Bruhat Kalpsutra Bhashya Ek Sanskritik Adhyayan

Author(s): Mahendrapratap Sinh
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/022680/1

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha graMthamAlA 163 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya: eka sAMskRtika adhyayana DaoN0 mahendra pratApa siMha vidyApIla pArzvanAtha sabhAgarva pArzvanAtha vidyA pI Tha

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA saM. 163 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana DaoN. mahendra pratApa siMha ema.e., pI-eca.DI. prAdhyApaka, Ara. ke. esa. pI.jI. kAleja, kalavArI, mar3ihAna, mirjApura prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI

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pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA saM. 163 pustaka : bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana lekhaka : DaoN. mahendra pratApa siMha prakAzaka: pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, AI.TI.AI. roDa, karauMdI, vArANasI-221005 phona : 0542-2575521, 2575890 Emails : pvri@sify.com parshwanathvidyapeeth @rediffmail.com saMskaraNa : prathama I. san 2009 (c) pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI ISBN : 81-86715-96-8 mUlya : ru. 250/ akSara-sajjA vimala candra mizra, DI. 53/97, e-8, pArvatIpurI kAlonI, gurubAga, kamacchA, vArANasI mudraka mahAvIra presa bhelUpura, vArANasI-221010

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samarpaNa hamAre agraja evaM mArgadarzaka zrI vijaya siMha rIDara, dRzyakalA saMkAya, (vyAvahArika kalA) kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke zrI caraNoM meM sAdara smrpit| -mahendra pratApa siMha

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prakAzakIya jinazAsana kI cirajIvatA kA maulika AdhAra hai- aagm| jaina Agama granthoM meM chedasUtroM kA apratima mahattva hai| ina granthoM meM sAdhu jIvana meM karaNIya kAryoM kI vidhi aura akaraNIya kAryoM ke lie niSedha kA prAvadhAna hai| pramAda ke lie prAyazcitta kA bhI vidhAna hai| inhIM karaNIya aura akaraNIya kAryoM kI savistAra vivecanA karanevAlA grantha hai- bRhatkalpasUtra / bRhatkalpasUtra cAra cheda sUtroM meM apanA vizeSa sthAna rakhatA hai| kalpasUtra para do bhASya likhe gaye haiMbRhat aura laghu / uttarakAla meM 'bRhat' zabda kalpa kA vizeSaNa bana gayA aura isa AdhAra para sUtra kA nAma bRhatkalpasUtra ho gyaa| prastuta grantha 'bRhatkalpabhASya' bRhatkalpa para saMghadAsagaNi dvArA racita bRhatkAya bhASya hai jisameM 250 sUtroM para kula 6490 gAthAe~ haiN| isa vizAlakAya grantha kA sAMskRtika adhyayana karanA nizcaya hI eka zramasAdhya kArya hai jise DaoN. mahendra pratApa siMha ne pUrNa kiyA hai| isa grantha para abhI taka koI bhI svatantra kArya nahIM huA hai| isa grantha ko AdhAra banAkara jahA~ DaoN. motIcandra ne 'sArthavAha' nAmaka apanI pustaka kA 'jaina sAhitya meM yAtrI aura sArthavAha' nAmaka adhyayana pUrA kiyA vahI DaoN. madhu sena ne apanI kRti 'e kalcarala hisTrI oNpha nizIthacUrNi meM bhI isa grantha kA bharapUra prayoga kiyA hai jo pArzvanAtha vidyApITha se hI prakAzita hai| prastuta kRti DaoN. mahendra pratApa siMha ke pI-eca. DI. zodha-prabandha kA prakAzita saMskaraNa hai| unhoMne yaha graMtha pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ko prakAzana hetu diyA etadartha hama unake AbhArI haiN| isa graMtha ke prUpha saMzodhana kA kArya DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya, sahanidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ne kiyA hai, hama unake prati apanA AbhAra prakaTa karate haiM / graMtha kI prakAzana sambandhI vyavasthA saMsthAna ke prakAzana adhikArI DaoN. vijaya kumAra ne kiyA hai, etadartha hama unheM sAbhAra dhanyavAda dete haiN| grantha kA suMdara TaMkaNa evaM mudraNa kramazaH zrI vimala candra mizra evaM mahAvIra presa ne kiyA hai, isake lie ve nizcaya hI badhAI ke pAtra haiN| AzA hai yaha pustaka zodhArthiyoM evaM zramaNAcAra meM ruci rakhane vAle sudhI pAThakoM ke lie upAdeya siddha hogii| bhavadIya indrabhUti bara maMtrI

