zizunAga vaMza kI vaMzAvalI viSayaka merA lekha TIkA 16-17 pR0 2 /

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prA0 jai 0 i0 dUsarA bhAga padAnusaraNa karate khudavAe hoMge aura candragupta hue zilAlekha candra -- rakSita to kavala usakA upanAma hI jAna par3atA hai / = (26) 'samrAT saMprati' zIrSaka grantha meM likhA hai ki "sindhu nadI ke usa pAra 123 ke una saradAroM ko jItakara - jinheM samrATa azoka bhI apane adhIna nahIM kara sakA thA - 'kara' vasUla kiyA thA / jisa prakAra ajAtazatru rAjA ke adhIna 16000 karada rAjya the, usI prakAra inakI saMkhyA bhI utanI hI thI / isI prakAra jaba ve digvijaya kara svadeza vApasa lauTe taba samrATa azoka ke mu~ha se ye udgAra nikale ki "mere pitAmaha candragupta to kevala bhArata ke hI samrATa the, kintu merA pautra saMprati to saMsAra bhara kA samrAT hai / " ina zabdoM se candragupta, azoka aura priyadarzina, ina tInoM ke rAjya vistAra-mApana kA sAdhana mila sakatA hai / ( 30 ) Upara ke kucha muddoM kI carcA ke pariNAma svarUpa hameM yaha vizvAsa hotA hai ki saMprati aura priyadarzin do bhinna vyakti nahIM the / aisI dazA meM saMprati kA nAma priyadarzin kyoM par3A, isa bAta ke jAna lene kI bhI AvazyakatA hai| isakA 'itihAsa saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat "priyadarzin ke pitA kuNAla samrATa azoka ke lAr3ile putra the / sAtha hI ve jyeSTha putra hone tathA atyanta cAlAka aura ujvala kIrti prApta karanevAle dikhAI dene se "yuvarAja" niyukta kara diye gaye the / mahArAja azoka ne unheM lAlana-pAlana ke ( 123 ) isI lekha ke pairA naM0 7 tathA pairA naM0 27 se milAva kIjie / www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha lie apane bhAI ke saMrakSaNa meM avanti ( ujjayinI ) meM rakha diyA thA; kyoMki azoka ko sadaiva yaha zaMkA banI rahatI thI ki aisA na ho ki paTarAnI tiSyarakSitA kumAra kuNAla kI jindagI ko khatare meM DAla de yA koI SaDyantra racakara use maravA DAle, jisase usake putra mahendra ko gaddI mila ske| anta ko azoka kA sandeha yathArtha hI siddhhuaa| usa samaya rAjaparivAra kI sArI ciTThI-patriyA~ vizeSa dUtoM (patra-vAhakoM) ke hAtha bhejI jAtI thiiN| jaba kumAra kuNAla kI avasthA zAsana-kArya kA anubhava prApta karane yogya huI taba azoka ne socA ki kumAra ko aba isa viSaya kI zikSA dI jA sake to bar3A acchA ho / isI lie samrATa azoka ne apane bhAI ko-jisakI dekha-rekha meM kumAra kuNAla rakhA gayA thAvizeSa patra likhakara sUcita kiyA ki kuNAla ko rAjakAja kI zikSA dI jAya / ........yaha patra azoka ne likhakara to samApta kara diyA, kintu isI bIca meM koI Avazyaka kArya AjAne se usa para sahI-sikkA aura sIla-muhara karane se pahale hI uThakara vaha bAhara calA gayA / idhara devAt rAnI tiSyarakSitA vahA~ A pahuMcI aura usa khule patra ko dekha kara cauNkii| usane patra ko uThAkara par3hA aura manacAhA dA~va acAnaka hAtha laga jAne se usane usase lAbha uThA liyaa| pAsa hI par3I huI buhArI kI sIMka uThAkara usane apanI A~kha meM phirAI aura usameM lage hue kAjala se patra meM jahA~ "adhyayanA

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50 prA0 jai0 0 i0 dUsarA bhAga zabda likhA thA usameM 'a' ke sira para anusvAra lagAkara adhyayana arthAt vidyAbhyAsa karAne ke badale use 'adhyayana' arthAt andhA kara dene kI AjJA banA diyA / vaha isa Azaya se ki yAda kuNAla andhA ho jAyagA to maheMdra ko rAjagaddI mila skegii| isake bAda vaha tatkAla vahA~ se calI gii| udhara mahArAja azoka jaise hI apane kArya se vApasa lauTe ki unhoMne jaldI-jaldI meM usa patra ko binA phira se par3he hI hastAkSara karake, sIla lagAkara, dUta ke hAtha avaMtikA bheja diyA / dUta ke pahu~cane para usa patra kA kyA pariNAma ho sakatA thA, isakI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai / avaMtikA ke darabAra meM jaise hI vaha patra par3hA gayA ki sabake ceharoM para syAhI phira gaI / rAjaputra ke saMrakSaNa mahArAja azoka ke bhAI to tatkAla samajha gae ki yaha saba kevala rAjakIya vivAda kA hI pariNAma honA cAhie / kintu apane pitA ke zAhI pharmAna kI tAmIla karane ke liye tatkAla hI rAjakumAra kuNAla ne Aga meM tapakara lAla surkha bane hue lohe ke do sarie ma~gAe aura unheM apane hAthoM se hI apanI A~khoM meM cubhA liyA; vaha svayaM andhA ho gayA / dUta ke vApasa jAne para jaba yaha samAcAra pATaliputra pahu~cA to samrATa 88 * mUla varNana meM "idAnImadhIyatAM kumAraH " isa prakAra kA varNAkya hai; isameM kevala 'ma' para anusvAra lagA dene se "idAvImaMdhIyatAM kumAraH" par3hA gayA / zrarthAt pahale vAkya ke anusAra 'aba kumAra ko adhyayana karAyA jAve" kA zrAzaya thA, usake badale "aba kumAra ko andhA kara diyA jAya" kA Adeza kara diyA gayA / ataeva pitA kI AjJA kA pAlana karane ke liye vivekazIla kumAra : svayaM hI andhA gayA /

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha azoka ise sunakara bar3e dukhI hue aura apanI bhUla para pachatAne lge| idhara kuNAla ke andhA ho jAne se rAjyagaddI para usakA adhikAra na raha sakA / vayaska hone para usakA vivAha bhI karAyA gayA aura apane jIvana ko sukhamaya banAne ke liye usane saMgIta kalA kA abhyAsa prAraMbha kiyaa| kucha hI samaya meM vaha saMgIta-vizArada ho gyaa| ThIka usI avadhi meM usake yahA~ putra kA janma huaa| ataeva apanI dhAya mAtA (dhAtrI) kI salAha se (jo janmadAtrI mAtA kI prasUtAvasthA meM svargavAsinI ho jAne se kuNAla ke dvArA janmadAtrI mAtA ke samAna ho sammAnita hotI thI) usane samrATa azoka ke pAsa jAkara apane saMgIta dvArA use rijhAkara 'vara' mA~gane kA avasara Ane para apane bAlakumAra ke liye kAkiNI-rAjya mA~gane kA nizcaya kiyA aura vaha pATaliputra kI ora cala diyaa| yathAsamaya usane vahA~ pahu~cakara prathamataH apane saMgIta dvArA sabake citta ko haraNa kara liyaa| yaha samAcAra mahArAja ke kAnoM taka pahu~cA aura unake citta meM saMgIta sunane kI icchA huI / kintu usa samaya yaha prathA thI ki rAjapuruSa svayaM kisI andhe vyakti ko apane sAmane bulAkara usakA saMgIta nahIM suna sakatA thA / ataeva use parde kI Ar3a meM biThalAkara saMgIta sunane kA nizcaya kiyA gyaa| gAyaka ke madhura svara evaM saMgIta-jJAna se samrATa bar3e prasanna hue aura unhoMne vara mA~gane ko khaa| phalataH usane vara meM "kAkiNI" maaNgii| mahArAja samajhe ki yaha kA~ca kA Tukar3A mA~gatA hai; kyoMki isa zabda kA sAmAnya artha yahI hotA hai| kintu jaba vahA~ ekatra samasta rAjapuruSoM aura karmacAriyoM ne batalAyA ki vaha rAjya (kAkiNI kA vAstavika artha.) mA~ga ....... - 5-.