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AbhArokti prastuta pustaka ko pUrNatA pradAna karane hetu maiM apane parama AdaraNIya guruvara sva. pro. lakSmIkAnta tripAThI, pUrva rekTara, kA.hi.vi.vi., vArANasI tathA zodha nirdezaka pro. harihara siMha evaM pro. pArasanAtha siMha, vibhAgAdhyakSa, prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa saMskRti evaM purAtattva vibhAga, kA. hi. vi. vi., DaoN. atula tripAThI, rIDara, kalA itihAsa vibhAga, kA. hi. vi. vi. evaM zrI zyAmabAbU paTela, DipTI rajisTrAra, kA.hi.vi.vi., vArANasI kA vizeSa RNI evaM AbhArI hU~ / sva. pUjya mAtAjI, sva. pitAjI aura bar3e bhAI zrI sItArAma siMha, zrI jaya siMha, sva. rAma siMha, bar3I bhAbhI zrImatI sudAmA devI, zrImatI minTo siMha, zrImatI saroja siMha, bahana zrImatI suzIlA devI, mitra DaoN. hemanta kumAra siMha, pravaktA, kAzI vidyApITha (dakSiNa parisara) ke prati bhI AbhAra prakaTa karatA hU~, jinakA isa kRti kI pUrNatA meM pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se hameM sahayoga milatA rahA hai| maiM apanI patnI zrImatI sAdhanA rAnI, sa. a., kanyA pUrva mA. vi. imiliyA, rAjagar3ha, mirjApura jinake sahayoga evaM preraNA ke binA yaha kArya kathamapi sambhava nahIM thA, ke prati AbhAra vyakta karatA huuN| unake bar3e bhAI zrI pramoda kumAra siMha aura merI sAliyAM zrImatI sudhA rAnI, zrImatI saMdhyA siMha, zrImatI zvetA siMha, zrImatI sundarI devI, aura unake pati kramazaH zrI saMtoSa kumAra siMha, zrI azvinI kumAra siMha, zrI vimala kumAra siMha, zrI rAmavRkSa siMha, zrI dilIpa kumAra siMha, mAmA zrI kRpAzaMkara siMha, zrI mAyAzaMkara siMha, sva. rAmadhanI siMha sAtha hI sAtha samasta nikaTa saMbaMdhiyoM evaM sahayogiyoM ke prati kRtajJatA prakaTa karanA apanA karttavya samajhatA huuN| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke sahanidezaka DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya jI kA vizeSa AbhArI hU~ jinhoMne apanI sampAdana kSamatA evaM mArga nirdezana se prastuta kRti ko pUrNatA pradAna kI / vartamAna graMtha kI pUrNatA meM aneka vidvAnoM kI kRtiyoM kA maiMne sadupayoga kiyA hai, maiM sabake prati apanA AbhAra prakaTa karatA huuN| maiMne isa graMtha ko apanI kSamatA se taiyAra kiyA hai, isameM kisI prakAra kI truTiyA~ raha gayI hoM to sudhI vidvAnoM se kSamA prArthI huuN| pAThakoM se sAdara sujhAva AmaMtrita hai tAki agale saMskaraNa meM maiM unakA parimArjana kara skuuN| bhavadIya DaoN. mahendra pratApa siMha

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viSaya-sUcI prastAvanA 1-9 bRhatkalpasUtra aura jaina Agama, chedasUtroM meM bRhatkalpasUtra kA sthAna, bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya aura bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNi, bRhatkalpa-bRhadbhASya, bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya kI saMskRta-vRtti, bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya kI vissyvstu| bhaugolika sAmagrI 10-19 janapada- surASTra, avaMti, kuNAla, sindhu-sauvIra, zUrasena, kozala, aMdha, nemAla (nepAla), nagara- mathurA, ujjayinI, Anandapura, bhRgukaccha, zUrpAraka, tAmralipti, purisapura, tosali, grAma, parvata- ujjayanta, indrapada, abbuya (arbud -AbU), nadI- gaMgA, irAvai, goyaavrii| sAmAjika jIvana 20-51 varNa evaM jAti- brAhmaNa, (kSatriya) khattiya, vaizya, zUdra, aspRzya, vivAha, vivAha ke prakAra, svayaMvara vivAha, gAndharva vivAha, sAmAjika saMsthAe~, parivAra, striyoM kI sthiti, dAsa-prathA, anna-pAna, madirApAna, mAMsa bhakSaNa, rIti-rivAja, vastra evaM alaMkAra, veza-bhUSA, cAdareM, jaina sAdhviyoM kI veza-bhUSA, aujAra evaM upakaraNa, alaMkAra, krIr3A-vinoda, auSadhi evaM cikitsaa| Arthika jIvana 52-79 kRSi, kRSi upakaraNa, siMcAI, kRSi utpAdana, cAvala, gannA, kapAsa, vividha masAle, pazupAlana, vANijya aura vyApAra, sArthavAha, vyApArika mArga, sthala mArga, jalamArga, nadI aura samudra ke vyApArI, yAna-vAhana, antardezIya vyApAra, zreNiyA~, AyAtaniryAta, mUlya nirdhAraNa, udyoga-dhandhe, katAI aura bunAI, vastra nirmANa ke kendra, sUtI vastra, kASTha udyoga, citra udyoga, carma

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bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana (viii) udyoga, prasAdhana udyoga, tela udyoga, dhAtu udyoga, lauha udyoga, dantakarma, svarNa udyoga, lavaNa udyoga, bhANDa udyoga, vAstu, madya udyoga, kuTIra udyoga, raMga-udyoga, audyogika zrama, mudrAe~, kevaDika prakAra kA sikkA, rUvaga prakAra kA rajata sikkA, rUvaga kI prAmANikatA, rajata nirmita dramma, tAmra sikke, anya sikke| 5. rAjanaitika jIvana 80-95 rAjanaitika jIvana, rAjya ke prakAra, rAjA, uttarAdhikAra, rAjabhavana, zAsana-vyavasthA, kendrIya zAsana, sthAnIya zAsana, nyAya vyavasthA, senA, rathasenA, gajasenA, azvasenA, padAti senA, rAjasva vyavasthA, kara-vyavasthA, rAjya kara kI ugAhI, vyApAra kr| dhArmika jIvana 96-118 jainasaMgha kI sthiti, pravrajyA, AhAra, vastra, upAzraya, dinacaryA, vihAra-yAtrA, zIla, mRtaka-saMskAra, devI-devatA, indramaha, yakSamaha, vyaMtaramaha, bhUtamaha, skaMdamaha, zivamaha, vana-devatA, kula-devatA, yajJa, parva evaM utsv| kalA evaM sthApatya 119-126 citrakalA, mUrtikalA, sthApatyakalA, rakSA prAcIra, prAsAda nirmANa, dhArmika sthApatyakalA, caitya-stUpa, sNgiit| 8. upasaMhAra 127 sahAyaka graMtha-sUcI 132

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adhyAya- 1 prastAvanA 'bRhatkalpasUtra' jainAcAra viSayaka eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isakI racanA bhadrabAhu prathama ne kI hai| yaha do sau pacAsa prAkRta sUtroM meM nibaddha hai| isa para saMghadAsagaNi ne 6490 zloka - pramANa prAkRta bhASya likhA hai / laghubhASya abhihita isa bhASya para ajJAnatAmA eka mahAbhASya bhI likhA gayA hai jo samprati aprakAzita hai| bAda meM malayagiri ne isa para eka apUrNa saMskRta vRtti likhI / apUrNa saMskRta vRtti ko tapAgaccha ke AcArya kSemakIrti ne vikrama saMvat 1332 (1275 I.) meM pUrA kiyaa| sampUrNa grantha chaH bhAgoM meM muni zrI caturavijaya evaM muni zrI puNyavijaya dvArA sampAdita aura zrI jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, dvArA 1933 se 1944 I. prakAzita hai| bRhatkalpasUtra aura jaina Agama aMga sAhitya kA jaina dharma meM vahI sthAna hai jo bauddha dharma meM tripiTaka sAhitya kA aura hindU dharma meM vaidika sAhitya kA hai| isake antargata nimna 45 grantha zAmila kiye jAte haiM- AcAra, sUtrakRta, sthAna, samavAya, vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antakRtdazA, anuttaraupapAtikadazA, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAkazruta evaM dRSTivAda nAmaka bAraha aMga; aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, sUryaprajJapti, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, candraprajJapti, nirayAvalikA, kalpAvataMsikA, puSpikA, puSpacUlikA aura vRSNidazA nAmaka bAraha upAMga; uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika aura piNDaniryukti nAmaka cAra mUlasUtra; dazAzrutaskandha, bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha, mahAnizItha aura jItakalpa nAmaka chaH chedasUtra; nandI aura anuyogadvAra nAmaka do cUlikAsUtra; aura catuHzaraNa, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, bhaktaparijJA, tandulavaicArika, saMstAraka, gacchAcAra, gaNividyA, devendrastava aura maraNasamAdhi nAmaka dasa prakIrNaka / dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahaveM aMga ko chor3a Aja ye sabhI grantha upalabdha haiM aura ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM racita haiN| Agama granthoM kI prastuta sUcI kevala zvetAmbara (mUrtipUjaka) dharmAvalambiyoM ko mAnya hai| sthAnakavAsI kevala 32 AgamoM ko mAnate haiM / digambara sampradAya kI

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bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana mAnyatA hai ki vIra nirvANa ke bAda zruta kA kramazaH hrAsa hote hote 683 varSa ke bAda koI aMgadhara yA pUrvadhara AcArya rahA hI nahIM / ataH ve aMga aura pUrva ke aMzadhara AcAryoM kI paramparA meM hone vAle puSpadanta aura bhUtabalikRta SaTkhaNDAgama tathA AcArya guNadhara praNIta kaSAyapAhuDa ( kaSAyaprAbhRta) ko hI Agama mAnate haiM kyoMki unake matAnusAra mUla Agama grantha kramazaH vilupta ho gaye haiN| AgamoM meM caubIsaveM jaina tIrthaMkara varddhamAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko saMkalita kara zabdabaddha kiyA gayA hai| Agama granthoM kI racanA do prakAra ke logoM ne kI hai - gaNadhara aura sthavira prathama varga meM AcArAMga Adi bAraha aMga zAmila kiye jAte haiM jinakI racanA gaNadharoM yAni mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSyoM ne kI hai| dvitIya varga meM zeSa sabhI Agama Ate haiM aura unakI racanA sthaviroM yAni anya variSTha AcAryoM ne kI hai| gaNadharoM dvArA racita grantha aMgapraviSTa aura sthaviroM dvArA racita grantha aMgabAhya Agama kahalAte haiN| ataH AcArAMga Adi bAraha aMgoM ko aMgapraviSTa aura zeSa sabhI granthoM ko aMgabAhya Agama kahA jAtA hai / eka bAra uttara bhArata meM eka lambA duSkAla par3A thA jo tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke eka sau sATha varSa pazcAt (360 IsA pUrva) samApta huA / digambara sampradAya ke logoM kA mAnanA hai ki isa durbhikSa kAla meM jaina saMgha caturdazapUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu prathama tatkAlIna maurya samrATa candragupta (321 se 298 IsA pUrva) sAtha dakSiNa kI ora prasthAna kara gye| isake viparIta zvetAmbara dharmAvalambiyoM kA mata hai ki bhadrabAhu durbhikSa kAla meM nepAla cale gye| isI durbhikSa ke bAda Agama granthoM ko saMkalita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA kyoMki kAlakrama se smRti kA hrAsa hone se Agama vilupta ho rahe the / isIlie durbhikSa ke turanta bAda jaina zramaNa saMgha pATaliputra meM ekatra huA aura dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahaveM aMga ko chor3a zeSa gyAraha aMgoM ko saMgrahIta kara liyA gyaa| usa samaya dRSTivAda kA jJAna kevala bhadrabAhu ko thA jo nepAla meM tapasyA meM lIna hone se zramaNasaMgha ke sammelana meM upasthita na ho sake the| ataH zramaNasaMgha ne sthUlabhadra aura anya zramaNoM ko dRSTivAda kI vAcanA grahaNa karane ke lie bhadrabAhu ke pAsa nepAla bhejaa| unameM kevala sthUlabhadra hI dRSTivAda grahaNa karane meM samartha hue aura vaha unhIM taka surakSita bhI rahA / bhadrabAhu sthUlabhadra ko kevala dasa pUrva hI arthasahita par3hAye, zeSa cAra binA artha ke hI btaaye| uparyukta saMgoSThI ke bAvajUda Agama sAhitya kA hrAsa kramazaH hotA hI gayA / ataeva vIranirvANa ke lagabhaga 840 varSa bAda (473 I.) AcArya skandila ne mathurA meM aura lagabhaga isI samaya nAgArjuna ne valabhI meM AgamoM ke uddhAra kA eka