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prA0 jai0 i0 bhAga dUsarA rahA hai, taba mahArAja ne usase pUchA ki "tujhe rAjya lekara kyA karanA hai ?" isake uttara meM usane eka mArmika gIta sunAyA, jisakA artha yaha thA ki "maiM svayaM mahAna samrATa candragupta ke vaMza kA sIdhA vArisa hU~ aura apane putra kumAra ke liye rAjya kI mA~ga karatA huuN|" ina zabdoM ko sunate hI mahArAjA azoka ne usa gAyaka ke rUpa meM tatkAla apane parama priya putra kuNAla ko pahacAna liyA, jisane kevala pitR-AjJA zirodhArya kara apane hAthoM se hI andhatva svIkAra kara liyA thaa| usI kSaNa pardA haTAkara, cira-viyoga ke pazcAt , harSAzra-yukta netroM se usane apane putra ko gale lagA liyA aura pUchA ki putra kI prApti kaba huI / isa para kuNAla ne uttara diyA ki "saMprati" [ isa saMskRta zabda kA artha hotA hai, hAla hI meM, abhI hI hI; kyoMki usa samaya kumAra kI avasthA kevala chaH mAsa kI hI thii| apane pautra ke zubha janma kA sukhada samAcAra sunakara mahArAja azoka aise harSonmatta hue ki (eka to dIrghakAla ke pazcAt putra-viyoga dUra hone ke kAraNa Ananda hI Ananda chA rahA thA, usameM bhI phira pautra-janma kA zubha samAcAra pAne para to pUchanA hI kyA thA ?) unhoMne vahIM pradhAna mantrI ko AjJA dI ki zIghra hI avanti jAkara eka rAjavaMzI athavA rAjyakartA ke yogya samAroha ke sAtha bAla kumAra ko le Ao aura magadhapati ke rUpa meM use siMhAsana para bitthaao| (saMprati kA janma I0 pU0304, jaba saMprati gaddI para biThAyA gayA taba usakI avasthA dasa mAsa kI thI (I0 pU0 304) aura usa zubha prasaMga ke anusAra mahArAja ne kumAra kA nAma priya. darzin'23 rakhA; kyoMki usake mukha ke darzana mAtra se hI (125 3) isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki rAjA priyadarzin ne apane

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha mahArAja azoka ko Ananda, sukha aura hRdaya-zalya se mukti prApta huI thii| kAraNa yaha thA ki usa samaya taka ve apane ko hI kuNAla ke andhatva ke liye kAraNIbhUta mAnakara sadA udvigna rahate the aura isIliye kuNAla ke sAtha kie gae anyAya kA kisI aMza meM parimArjana karane ke uddezya se unhoMne usake putra ko gaddI para bitthaayaa| isI ke sAtha sAtha unhoMne yaha kahakara apane mana ko santuSTa kiyA ki maiMne jo bhUla kI thI, usakA daMDa bhI maiMne apane hAthoM bhoga liyA / usa samaya se lekara saMprati kumAra ke 15 varSa kI avasthA meM pahu~cane (I0 pU0 260-86 ) tathA unakA rAjyAbhiSeka hone taka mahArAjA azoka ne unake saMrakSaka ke rUpa meM zAsana kI vyavasthA kii| pitA ke prema ke cihnasvarUpa unakA rakhA huA nAma bhI suna rakhA hai| isI prakAra rAjakAja meM apane pitAmaha kI gaddI para baiThane ke smArakarUpa unakA diyA huzrA nAma surakSita rakhakara bAraMbAra zilAlekhoM meM usakA upayoga kiyA / ina donoM bAtoM se isake puSTa pramANa mila jAte haiM ki vaha apane pitA aura pitAmaha ke prati kitanA bhaktibhAva rakhatA thaa| jaba rAjaguru ne rAzi ke hisAba se rAjyagaddI ke anukUla usakA nAma 'dazaratha' batAyA hogA, to usane kadAcit apane pitAmaha ke avasAna ke pazcAt nAgArjuna kI guphA meM khudavAyA hogaa| yadi yaha anumAna yathArtha ho to nAgArjuna kI guphA kA samaya I. pU. 200 ke bAda mAnA jAtA hai / ( dekhie isa lekha kI pAdaTIkA naM. 1) kintu - isa nirNaya para pahu~cane ke bAda vizeSa adhyayana karane para yaha mAlUmahuA hai ki dazaratha bhI azoka kA pautra thA aura priyadarzin ke adhInastha ur3IsA prAnta kA sUbedAra thA / sArAMza, priyadarzin aura dazaratha ye donoM bhinna vyakti the|

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prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga wwwwwwwwww __ isase pratyeka manuSya samajha sakatA hai ki 'priyadarzin' eka vizeSa nAma hai, vizeSaNa nahIM24 / abhI taka kahIM bhI yaha par3hane meM nahIM AyA ki kisI purAtattva-vizArada ne priyadarzina zabda ke viSaya meM-jo pratyeka zilAlekha meM sarvatra prayukta huzrA hai-isa bAta kI khoja kI ho ki vaha vizeSa nAma hai yA mahArAja azoka kA upanAma / (31) azoka ke sabhI zilAlekha sikaMdarazAha ke samaya 25 se lagabhaga 80 varSa bAda ke siddha hote haiM; aura isa gaNanA se unakA samaya I0 pU0 323-80%I0 pU0 243 varSa AtA hai| kintu mahArAjA azoka kI mRtyu to I0 pU0 270 meM hI ho cukI thI, aisI dazA meM ve zilAlekha azoka ke banavAe hue ho hI nahIM sakate / ataeva samrAT saMprati kA samaya isa prakAra nizcita hotA hai: janma I0 pU0 304 (pauSa mAsa-janavarI ) avasthA 0 mAsa gaddInazAnI" 303 "10 mAsa rAjyAbhiSeka " 286 ( kadAcit akSayatRtIyA athavA vijayAdazamI ho, kyoMki ye zubha muhUrta mAne jAte haiM) " 15 varSa mahArAjA saMprati ne apanA rAjagaddI abaMti arthAt ujjayinI meM sthApita kI thii| use isake prati hArdika prema thA, kyoMki usakI janmabhUmi yahI thI aura usakI bAlyAvasthA bhI yahIM bItI (124) iMDiyana aiMTi0, pu0 31, pR. 233 para mi0 pI0 sI0 mukarjI kI ttippnnii| (125) dekhie, sara kaniMgaham "buka aAphaeMziyaMTa irAjA kA pRSTha 2 /