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prastAvanA bAra punaH prayAsa kiyaa| ina vAcanAoM se Agama granthoM meM kucha pAThAntara A gaye jisake kAraNa vIranirvANa saMvat 980 yA 993 (512 yA 525 I.) meM devarddhigaNikSamAzramaNa ne valabhI meM zramaNasaMgha ko ekatra kara upalabdha samasta zruta ko granthabaddha kiyaa| Aja jo 45 zvetAmbara jaina Agama upalabdha haiM ve isI vAcanA kI dena haiN| isa prakAra bRhatkalpasUtra jisa para saMghadAsagaNi ne bhASya likhA hai aura isa pustaka kA AdhAragraMtha hai, aMgapraviSTa ke antargata eka chedasUtra hai aura isake racayitA Arya bhadrabAhu eka caturdazapUrvadhara AcArya the| chedasUtroM meM bRhatkalpasUtra kA sthAna ___ jaina AgamoM kI jo sUcI Upara dI gayI hai unameM bRhatkalpa, chedasUtroM ke variSThatA krama meM dUsare sthAna para hai| cheda kA artha kamI yA doSa hotA hai aura jaba kisI sAdhu ke AcArya meM koI doSa lagatA hai taba usake sAdhujIvana meM kucha kamI ho jAtI hai aura use prAyazcitta karanA par3atA hai| cU~ki chedasUtroM meM inhIM prAyazcittoM kA vidhAna hai ataH ve chedasUtra kahalAte haiN| chedasUtroM meM jaina sAdhuoM ke AcAra kA sUkSma vivecana hai| isa vivecana ko nimna cAra vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai- utsarga (sAmAnya vidhAna), apavAda (paristhitijanya chUTa), doSa (utsarga athavA apavAda kA bhaMga) aura prAyazcitta (vratabhaMga ke lie samucita dnndd)| jaina saMskRti kA mUla AdhAra zramaNa dharma hai| zramaNa dharma kI siddhi ke lie AcArya dharma kA pAlana karanA anivArya hai aura AcArya dharma ko samajhane ke lie chedasUtroM kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| dUsare zabdoM meM chedasUtroM ke jJAna ke binA jaina sammata AcAra dharma kA pAlana karanA asambhava hai| anya chedasUtroM kI taraha bRhatkalpasUtra meM bhI jaina sAdhuoM ke AcAra sambandhI vidhi-niSedha, utsargaapavAda, tapa-prAyazcitta Adi kA vivecana hai lekina bRhatkalpasUtra meM sAdhusAdhviyoM ke jIvana evaM vyavahAra se sambandhita aneka mahattvapUrNa bAtoM kA sunizcita vidhAna kiyA gayA hai jo isakI apanI vizeSatA hai| isI vizeSatA ke kAraNa ise kalpazAstra (AcArazAstra) kahA jAtA hai|5 chedasUtroM meM mahattvapUrNa mAne jAne ke kAraNa hI jaina granthakAroM ne bRhatkalpa para kaI bhASya aura vRttiyA~ likhIM jinameM saMghadAsagaNi kA bhASya sabase prAcIna aura mahattvapUrNa hai| bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya aura bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNi Agama granthoM ke gUr3ha artha ko pratipAdita karane ke lie valabhI vAcanA ke bAda una para vizada vyAkhyA-sAhitya kI racanA kI gayI jinheM hama nimna pA~ca

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bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana vargoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM- niyuktiyA~, bhASya, cUrNiyAM, saMskRta vRttiyAM aura lokabhASA meM racita vyaakhyaayeN| niyuktiyA~ aura bhASya jainAgamoM kI padyabaddha prAkRta TIkAe~ haiM jabaki cUrNiyAM prAkRta-saMskRta mizrita gadya zailI meM likhI gayI haiN| niyuktiyA~ AcArya bhadrabAhu dvitIya kI racanAe~ haiM jo ki prasiddha jyortivid varAhamihira ke sahodara bhAI the|6 cUrNiyAM aura saMskRta Adi vRttiyAM bhASya ke bAda kI racanAe~ haiM aura inakI racanA kaI AcAryoM ne alaga-alaga samaya meM kI hai| cUrNikAroM meM jinadAsagaNi mahattara (sAtavIM sadI I. kA uttarArdha) aura saMskRta TIkAkAroM meM haribhadra (AThavIM sadI I. kA pUrvArddha) vizeSa mahattva ke haiN| niyuktiyoM kA mukhya prayojana AgamoM ke pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karanA hai jabaki bhASyoM kA pratipAdya viSaya una zabdoM meM chipe hue gUDha artha ko abhivyakta karanA hai| aba taka kevala do hI bhASyakAroM ke nAma jJAta hue haiMjinabhadragaNi aura sNghdaasgnni| vizeSAvazyakabhASya aura jItakalpabhASya jinabhadragaNi kI racanAe~ haiM jabaki bRhatkalpabhASya evaM paMcakalpabhASya saMghadAsagaNi kI kRtiyA~ haiN| saMghadAsagaNikRta do bhASyoM meM kevala bRhatkalpabhASya hI prakAzita hai| saMghadAsagaNi ke mAtA-pitA, janma-sthAna, zikSA-dIkSA, samaya Adi ke sambandha meM koI sUcanA nahIM milatI hai lekina bhaugolika sAkSya se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prastuta bhASya pazcima bhArata meM likhA gayA aura bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNi isI kSetra ke rahane vAle the kyoMki isa bhASya meM isa kSetra ke bahuta se dezoM evaM nagaroM yathA Anandapura, ujjainI, dvArikA, prabhAsa, bhRgukaccha, lATa, surASTra, bhillamAla, maru, pratiSThAna Adi kA ullekha huA hai| isake atirikta merU, aSTApada, himavanta, sammeta Adi mahattvapUrNa parvatoM ko chor3a jina anya parvatoM kA ullekha huA hai unameM jAne-pahacAne nAma kevala arbuda, AbU aura ujayanta (giranAra, jUnAgar3ha) ke haiM jo isI kSetra meM sthita haiN| paristhitijanya sAkSya se bhI isI bAta kA samarthana hotA hai| kyoMki bRhatkalpabhASya meM bhRgukaccha (bhar3auca) ke bauddha zrAvakoM dvArA jaina sAdhviyoM ke apaharaNa kA ullekha hai|" saMghadAsagaNi nAma ke do AcArya hue haiN| eka ne bRhatkalpabhASya aura dUsare ne vasudevahiNDI prathama khaNDa kI racanA kI hai| bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNi kA vizeSaNa kSamAzramaNa hai jabaki vahudevahiNDI ke racayitA 'vAcaka' zabda se vibhUSita haiN| lekina unake kAla ke bAre meM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hai| jahA~ taka bhASyakAra