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha thii| isI liye usane apane dharma kA avalaMbana bhI vahIM prahaNa kiyA hai / sArAMza yaha ki usakI jiMdagI kI samasta sArabhUta ghaTanAoM kA mukhya sthAna yahIM thaa| sAtha hI rAjanItika dRSTi se vicAra karane para bhI ve kucha dIrgha dRSTivAle mAne jA sakate haiN| kyoMki itane bar3e sAmrAjya kI vyavasthA TheTha pATaliputra yA rAjagRha jaise eka kone meM par3e hue magadha deza ke eka nagara meM rahakara calAne kI apekSA bhAratavarSa ke hRdaya rUpamadhyasthala avaMti se25 zAsanasUtra calAnA zreyaskara aura adhika ucita kahA jA sakatA hai| ___merI dhAraNA hai ki isa samapra lekha ko par3hakara pAThakoM ko nIce likhe muddoM ke viSaya meM pUrNa vizvAsa huA hogA [prathama ] mahAn sikandarazAha ke samakAlIna rUpa meM jisakA nAma grIka graMthakartAoM ne seMDa koTsa ke rUpa meM batalAyA hai, ve magadhapati caMdragupta nahIM varan magadharAja azoka hI the [ isI lekha kA tIsarA vibhAga zilAlekha kA pairA naM0 14 aura 31] [dvitIya ] mahArAjA azoka, jo parama bauddha the, unhoMne nahIM varan samrAT priyadarzin ne-jo eka parama jainI the-ye sAre zilAlekha khudavAe the'26 |[vibhaag tIsarA pairA naM0 1,6, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27 aura 28 dekhie] (125 bha) isa samaya se avaMti nagarI kA mahattva bhArata kI mukhya -sanadhAnI ke rUpa meM vikhyAta ho jAne ke kAraNa ise hastagata karake ke liye sabhI rAjyakartA ikchuka ho gae the| avaMtipati bhI sAdhAraNataH sabake adhinAyaka mAne jAne lage the| (126) maskI kA zilAlekha (pRSTha 1) dekhie /

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prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga [ tRtIya ] mahArAjA azoka aura mahArAjA priyadarzina ye donoM hI bhinna-bhinna vyakti the| [vibhAga tIsarA pairA 2, 5, 6, 7,8, 11, 18, 24, 26, 27, 28, 26 aura 30 dekhie] [caturtha ] mahArAja priyadarzina aura jaina saMpradAya ke rAjA saMprati donoM eka hI puruSa the / ( vibhAga tIsarA pairA naM0 3, 5, 15, 25, 25, 28 aura 30 dekhie) unakA dUsarA nAma'27 dazaratha bhI ho sakatA hai (pairA 11 dekhie)| .. [paMcama ] priyadarzin zabda vizeSa nAma hai, guNavAcaka vizeSaNa nahIM (vibhAga tIsarA, pairA naM0 30 dekhie) vidvAnoM ke hRdaya meM jo do-eka zaMkAe~ utpanna ho sakatI haiM, unakA samAdhAna isa lekha ko samApta karane se pUva kara denA ucita hogA, (1) yadi azoka hI priyadarzin na hoto maksI ke zilAlekha meM azoka zabda spaSTa zabdoM meM kyoM likhA gayA hai ? (2) priyadarzin bauddhadharma ke yAtrAsthAna lumbini aura niglivi nAmaka gA~voM meM kyoM gayA ? yadi vaha svata; bauddhadharmI na hotA to vahA~ kyoM jAtA ? isI liye priyadarzin hI azoka ho sakatA hai| ina do zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna-[prathama zaMkA yaha nirvivAda hai ki maksI ke zilAlekha meM mahArAjA azoka ke nAma kA nirdeza huA hai| kintu usameM "devANAM priya azokasya......" isa prakAra ke zabda haiM / isameM pahalI dalIla yaha hai ki 'devANAM priya"27 zabda to pratyeka bhaktajana ke liye sambodhana meM upayoga (127) pAda TIkA naM. 2 (pR0 45) dekhie / (127 a) silona ke rAjA tissA ko saMbodhana karate samaya bhI devANa priya zabda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| ( dekhie dIpavaMza tA0

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha kiyA jAtA hai arthAt priyadarzin ke sambandha meM jisa prakAra azoka ke sambandha meM bhI vaha kAma meM lAyA jA sakatA hai| kiMtu isase yaha siddha nahIM ho sakatA ki priyadarzin hI azoka thA / hA~, yadi "devANAM priya priyadarzin azoka" isa prakAra ke zabda hote to vaha avazya hI azoka siddha ho sakatA thaa| dUsarI dalIla yaha hai ki azokasya zabda SaSThI vibhakti meM likhakara...... jagaha khAlI chor3a dI hai| [isake samarthana meM nimna varNana upayogI ho sakatA hai| jisa prakAra maiM "azosya" zabda ko SaThI vibhakti ke rUpa meM mAnatA hU~, usI prakAra zrI rAdhAkumuda mukarjI bhI apanI "azoka" nAmaka pustaka ke pRSTha 12 meM likhate haiM"of His Gracious Majesty Asoka" ye zabda unhoMne anuvAda karate samaya ligve haiM / ] isase jAna par3atA hai ki koI dUsarA zabda aura bhI likhanA zeSa honA cAhie'28 / athavA likhA gayA ho, 'azokassa' SaSThI vibhakti ke badale yadi 'azoka' ke rUpa meM prathamA vibhakti kA upayoga kiyA jAtA to zaMkA kA nirAkaraNa ho jaataa| [ve upayukta lekha ke hI sambandha meM Age calakara phira kahate haiM ki-It indicates that it was drafted and incised by the local authorities in commemoration of the Emperor's visit and gifts to the place and out directly by the Emperor, like most other edicts de0 rA. bhaMDArakara kRta azoka, pRSTha 7) / isa tissA kA rAjya I0 pU0 247 se 207 taka thA, jo azoka (saMprati )kA samayavartI thA (priMsepsa iMDi0 aiMTikviTIja pu0 2, pR0 265 ) / usakA samaya I0 pU0 307207 diyA hai| noTa naM01 se milAna kiijie| . (128) kadAcit "azokasya pautra rAjA priydrshnm| likhanA uddiSTa ho|

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prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga (arthAt mahIyate zabda ke artha meM jo hera-phera samajha liyA jAtA hai, usakA kAraNa yahA~ dRSTigocara hotA hai)] [ dUsarI zaMkA ] lumbini'26 zilAlekha meM 'devANAMpriya-priyadarzin' zabda hai sahI kintu lekha kA artha kevala itanA hI hotA hai ki priyadarzina rAjA ne apanA rAjyAbhiSeka hone ke 20 varSa bAda isa sthAna ko dekhA / lekha meM khude hue 'mahIyate' kA artha pUjA karane ke rUpa meM lenA ucita nahIM kahA jA sakatA / anyathA worship of personalities kA artha kyA kiyA jA sakatA hai ? sArAMza, 'mahIyate' zabda kA mahimA bar3hAne yA gAne ke artha meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai, aura aisA karane ke liye aneka kAraNa ho sakate haiN| [ sAtha hI vyAkaraNa kA yaha eka abAdhita niyama hai ki vizeSaNa aura vizeSya donoM ke eka hI vacana aura vibhakti hone cAhiye / isa niyama ke anusAra yadi "devANAM priya" zabda "azokassa" kA vizeSaNa hotA to vaha isake sthAna para "devANAM priyassa azokassa" ke rUpa meM likhA jaataa| kintu jaba 'devANAM priya' zabda prathamA vibhakti meM hai to isakA vizeSya bhI prathamA vibhakti meM hI honA cAhie, yaha sahaja hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai aura ve zabda khAlI chUTe hue sthAna meM the, kintu isa samaya ghise hue athavA miTAye hue pAye jAte hai| isa taraha mere upayukta anumAna kA samarthana hotA hai| ] saba se mukhya saMbhAvanA to isa bAta kI ho sakatI hai ki rAjA priyadarzin ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke 16 varSa (126) de0 rA. bhAMDArakarakRta "azoka" pRSTha 74 dekhie / * isa sUcanA ke liye maiM dIvAna bahAdura kezavalAla harSadarAya dhruva kA kRtajJa huuN|

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha 56 bAda [ I0 pU0 286 - 16 = I0 pU0 270 meM ] azoka kI mRtyu huI; ataH vaha isake eka varSa bAda apane pUjya pitAmaha at afarafts kriyA karane ke liye unake dharma-tIrthasthAna meM gayA hogA / [ Aja bhI hindU logoM meM yahI prathA pracalita hai / ] dUsarA kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra usane apane rAjya ke anya sthAnoM ko dekhA, usI prakAra vaha isa sthAna meM maiM bhI gayA ho, tIsarA kAraNa rAjyakarttA ke nAte apanI prajA ke dharmasthAnoM kA sanmAna karane ke lie hI vahA~ gayA ho; athavA vaha kahA~ taka dharma sahiSNutA dikhalA sakatA hai; athavA kisI prajApriya samrAT ko kisa prakAra baratanA cAhiye, yaha batalAne ke liye vahA~ gayA ho / cauthe, jisa taraha aneka hiMdU rAjA svayaM anya dharmAnuyAyI hote hue bhI vibhinna dharma-mandiroM ko banavAte rahe haiM aura unake isa viSaya ke ullekha itihAsa meM meM pAye jAte haiM, usI prakAra rAjapitA ke nAte prajA ke prati vAtsalya bhAva dikhalAne kA bhI uddezya ho / isa prakAra uparyukta donoM zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna karane ke bAda anta meM pAThakoM se nivedana hai ki mere batalAe hue pramANoM se yadi ve sahamata hoM to svAbhAvika rIti se unheM yaha svIkAra karanA par3egA ki aba taka jo mahattA yA kIrti samrAT azoka ko dI jAtI rahI hai, vaha samrAT samprati ko dI jAnI caahie| isI prakAra zilAlekhoM (caTTAnoM yA staMbha para khude hue) ne samagra jagat kI sAmAnya janatA para sAmAjika, rAjanItika yA kSetrAnurUpa jo prabhAva DAlA hai, vaha bauddha dharma ke kAraNa nahIM, varan jainadharma ke kAraNa hI hai, yaha mAnanA par3egA / isI liye isa viSaya kA vistRta pracAra kara jainadharma ke sAtha kie jAne vAle anyAya ko miTAne ke nimitta unheM Age bar3hanA cAhie /

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- prA. jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga sarvamaMgala mAMgalyaM sarvakalyANakAraNam / . . pradhAnaM sarvadharmANAM jainaM jayatu zAsanam / / pariziSTa (a) (pairAgrApha naM0 2 aura 2 se saMbaMdhita phuTanoTa' ke anusaar| sudarzana tAlAba kI prazasti kA anuvAda jisa rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai, usake anusAra pro0 hulTza ne svayaM yazakIrti pUrNa kalaza kSatrapa rudradAmana ke sira para car3hAyA hai; kintu phira bhI mujhe sammAnapUrvaka unase bhinna mata prakaTa karanA par3atA hai| arthAt maiM usa kIrtikalaza ko samrAT samprati ke sira para car3hAnA cAhatA huuN| aura isake liye apanI ina dalIloM ko upasthita karatA huuN| (1) navIM paMkti meM-"vistRta" aura "NA AgarbhAt prabhRtya abhihata samudita rAjalakSmI" ina do vAkyoM ke bIca bahuta jyAdA khAlI jagaha chUTI huI hai aura isa vAkya kA artha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai ki, "( vaha ) jaba se garbha meM AyA taba se rAjya-Rddhi meM avAdhita rUpa se vRddhi hotI rahI thii|" hama aitihAsika pramANoM se isa bAta ko bhalI bhA~ti jAnate haiN| rudradAmana ke pitAmaha cASTANa mahAkSatrapa ne jina jina dezoM (1) pairA naM0 15 kA 'ba' / (2) zilAlekhAdi vAle aMza kA pairA naM0 2 dekhie| . . (3) epigrA0 iNDikA, pu08, pR. 32 aura usake baad| . (5) dekhie TippaNI naM0 64 /

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha para vijaya prApta kI thI, usakA bahuta bar3A bhAga usake pitA jayadAma ne gavA diyA thaa| arthAt rudradAman jaba garbha meM thA taba aura isake bAda isakI bAlyAvasthA meM usake pitA kI rAjya-Rddhi aura vaibhava kI ghaTatI ke dina the| isaliye upayukta varNana rudradAmana ke viSaya meM prayukta nahIM ho sktaa| yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki rudradAmana ke garbha meM pAne, usakA janma hone aura bAlyAvasthA samApta hone taka kA samaya mahAkSatrapa cASTANa kI uttarottara unnati kA samaya thA, to bhI yaha to nirvivAda siddha hai ki vRddhi kA jvara AnA ruka kara usake pitA ke samaya utAra kA Arambha ho gayA thaa| sArAMza upayukta zlAghAtmaka vAkya sarvAMza meM rudradAmana ke lie prayukta nahIM ho sakatA; kintu samrAT saMprati ke lie vaha pUrI taraha lAgU ho sakatA hai / . . sAtha hI yaha vAkya samrAT saMprati ke lie prayukta karane kA eka khAsa kAraNa bhI hai| vaha yaha ki usa zilAlekha kI AThavIM paMkti meM mauryavaMzI samrATa candragupta aura usake bAda samrATa azoka kA ullekha hai| isake bAda kA sthAna khAlI chUTA huA hai| isalie yaha svAbhAvika hai ki eka ke bAda dUsare samrATa ke gaddI para baiThane kA varNana karane kI prathA pracalita hone se samrATa azoka ke bAda gaddI para baiThanevAle se saMbandhita hI ukta varNana ho sakatA hai| samrATa priyadarzin jisa prakAra anya prAntoM para zAsana karane ke liye apane rAjya-parivAra ke khAsa khAsa vyaktiyoM (5)ja. bo0 prA0 sa0 e. mo0 kI maI prAvRtti pustaka, pR. .. aura bhaage|