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prastAvanA jinabhadragaNi kA prazna hai ve vikrama saMvat 650 (593 I.) ke Asa-pAsa maujUda the| cU~ki jinabhadragaNi ne apane grantha 'vizeSaNavatI' meM vasudevahiNDI-prathama khaNDa meM RSabhadevacarita kI saMgrahaNI gAthAe~ banAkara unakA apane grantha meM samAveza kiyA hai ata: ve vasudevahiNDI- prathama khaNDa ke praNetA vAcaka saMghadAsagaNi se pUrvavartI haiN|10 bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNi bhASyakAra jinabhadragaNi ke pahale hue yA bAda meM yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA parantu itanA nizcita hai ki ve jaina AgamoM ke marmajJa vidvAna the aura chedasUtroM para unakA vizeSa adhikAra thaa|11 sambhavataH saMghadAsagaNi 600 I. ke Asa-pAsa hue the| bRhatkalpa-bRhadbhASya bRhatkalpasUtra para prAkRta gAthAoM meM eka aura bhASya likhA gayA jisake lekhaka kA nAma ajJAta hai| saMghadAsagaNi ke bhASya se alaga pahacAna ke lie hI ise mahAbhASya aura saMghadAsagaNi ke bhASya ko laghubhASya kahA jAtA hai| AkAra meM bar3A hone ke kAraNa hI ise mahAbhASya kahA gayA hai| durbhAgya se yaha apUrNa hI upalabdha hai aura abhI taka aprakAzita hai| isameM laghubhASya kI kucha gAthAoM ko jyoM kA tyoM aura kucha meM hera-phera kara Age pIche rakhA gayA hai| isa samaya isameM lagabhaga sAta hajAra gAthAe~ haiM aura jaba yaha grantha pUrNa rahA hogA taba usameM lagabhaga 15 hajAra gAthAe~ rahI hoMgI jo ki laghubhASya kI lagabhaga doganI haiN|12 cU~ki saMskRta TIkAkAra kSemakIrti ne bRhadbhASya kA ullekha kiyA hai aura usameM laghubhASya samAhita hai ata: isakI racanA kSemakIrti se pUrva aura saMghadAsagaNi se bAda meM huI pratIta hotI hai| bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya kI saMskRta-vRtti niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM aura cUrNiyoM ke bAda jainAcAryoM ne jaina AgamoM para saMskRta TIkAe~ bhI likhiiN| inakI racanA se jaina sAhitya kA kAphI vistAra huaa| saMskRta TIkAkAroM ne jaina AgamoM para likhe bhASya Adi ke viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA aura naye-naye hetuoM dvArA unheM puSTa bhI kiyaa| inakI racanA se jaina AgamoM ko samajhane meM kAphI madada milii| ina saMskRta TIkAkAroM meM eka mahattvapUrNa nAma malayagiri kA hai jo prasiddha jaina AcArya hemacandra ke samakAlIna the|13 malayagiri ne saMghadAsagaNikRta 'bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya' kI pIThikA kI bhASya gAthA 606 paryanta hI apanI bRhatkalpapIThikAvRtti likha ske| zeSa pIThikA tathA Age ke mUla uddezoM