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prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga ko sUbA ke rUpa meM niyukta karatA thA, usI prakAra saurASTra prAnta ( kAThiyAvAr3a) para zAlizuka" nAma ke pArivArika jana ko niyukta kiyA thA, aura usakI dekha-rekha meM hI usane ukta tAlAba kI durustI karAI thii| isI lie rAjA rudradAmana ne ina sAre vizeSaNoM kA prayoga samrATa priyadarzina ko lakSya karake hI kiyA hai; aura apane sukRtyoM kI prazaMsA ke lie kevala tulanA ke svarUpa meM unhIM ko zilAlekhoM ke antima bhAga para vihaMgama-dRSTi se hI khudavA diyA hai| kyoMki vaha khuda anuvAdaka kI TippaNie~: (6) azoka ke lekha-pro0 hulTza kRta Pre XXXVII Seg. 'azoka-caritra' ga. 30 so0 kRta pR0 45-46, Bhandarker, Asoka, PP. 49-59. [eka ] nepAla meM devapAla ko ( biseMTa smitha kRta tIsarI AvRtti pR0 166-7 ) [ do] magadha maiM dazaratha ko ( dekhie nAgArjunI guphAlekha) [tIna ] kaliMga meM tosalIputta ko [ cAra ] satyaputra ko [pA~ca keralaputra ko [chaH ] ujjayinI meM sUbA banAyA thaa| inameM se prathama cAra kA to ullekha isI rUpa meM kiyA hai, zeSa do ko dUsare rUpa meM batalAyA gayA hai| (7) dekhie vuddhiprakAza, pustaka 76, aGka 3, pR0 12 meM, jahA~ ki gargasaMhitA para vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bisaMTa smitha kRta arlI hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA, tIsarI zrAvRtti, pR0 204, TIkA naM. 1 pR0 164, TIkA naM0 1, pR. 288 tathA pR. 207 naM 1 / . (8) dekhie isI lekha meM kI tIsa dalIloM meM se naM0 2 aura 3 / (6) pariziSTa kI dalIla naM0 1-2-3 meM prayukta samasta vizeSaNa tathA tIsa dalIloM meM se naM0 2-3 aura 4 ke sAtha tulamA kiijie| . :

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mahArAja samprati ke zilAlekha jAnatA thA ki kahA~ sArvabhauma bhAratIya mauryavaMzI samrATa aura kahA~ vaha kevala pazcima bhArata ke eka choTe se bhAga kA raajaa| donoM kI tulanA ho hI kaise sakatI hai ? isa bAta kI vizeSa puSTi isase ho sakatI hai, ki vaha tAlAba usa samaya zrI giranArajI kI talahaTI meM khudavAyA gayA thA aura zilAlekha bhI vahIM lagAyA gayA thA jahA~ ki usa tAlAba ke smaraNa cihna rUpa usakI pAla (dIvAra ) kA kucha bhAga aura usameM milanevAlI do nadiyoM ke pravAha mArga rUpa kagAre hameM Aja bhI dRSTigocara hote haiN| sArAMza yaha ki usa samaya zrI giranArajI kI talahaTI vahIM taka phailI huI thI jahA~ ki Aja ukta zilAlekha milatA hai| (2) usI navIM paMkti meM yaha bhI likhA huA hai ki "yuddha ke atirikta prANAnta taka'3 bhI manuSya-vadha na karane kI usane pratijJA kI thii|" (10) rAjA priyadarzin ne zilAlekha kyoM khudavAe yaha jAnane ke liye mahodaya vyAsa kRta samrATa priyadarzin kI jIvanI nAma kI pustaka dekhie| (11) lekha meM una donoM ke nAma suvarNa sikatA aura paramAzinI likhe gae haiM, jinakA apabhraMza hokara Aja ve sonarakha aura palAsiso ke nAma se pahacAne jAte haiN| (12) vaha svayaM rAjA hone ke kAraNa isa bAta ko jAnatA thA ki mujhe yuddhabhUmi meM utaranA hI par3egA; isI liye usane isa prakAra ke zrAgAra-apavAda ke sAtha vrata dhAraNa kiye hoNge| athavA kaliGga deza jItane ke bAda usane jo ATha vrata liye (nIce kI TIkA 13 dekhie) ve isakI yAda dilAte haiN| - (13) TippaNI naM0 11 tathA ahiMsA kA zilAlekha naM. 1 milAna kiijie|

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prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAgaH yaha vAkya hI rudradAman kI apekSA samrAT saMprati ke liye pUrNa rUpa se upayukta ho sakatA hai; kyoMki zilAlekha naM0 8 ke dvArA hama saMprati rAjA ke jIvana - siddhAntoM se 14 paricita ho cuke haiM ki usane kaliGga deza jItane ke liye jo car3hAI kI thI usameM agaNita saMkhyA meM manuSyoM kI hatyA huI dekhakara usakA hRdaya kA~pa uThA thA, aura isI kAraNa usane tatkAla pratijJA kI thii| jaba hama kSatrapa rudradAman ke jIvana meM kahIM bhI isa bAta kA izArA taka nahIM pAte, aura zakoM ke samAna ghAtaka evaM krUra svabhAva vAlI anArya jAti ke kisI vyakti ke hRdaya meM (jisa jAti kA rAjA rudradAman thA ) isa prakAra kI dayA utpanna hone kI kalpanA taka nahIM kI jA sakatI / 64 (3) Age calakara yaha nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ki pUrva tathA - pazcima AkArAvanti 5, anUpadeza 6 Anarta 17, surASTra, (14) mukhya lekha ke zilAlekha vAle aMza ke pairA naM0 7-27 Adi dekhie / (15) ina zabdoM ko alaga karane para zrAkara = khAni + zravanti ujjayinI vAlA pradeza bhI isa artha se ThIka taraha nahIM miltaa| jAna par3atA hai ki usa pradeza ke rAjanItika dRSTi se do vibhAga kiye gaye ho| kyoMki pUrva aura pazcima ke rUpa meM zrAka bhI kaI pradezoM ke isa -taraha ke vibhAga dikhAI dete haiM 1 I (16) Adhunika barAra prAnta kA dakSiNa bhAga ( rA0 e0 zra0 -0, pu0 7, pR0 341 ) (17) kaMboja, sindha aura yavana prAntoM ke sAtha usakA varNana kie jAne se (dekhie rA0 e0 so0 veM0, pu0 7, pR0 341, TippaNI