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bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana ke bhASya kI vRtti AcArya kSemakIrti ne 1275 I. meM pUrA kiyA jisakA granthamAna 42600 zloka pramANa hai| bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya kI viSayavastu 14 yaha bhASya bRhatkalpasUtra kI taraha hI chaH uddezoM meM vibhakta hai| isake atirikta bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNi ne 805 zloka - pramANa eka pUrvapIThikA likhI hai| isameM bRhatkalpasUtra ke prathama uddeza ke 59 sUtroM para 2484, dvitIya uddeza ke 25 sUtroM para 389, tRtIya uddeza ke 31 sUtroM para 1998, caturtha uddeza ke 37 sUtroM para 805, paMcama uddeza ke 42 sUtroM para 378 aura SaSTha uddeza ke bIsa sUtroM para 431 gAthAe~ likhI gayI haiN| isa prakAra pIThikA sahita sampUrNa bhASya meM kula 6490 padyabaddha prAkRta gAthAe~ haiN| pIThikA meM maMgalAcaraNa ke bAda jJAnapaMcaka, anuyoga aura kalpavyavahAra Adi jaina-dharma-darzana ke maulika siddhAntoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| pIThikA ke bAda bhASyakAra ne pratyeka mUlasUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue prasaMgavaza usa kAla kI sAmAjika, Arthika, rAjanaitika, bhaugolika, dhArmika Adi paristhitiyoM kI bhI carcA kI hai| ye sabhI carcAe~ Amataura para zramaNa- zramaNiyoM ke saMdarbha meM hI kI gayI haiN| prathama uddeza pralambasUtra meM zramaNa- zramaNiyoM ke AhAra ke sambandha meM tAla, Amra Adi phaloM kA, unake upAzrayoM ke sandarbha meM- grAma, nagara, kheTa, karvaTa, maDamba, pattana, Akara, droNamukha, nigama, rAjadhAnI, Azrama, niveza, sambAdha, ghoSa, aMzikA, puTabhedana, zaMkara Adi vastiyoM kA, tIrthaMkara ke samavasaraNa ke sandarbha meM - vaimAnika, jyotiSka, bhavanapati, vyaMtara Adi devoM kA, samavasaraNa kI racanA ke sandarbha meM - prAkAra, dvAra, patAkA, dhvaja, toraNa, citra, caityavRkSa, Asana, chatra, cAmara Adi kA, zramaNa - zramaNiyoM ke bhikSA upakaraNoM kA, rathayAtrA jaise mele kA, bImAra sAdhuoM kI cikitsA ke sambandha meM ATha prakAra ke vaidyoM kA, nagara, grAma Adi durga ke andara aura bAhara sthita vastiyoM kA, eka parikSepa (cahAradivArI) aura eka yA aneka dvAra vAle grAmoM kA aneka parikSepa aura aneka dvAra vAle grAma kA, upAzraya meM ghaTImAtraka rakhane kA, upAzraya meM cAra prakAra ke cilimilikA yA pardA TAMgane kA, citrakarma yukta upAzrayoM kA, deva, manuSya evaM tiryanca kI pratimAoM se yukta upAzrayoM kA, zramaNa- zramaNiyoM ke vihAra ke saMdarbha meM vairAjyoM (viruddharAjya) kA, dezAntara, rAtri yA vikAla meM gamana ke samaya zramaNa

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prastAvanA zramaNiyoM ko carma evaM lauha ke upakaraNoM ko rakhane kA, pantha aura mArga ke bhedaprabhedoM kA, pA~ca prakAra ke sArthoM kA, ATha prakAra ke sArthavAhoM kA, ATha prakAra ke sArtha vyavasthApakoM kA, vihAra yogya kSetroM kA, chaH Arya jAtiyoM kA, chaH AryakuloM Adi kA ullekha huA hai| dvitIya uddeza kI vyAkhyA meM upAzrayaprakRta, sAgArikapArihAri prakRta, AhRtikAnihRtikA prakRta, aMzikAprakRta, pUjyabhaktopakaraNaprakRta, upadhiprakRta tathA rajoharaNaprakRta, ina sAta sUtroM kA adhikAra hai jinameM prasaMgavazAt zAli, brIhi Adi dhAnyoM kA, surAvikaTa kumbha, sitodakavikaTa kumbha, jyoti, dIpaka, piNDa, dugdha, dadhi, navanIta, vaMzI, vRkSa Adi padArthoM kA, jAMgika, bhAMgika, sAnaka, potaka aura tirITapaTTaka ina pA~ca prakAra ke vastroM kA, pA~ca prakAra ke rajoharaNoM Adi kA ullekha huA hai| tRtIya uddeza upAzrayapravezaprakRtasUtra meM yathAprasaMga saloma-carma kA, kRtsna evaM akRtsna vastroM kA, saMstAraka, uttarapaTTa, rajoharaNa (UnI evaM sUtI), mukhavastrikA, gocchaka Adi kapar3oM kA, tumba, kASTha aura mRta pAtroM kA, nirgranthiyoM ke adhobhAga evaM UrdhvabhAga ko Dhakane vAle vastroM kA, senA ke svarUpa Adi kA ullekha huA hai| caturtha uddeza meM anuddhAtika Adi se sambandha rakhane vAle pArAMcika, anavasthApya, vAcanA Adi solaha prakAra ke sUtra haiM jinameM prasaMgavaza gaMgA, yamunA Adi mahAnadiyoM kA, airAvatI Adi choTI nadiyoM kA, mRtyu prApta sAdhu ke zarIra ke pratiSThApanA Adi kA ullekha huA hai| paMcama uddeza meM brahmApAya Adi gyAraha prakAra ke sUtra haiM jisameM prasaMgavazAt, Alepana, tela Adi kA ullekha huA hai| __SaSTha uddeza meM vacana Adi se sambandhita sAta prakAra ke sUtroM kA samAveza hai jinameM prasaMgavazAt alIka vacana, mRSAvAda, apuruSavAda, utsargamArga, zramaNazramaNiyoM hetu vyavahita mArga, prAyazcitta, bhaktapAna, kaukucika, maukharika, cha: prakAra kI kalpa sthitiyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| AcAra viSayaka sandarbho ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie bhASyakAra ne taraha-taraha ke paurANika aura lokapracalita dRSTAnta diye haiM jinase sAMskRtika sAmagrI meM aura bhI vRddhi huI hai| itanI vipula sAMskRtika sAmagrI kA samaveta adhyayana abhI taka nahIM huA hai| isakA eka pramukha kAraNa yaha hai ki isa vizAla graMtha kA