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mahArAjA samprati ke zilAlekha 65 zvabhra'", maru, kaccha, sindhu, sauvIra 19, kukura 20, aparAnta, niSAda 21 Adi deza usane apane bAhubala se adhikRta kara lie the23 / kSatrapa rudradAman ne apane bAhubala se aneka dezoM ko jIta liyA thA, isa bAta ko yadi hama mAna leM ( jaba ki hamArI isa tathA eziyA risarceja pu0 7, pR0 333 ) vaha prAnta bhI Adhunika paMjAba kA sImAprAnta hone viSayaka anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / yadi zrAnarta deza se kucha bhI sambandha ho to zatruJjaya prakAza ( bhAvanagara mudrita 1626, pR0 1 Ti0 2 ) meM usakA dUsarA nAma bar3anagara batalAyA gayA hai, jo ki uttara gujarAta kA eka pramukha nagara hai / zrAnarta = gujarAta aura mAlavA kA kucha bhAga ( dekhie nandalAla De kRta Ant, Geo, India.) (18) isakA Adhunika nAma aura sthAna ajJAta haiM / (11) Adhunika kaccha ke IzAna koNa meM tathA vartamAna rAjapUtAnA ke zrAgneya tathA pazcima bhAga vAlA pradeza / (20) banArasa nagara vAlA bhAga ( rA0 e0 so0 e0, pu0 pR0 341, TippaNI ) (21) rAjapUtAnA ke jayapura ke kachavAhe aMbara rAjya ke rUpa meM pahacAne jAte haiM / aura aMbara ke kSatriyoM kI niSada ( Adhunika nirbura ) deza meM basanevAle asala kSatriyoM kI yaha zAkhA hai / kSatriyoM meM vikhyAta abhAge nala damayantI kA nAma hamAre pUrNa paricaya kA aura vikhyAta hai / (( TA~Da rAjasthAna, pu0 1, pR0 140 ) / (22) sudarzana tAlAba ke isa zilAlekha ke atirikta dUsarA aisA koI sAdhana hamAre pAsa nahIM hai, jisase ki rudradAman kI sattA ke vizeSa vistRta hone kI bAta jAnI jA sake / +

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prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga jAnakArI kA AdhAra mukhyataH isa sudarzana tAlAba kA saMzayAtmaka lekha hI hai ) to bhI yaha to nizciya hI hai ki itane vistRta pradeza para usane kabhI sattA sthApita hI nahIM kI thii| kiMtu samrAT saMprati ke digvijaya meM23 ina saba dezoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| vizeSa meM samrAT saMprati kA yaha varNana bhI dekhane meM AtA hai ki ve zrIsaMgha ke sAtha24 prati varSa zrI giranAjI kI yAtrA ke liye jAte aura yaha sudarzana tAlAba usa girinArajI kI talahaTI meM banA huA hone se use durusta karAne kI ora yadi prajAjana ne unakA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA ho aura apanI loka-kalyANa evaM prajAhita25 ke kArya karane viSayaka svAbhAvika pravRtti evaM utsAhapUrNa bhAvanA ke anusAra yadi unhoMne aisA kiyA bhI ho to Azcarya kI koI bAta nahIM / isI prakAra rudradAmana aura saMprati ke samaya ke bIca lagabhaga tIna sau varSa kA antara pAyA jAtA hai,26 ataeva yadi janatA meM daMtakathA rUpa se pracalita (23) dekhie-pairA 27 (pR0 36) aura 26 (pR0 41) milAna kIjie pairA nN07| (24) dekhie zilAlekha naM. 8 (Upara ke pairAgrApha 15 ga, pairAgrApha 27 ) pariziSTa parva bhAvanagara mudrita / (25) usane hajAroM gA~voM meM kue, tAlAba, bAvar3I, dharmazAlAe~, dAnazAlAe~, jainamaMdira prAdi banavAe haiM / bhAvanagara mudrita pariziSTa parva .. anuvAda pR0 210-8 aura Age batalAe hue varNana se tilAna kiijie| (26) samrAT saMprati kI mRtyu I0 pU0 230 ke zrAsapAsa hai, jaba ki rudradAmana kA astitva I0 sa0 150 meM thaa|

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mahArAjA samprati ke zilAlekha 67 isa prakAra ke loka kalyANa ke kAryoM kA varNana eka se dUsare ke kAnoM taka pahu~catA rahA ho, jisase ki isa prakAra ke mauryavaMzI mahAna samrATa ke satkAryoM kA ullekha karane kI icchA rAjA rudrAdAmana ko huI ho, aura isI liye eka ke bAda dUsare samrATa ke kAryoM kA ullekha kiyA ho aura unakI paMkti meM apanA nAma bhI gauravAnvita karane ke liye yaha darasAyA ho ki ina upayukta samrAToM kI taraha, jinhoMne apane bAhabala se anya dezoM para vijaya prApta kI thI, maiM bhI hU~, jisane amuka-amuka kArya kie haiN| yadi isa prakAra apane kAryoM kI mUka mahimA bar3hAne kA uddezya na hotA to rAjA rudradAmana ne apane kArya dUsare hI zilAlekhoM para khudavAe hote / kintu unheM eka hI zilAkhaMDa para khudavAne se unake sAtha tulanA karane ke anumAnita uddezya kI puSTi hotI hai| ___isa prakAra upayukta sArI paristhiti kA avalokana karane se sahaja hI yaha anumAna ho sakatA hai ki navIM aura dasavIM paMkti ke bIca jo bhAga likhe binA khAlI raha gayA hai, usameM avazya rAjA priyadarzina kA hI nAma honA cAhie, kyoMki samrATa azoka ke bAda ve tatkAla hI rAjyArUr3ha hue the, aura yaha sArA varNana usI ke jIvana ke liye zobhArUpa evaM sarvathA upayukta ho sakatA hai / isI prakAra prazaMsArUpa jo vAkya usameM bar3hAe gae haiM, yathA-"jaba se vaha garbha meM AyA, taba se rAjya. Rddhi meM abadhita vRddhi hotI rahI"-"raNasaMgrAma ke atirikta prANAMta hone taka bhI manuSya-vadha na karane kI pratijJA kI thI" aura isa prakAra ke pradeza27 apane bAhubala se jisane jIta (27) samrAT priyadarzin jina-jina pradezoM ke sAtha rAjanItika saMbaMdha rakhatA thA, una sabakI tulanA kIjie / (zilAlekha naM. 2

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68 prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga vizeSaNa haiM / aura ye se lAgU ho sakate haiM, rUpa se prayukta nahIM ho sakate / lie the- ye saba rAjA priyadarzin ke liye hI yazogAnarUpa saba unake nAma ke sAtha hI samaya rUpa anya kisI bhI rAjA ke liye ve samyak ( pUrti lekha ) padacyuta mahArAjA azoka ke lekha kI pUrti ( 1 ) raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI pu0 1887 pR0 175 kI TippaNI meM likhA hai ki- " The testimony of Megarsthenes would likewise seem to imply that Chandragupta submitted to the devotional teachings of the Shramanas as opposed to the doctrines of the Brahmins." 28 isa vAkya se do bAteM siddha ho sakatI haiM / prathama to yaha ki candragupta prathamataH brAhmaNa dharma pAlatA rahA hogA, kintu pIche se usane jainadharma ko svIkAra kiyA hogA; dUsarI bAta yaha ki megesthenIja ke samakAlIna rUpa meM to nahIM, kintu purogAmI rUpa meM candragupta kA samaya hogA / kintu grIka lekhakoM ne megesthenIja ko candragupta urpha seMDU koTsa ke darabAra meM elacI hone kI bAta likhI hai / sArAMza yaha ki grIka lekhakoM kA tathA 13 TippaNI naM0 6 pairAgrApha 7 10, de0 rA0 bhAMDArakara kRta "azoka" pRSTha 156 - 118 iNDi0 eMTi0 1611 pR0 11 ke Upara pRSTha 17 - 18 pairA 27 zrAdi dekhie / (28) zravaNabelagolA kA zilAlekha dekhie /