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8 . bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana kucha varSoM pUrva taka kevala mUla hI prakAzita thaa| lekina pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI dvArA 'jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-3 (1989) evaM jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU se muni dulaharAja dvArA anudita (hindI anuvAda) evaM sampAdita saMskaraNa (2007)ke prakAzita ho jAne se graMtha meM praveza AsAna ho gayA hai| prastuta adhyayana se pUrva kucha vidvAnoM ne isa grantha kA apane-apane saMdarbha meM upayoga avazya kiyA hai| inameM sabase pramukha DaoN. motIcanda haiM jinhoMne apane grantha 'sArthavAha' meM bRhatkalpabhASya meM varNita sArtha evaM sArthavAha se saMbaMdhita sAmagrI kA bharapUra upayoga kiyA hai| taduparAnta DaoN. madhusena ne apanI pustaka 'e kalcarala sTaDI Apha dI nizIthacUrNi' meM prasaMgavaza kucha saMdarbha prastuta kI haiN| parantu durbhAgya se itane vizAla aura bahuvidha sAmagrI se yukta isa mahattvapUrNa grantha kA saMpUrNa sAMskRtika adhyayana abhI taka nahIM huA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM maiMne isa mahattvapUrNa jaina grantha meM nihita saMpUrNa sAMskRtika sAmagrI ko eka jagaha ekatra kiyA hai aura usakA samucita vivecana kara tatkAlIna pariprekSya meM Akalana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| sandarbha 1. mohanalAla mehatA, jaina dharma-darzana, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1973, pR. 21 / 2. hIlAlAla jaina, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, bhopAla, 1975, pR. 35-36 3. mohanalAla mehatA, jaina dharma-darzana, pR.16 4. e.ema. ghATage, da klAskila aija, sampAdaka, Ara.sI. majumadAra, bambaI, 1970, pR. 415 5. jagadIzacandra jaina va mohanalAla mehatA, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-2, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha-saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1966, pR. 253 6. mohanalAla mehatA, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-3, vArANasI, 1989, pR. 6-7 7. bRhatkalpasUtra bhASya, sampAdaka, Agama manISI muni dulaharAja, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU, 2007, gAthA 2047-2105 8. bRhatkalpasUtra bhASya, prastAvanA, pR. 20

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prastAvanA 9. mohanalAla mehatA, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-3, pR. 11 10. vahI, pR. 123 11. devendramuni zAstrI, sAhitya aura saMskRti, vArANasI, 1970, pR. 48 12. mohanalAla mehatA, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-3, pR. 263-265 13. vahI, pR. 386 14. vahI, pR. 214-251

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adhyAya-2 bhaugolika sAmagrI bRhatkalpabhASya meM bhUgola viSayaka sAmagrI yatra-tatra prakIrNa rUpa se upalabdha hotI hai jisameM janapada, nagara, grAma, parvata aura nadiyA~ Adi ullikhita haiN| inake parizIlana se tatkAlIna bhArata kI bhaugolika dazA kA Akalana yathArtharUpeNa hotA hai| inakA vistRta vivaraNa nimnalikhita zIrSakoM ke antargata kiyA gayA hai| janapada rAjA dvArA zAsita prajA ko 'jana' kahate the| prajA ke nivAsa kSetra ko janapada kahate the| prastuta grantha meM jina janapadoM yA dezoM kA ullekha hai unameM mukhya haiMsurASTra, avaMti, kuNAla, sindhu-sauvIra, zUrasena, kozala, AMdhra aura nepaal| surASTra bRhatkalpabhASya meM surASTra kI gaNanA mahArASTra, Andhra aura kuDukka (kurga) jaise dezoM ke sAtha kI gaI hai| vahA~ ke rAjA samprati ne apane bhaToM ko bhejakara jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| usake samaya meM yahA~ jaina dharma kA kAphI pracAra-prasAra huaa| vartamAna gujarAta pradeza kA kAThiyAvAr3a kSetra hI prAcIna surASTra thaa| kAlakAcArya yahA~ pArasakula (IrAna) se 96 zAhoM ko lekara Aye the, isalie isa deza ko 96 maMDaloM meM vibhakta kiye jAne kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| surASTra vyApAra kA eka bahuta bar3A kendra thA jahA~ dUra-dUra ke vyApArI mAla kharIdane Ate the| dvArakA (jUnAgar3ha) saurASTra kI mukhya nagarI thii| isakA dUsarA nAma kuzasthalI bhI thaa| dvArakA eka atyanta aura samRddha-nagara thA jo cAroM ora se pASANa ke prAkAra se pariveSTita thaa| vasudevahiNDI meM use anArta, kuzArta aura saurASTra kI rAjadhAnI kahA hai| avanti avanti eka prAcIna janapada thaa| ujjayinI isakA mahattvapUrNa nagara thaa| use uttara avanti kI rAjadhAnI kahA gayA hai| jIvantasvAmI pratimA ke darzana karane