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mahArAjA samprati ke zilAlekha seMDU koTsa candragupta nahIM, kyoMki vaha DU koTsa kA purogAmI hai| (2) eka ora yaha likhA gayA hai ki29 I0 pU0 304-5 meM selyukasa ne apanI putrI ko seMDa koTsa ke sAtha vyAha diyA aura dUsarI ora yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki seMDa koTsa svayaM I0 pU0 330 meM gaddI para thaiThA thaa| sArAMza, seMDa koTasa kA vivAha apane zAsana ke 330-304 veM varSa selyukasa kI putrI ke sAtha huA thaa| aisI dazA meM yadi seMDa koTsa candragupta hI ho to usa candragupta kA vivAha apane zAsana ke 26 meM varSa huA kahA jAyagA, kintu candragupta kA to rAjya hI saba logoM ke matAnusAra 24 varSa kA mAnA jAtA hai| taba kyA usane apanI mRtyu ke bAda usa kumArI se vivAha kiyA hogA? sArAMza, seMDU koTsa kisI prakAra bhI candragupta nahIM ho sktaa| (3) pAlI bhASA ke prasiddha jAnakAra pro0 kaeNrna likhate haiM ki3deg samrATa azoka ne-naha svayaM kisa mata kA anuyAyI thA, (26 ) Prof. Hultzsch kRta azoka pustaka prathama pR0 XXXV; Seleucus gave his daughter to Sendrocattus in B. C. 304 and this Sendrocattus came to the throne in. B.C. 330 (i.e. Marriage took place in the 26th year of his reign). (30) rA. e. so0 1887 pR0 187 At fitting time and place, Asoka makes mention in a most becoming manner of the doctrine he had embraced but nothing of the Buddhist spirit can be discovered in his State policy.

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70 prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga ise bar3I sabhya aura ziSTa bhASA meM batalAyA avazya hai; kintu usakI rAjanIti meM kahIM bhI ukta paMtha-bauddhamata-ke sUtrAnusAra AcaraNa hotA dikhAI nahIM detA / ina zabdoM se spaSTa anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki zilAlekhoM kA nirmAtA bauddhadharmI kadApi nahIM ho sktaa| (4) yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki31 phAhiyAna aura yuAnaccAMga nAma ke jo do cInI-yAtrI bhAratavarSa meM Ae the, unake kie hue varNanoM meM ina zilAlekhoM kI carcA avazya hai, kintu phira bhI yaha kahIM bhI nahIM likhA gayA hai ki ye zilAlekha azoka ke khudavAe hue haiN| kevala itanI bAta unhoMne avazya likhI hai ki ye lekha prAcIna haiM aura inameM likhI huI bAteM inase pahale kI haiN| aisI dazA meM bauddha-dharmI yAtriyoM se yaha bAta avidita ho sakatI hai ki "unhIM ke svadharmI samrATa azoka ke khudavAe hue ye saba zilAlekha haiN|" ina zabdoM se bhI bhalI bhA~ti siddha hotA hai ki ina zilAlekhoM se samrATa azoka kA koI sanbandha nahIM ho sktaa| (39) Radha Kumood Moookerjee, p. 14 f. n. 3, It should be noted that neither of these Chinese pilgrims (Fe-hian and Youan chwang) has described the inscriptions they had noticed as the inscriptions of Asoka. Thay generally describe them as belonging to and recording events of earlier times.

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mahArAjA samprati ke zilAlekha 71 ( 5 ) divyarAna 2 ke pRSTha 430 meM spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA huA hai ki samprati, kuNAla kA putra thA / isI prakAra mukhya lekha meM bhI hamane yahI siddha kiyA hai ki azoka ke bAda gaddI para baiThane vAlA priyadarzin hI samprati thA / isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki azoka ke pazcAt usake putra kuNAla kA putra hI gaddI para baiThA thaa| purANoM meM jo kuNAla kA nAma rAjakartA ke rUpa meM likhA gayA hai, vaha yathArtha nahIM / (6) pAlibhASA ke adhikAra-yukta adhyayanakartA pro0 vilsana sAhaba likhate haiM ki 33 " prANiyoM kA vadha - rokane viSayaka usake ArDineMsa ( vizeSa kAnUna ) bauddha dharma kI apekSA usake pratispardhI jainadharma ke siddhAMtoM se adhika mela khAte haiM / isa prakAra eka samartha aura gahare abhyAsI ke zabdoM se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki zilAleloM kI lipi jainadharmAnuyAyI kI hI hai aura bauddhadharma se usakA koI khAsa sambandha siddha nahIM hotA / (7) isI prakAra bauddha dharma ke dUsare eka vizeSajJa revhareMDa esa0 bila, jora dekara batalAte haiM ki 34 grIka pustakoM meM bauddha * ( 32 ) Radha Kumood Mookerjee, Asoka p. 8. Ind. Ant. 1914 p. 168 f. n. 67. ( 33 ) dekhie ja0 rA0 e0 sA0 1887 pR0275, His ordinances concerning sparing of animal life agree much more closely with the ideas of the heretical Jains than those of the Buddhists. ( 34 ) ja0 rA0 e0 so0 pu0 16 pR0 420, Rev. S. Beal emphatically dictates, "I doubt very much

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prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga mawwar dharma ke viSaya meM kucha bhI ullekha ho, aisA mujhe vizvAsa nahIM hotaa| sArAMza yaha ki, grIka logoM kI kisI bhI pustaka meM bauddhadharma ke viSaya meM nAmamAtra ke liye bhI ullekha nahIM pAyA jAtA / aisI dazA meM bauddhadharma ke upadezakoM kA vahA~ jAnA aura apane dharma kA pracAra karanA to sambhava hI kaise hai ? . (8) uparyukta pustaka ke hI pRSTha 166 meM Age jAte hue likhA hai 35 ki "stambha lekhoM meM asahAya evaM dukhI prANiyoM ke prati evaM dvipada tathA catuSpada ke prati aura vAyu-Azrita jIvajantu tathA jalacara jIvoM ke prati jo dayA, ityAdi........" isa prakAra sUkSma dayA kA jina zabdoM meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai, ve jainadharma ke atirikta anya kisI dharma yA sampradAya ke nahIM ho skte| (E) bhAMDArakara mahodaya likhate haiM ki36 staMbhalekha naM03 meM to pA~ca Azrava batalAe haiM, kintu bauddhadharma meM to kevala tIna hI haiM jaba ki bulahara sAhaba ne ina pA~ca zrAzravoM ke badale jainadharma ke pA~ca aNuvrata37 hone ke viSaya meM apanA mata prakaTa kiyA hai| whether there is any deference to Buddhism in the Greek accounts." (R. A. S. Vol. p. 191. (35) ja0 rA0 e0 so0 pu. 1 pRSTha 161 Pillar Edicts:"Towards the poor an afflicted, towards the hipeds and quadrapeds, towards the fouls of the air and things that move in the water." (36) de0 rA. bhAMDArakara kata azoka pR0 127 (37) una pA~ca aNuvratoM ke nAma-(1) prANAtipAta viramaNa

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mahArAjA samprati ke zilAlekha 73 (10) bauddha evaM anya dharma-grantha isa bAta ko pramANita karate haiM ki samrAT azoka ne apane zAsanakAla ke chabbIsaveM varSa yavana bAlikA se vivAha kiyA thA 38 | sAtha hI itihAsa ke pRSThoM meM bhI isa bAta kA ullekha milatA hai ki alekajeMDara di greTa ke pazcAt gaddo para baiThanevAle usake saradAra selyukasa nikoTara ko I0 pU0 304 3 9 meM magadhapati samrATa azoka ke sAtha sulaha karane ke lie vAdhya honA par3A 40 thA / usa sandhi meM do mukhya zarte 41 ye thIM ki selyukasa sindhu nadI ke usa pAra pazcima ke pA~ca prAnta magadhapati ko sauMpa de tathA apanI rAjakumArI kA magadhapati ke sAtha vivAha kare aura isake badale magadhapati senA ke sAmAna se saje hue pA~ca sau hAthI selyukasa ko deM / ye donoM bAteM samrAT azoka se hI sambandhita ho sakatI haiM / samrAT candragupta ( yA seMDU koTsa ) se nahIM; kyoMki azoka vRta (2) mRSAvAda viramaNa vRta (3) zradattAdAna viramaNa vRta (4) maithuna viramaNa vRta ( 5 ) parighraha viramaNa vRta / (38) zra0 hi0 iM0 smitha kRta tIsarI zrAvRtti pRSTha 111, kembrija hisTrI Apha inDiyA pRSTha 431, 472 / (31) TIkA naM0 4 ke atirikta pra0 hi0 iM0, - pRSTha 166-7 / viMseMTa smitha (40) TIkA naM 0 4 ke pramANa hI yahA~ lAgU samajhie / ( 41 ) viMseMTa smithakRta arlI hisTrI Apha inDiyA kI tIsarI AvRtti pRSTha 116 / kembrija hisTrI Apha inDiyA pRSTha 431 tathA 472 /

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74 prA0 jai0 i0 dUsarA bhAga I0 pU0 330 meM hI gaddI para baiThA thaa|42 ataeva isa hisAba se usakA chabbIsavA~ varSa 330-26= I0 pU0 304 hotA hai tathA yavanakumArI se vivAha karane kI bAta kA Azaya yaha hai ki sandhi-patra kI zarta ke anusAra selyukasa ne apanI putrI helenA kA vivAha samrATa azoka ke sAtha kiyA thaa| isase bhI yahI nirvivAda siddha hotA hai ki seMDra koTsa candragupta nahIM varan azoka hI thaa| (11) aba taka jitane bhI staMbhalekha upalabdha hue haiM aura jinheM aitihAsikoM evaM purAtattvavettAoM ne samrATa azoka ko bauddhadharma nirUpaNakartA batalAyA hai, una pratyeka ke sire para jo siMha bana huA hai usakA Azaya kyA honA cAhie ? kyA bhagavAn ke khuda ke athavA unake dharma ke kisI siddhAnta ke sAtha isa siMha kI AkRti kA koI saMbaMdha batalAyA jA sakatA hai ? nahIM usake badale jainadharma ke kucha siddhAntoM kI gaharAI ke sAtha, chAnabIna kI jAya to unameM siMha eka zreSTha prANI siddha hogaa| isI prakAra kitane hI jinAlayoM4 3 para mAMgalika cihna ke rUpa meM siMha kI hI AkRti banAI dekhane meM AtI hai| itanA hI nahIM varan yaha eka vizvavikhyAta vArtA hai ki jina bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prarUpita jainadharma kA samrAT priyadarzin parama bhakta thA una (42) samrATa azoka viSayaka kAlanirNaya ke niSkarSa 'a' tathA pairAgrApha naM. 4-5-6 aura unakI TIkAe~ / (43) nAradapurI zrAdi kaI nagaroM ke maMdira samrAT saMprati kehI banavAe hue haiM, jo Aja bhI unake kIrtigAna dvArA saMsAra ko Azcarya meM DAla dete haiM / una para bhI aneka siMha kI zrAkRtiyA~ banI huI dekhI jAtI haiN|

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mahArAjA samprati ke zilAlekha bhagavAna mahAvIra ko pahacAnane ke liye lAMchana (cihna)44 siMha hI hai aura isI liye bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana-caritra ke sAtha saMkalita hone vAlI kitanI hI ghaTanAoM ke nirdeza ke liye samrATa ne una-una sthAnoM meM ye saba staMbhalekha khar3e karavAe haiM, aura unakI pahacAna ke liye hI una saba staMmoM para unhoMne siMha kI AkRti banavAI hai| __ina saba vivaraNoM aura pramANoM se spaSTa siddha ho jAtA hai ki samrATa azoka ke batalAe jAnevAle sabhI zilAlekha aura staMbhalekha samrATa azoka ke nahIM varan samrAT saMprati ke khudavAe hue haiM aura ye saba jainadharma se saMbaMdha rakhate haiN| (44) pracalita avasarpiNI kAla meM hue caubIsoM tIrthaGkaroM ke nAma tathA unakI pahacAna karAnevAle lAMchanoM ko dekhie /

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aitihAsika amUlya pustakeM ? (1) jainajAti mahodaya prathama khaNDa sacitra- isameM jainadharma evaM jaina-jAtiyoM kA vistRta itihAsa gaharI sodha evaM khoja ke sAtha saMkalita kiyA gayA hai / pratyeka jaina ke pAsa ekeka prati avazya honI cAhiye / pRSTha 1000 citra 43 sundara chapAI bar3hiyA kAgaz2a pakko jilda hone para bhI pracArArtha mUlya mAtra ru04) (2) prosavAla kula bhUSaNa dharmavIra 'samarasiMha"-yaha eka aitihAsika grantha hai jisameM DhAI hajAra varSoM kI mahAn ghaTanAe osavAloM kI utpatti zreSThagotra vaidya muhatoM kA mahatva zatrujaya tIrtha kA pandrahavA~ uddhArAdi aneka viSayapUrNa hone para bhI pracArArtha mUlya mAtra ru0 11) (3) "aosavAlotpatti viSayaka zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna" -isameM osavAlotpatti samaya ke viSaya meM kaI loga zaMkAeM karate haiM jinakA sapramANa uttara dene ke sAtha aneka pramANoM se yaha batalAne kI ceSTA kI hai ki osavAlotpatti vi0 saM0 400 varSa pUrva huI hai yaha daladAra grantha bheTa diyA jAyagA / (4) osavAla vaMza sthApaka jainAcArya zrIratnamalasUrIzvara jI kI "jayanti"- isa kitAba meM AcArya zrI ratnamalasUri kA jIvana caritra evaM osavAloM kI utpatti kI saba ghaTanAe~ lekcara ke taura para likhI gaI haiM ki ajJAna loga isa kitAba se hI apane mahAn upakArI puruSoM kI jayanti manA ke mahAn punyopArjana kara skeN| naM0 3-4 kI donoM pustakeM kharcA kA cAra AnA Ane para bhejI jaaNygii| patA-zrI jaina zvetAmbara sabhA ___ mu0 pIpAr3a siTI mAravAr3a /