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bhaugolika sAmagrI 11 ke lie yahA~ rAjA samprati aura Arya suhasti padhAre the| isake alAvA AcArya caMDarudra ne yahA~ vihAra kiyA thaa| jaina sAdhuoM ko yahA~ kaThora niyamoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA thaa|21 avaMti janapada kI pahacAna vartamAna meM mAlavA kSetra (ma.pra.) se kI jAtI hai|12 kuNAla kuNAla janapada ko hI uttara kozala kahA jAtA thaa| sarayU nadI kozala janapada ko uttara kozala aura dakSiNa kozala ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karatI hai|13 kuNAla deza kI rAjadhAnI zrAvastI thI, jisakI tulanA saheTa-maheTa (jilA goMDA, u.pra.) se kI jAtI hai| yaha nagarI airAvatI nadI ke kinAre basI thii| jaina sUtroM meM ullekha hai ki isa nadI meM bahuta kama pAnI rahatA thA, isake aneka pradeza sakhe the aura jaina zramaNa ise pAra karake bhikSA ke lie jAte the|14 isa nadI meM bAr3ha Ane se logoM kA bahuta nukasAna ho jAtA thaa|15| jinaprabhasUri ke anusAra yahA~ samudravaMzIya rAjA rAjya karate the, jo buddha ke parama upAsaka the aura buddha ke sammAna meM varaghor3A nikAlate the| yahA~ para kaI kisma kA cAvala paidA hotA thaa|16 ___ ityeva nippaMjaMti nANAvihA sAlI' sindhu-sauvIra sindhu-sauvIra donoM eka hI janapada meM sammilita the| sindu deza meM bAr3ha bahuta AyA karatI thii| yaha deza carikA, parivrAjikA, karpATikA, taMcanikA (bauddhabhikSuNI) aura bhAgavI Adi aneka pAkhaNDI zramaNiyoM kA sthAna thA, ataH jaina sAdhuoM ko isa deza meM gamana karane kA niSedha thaa| yadi kisI aparihArya kAraNoM se unheM vahA~ jAnA par3e to zIghra hI lauTa Ane kA vidhAna thaa|17 bhojanapAna kI yahA~ zuddhatA nahIM thii| mAMsa bhakSaNa kA yahA~ rivAja thaa| yahA~ ke nivAsI madyapAna karate the18 aura madyapAna ke pAtra se hI pAnI pI liyA karate the| bhikSA prApta karane ke lie yahA~ svaccha vastroM kI AvazyakatA hotI thii|19 vItibhayapaTTana sindhu-sauvIra kI rAjadhAnI thii| isakA dUsarA nAma kumbhAraprakSepa (kumArapakkhepa) batAyA gayA hai| 'siNavallIe kuMbhArapakkheva nAma paTTaNaM'20 yaha nagara siNavalli meM avasthita thaa| siNavalli eka vikaTa registAna thA jahA~ vyApAriyoM ko kSudhA aura tRSNA se pIr3ita ho apane jIvana se hAtha dhonA

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12 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana par3atA thaa|21 siMdhu nadI ke AsapAsa kA eka bar3A bhUbhAga jisake aMdara sauvIra tathA siNavallinAmaka registAna bhI zAmila thaa|22 zUrasena zUrasena eka mahattvapUrNa janapada thA jisakI rAjadhAnI mathurA thii| isake antargata 96 grAmoM meM loga apane-apane gharoM aura caurAhoM para jinendra bhagavAn kI pratimA sthApita karate the|23 yahA~ sarvaratnamaya-stUpa hone kA ullekha hai, jise lekara jaina aura bauddhoM meM jhagar3A ho gayA thaa| anta meM isa para jainoM kA adhikAra ho gyaa|24 kozala jainasUtroM meM kozala eka prAcIna janapada mAnA gayA hai| vaizAlI meM janma lene ke kAraNa mahAvIra ko vaizalika kahA jAtA thaa| usI taraha RSabhanAtha ko kauzalika (kosaliya) kahA jAtA thaa| yaha acala gaNadhara kA janmasthAna thaa|25 kozala kA prAcIna nAma vinItA bhI thA isalie vinItA ko kuzalA nAma se bhI kahA gayA hai|26 yahA~ ke nivAsI sovIra (madirA) aura cAvala ke kAphI zaukIna the| ___ heTThAvaNi kosalagA sovIragakUrabhoiNo maNuyA / 27 ayodhyA ko kozala, vinItA, ikSvAkubhUmi, rAmapurI aura vizAkhA nAmoM se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| jinaprabhasUri ne ghagghara (ghAgharA) aura sarayU ke saMgama para svargadvAra hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| jattha ghagghara daho saraUnaIe samaM milittA saggaduvAraM / 28 aMdha bRhatkalpabhASya meM aMdha yA Andhra kA ullekha eka janapada ke rUpa meM huA hai| yaha eka anArya deza thA lekina saMprati ne ise sura?, draviDa Adi ke sAtha jaina zramaNoM kA vihAra kSetra bnaayaa|29 yaha janapada godAvarI aura kRSNA nadiyoM ke bIca meM sthita thaa|30 nemAla (nepAla) nepAla meM hI pramukha gaNadhara bhadrabAhu durbhikSa ke samaya meM nivAsa kiye the|31 yahA~ para coroM kA AtaMka nahIM thA ataH jaina sAdhuoM ke liye yahA~ kRtsnavastra pahananA vihita thaa|32 vahA~ ke kambala prasiddha the|23

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bhaugolika sAmagrI nagara mathurA mathurA zUrasena kI rAjadhAnI thii| mathurA uttarApatha kI eka mahattvapUrNa nagarI mAnI gayI hai| yahA~ sarvaratnamaya stUpa kA ullekha milatA hai|34 mathurA meM aMtima kevalI jambUsvAmI kA nirvANa huA thA, isalie siddha kSetroM meM isakI gaNanA kI gaI hai|35 mathurA ko vyApAra kA mukhya kendra batAyA gayA hai, aura vastra ke liye yaha vizeSa rUpa se prasiddha thaa|36 yahA~ ke logoM kA mukhya pezA vyApAra thA, khetIbArI yahA~ nahIM hotI thii|37 ujjayinI ujjayinI avanti deza kI rAjadhAnI thii| yaha nagara vyApAra kA bar3A kendra thaa| yahA~ ke vyApArI vibhinna dezoM meM vyApAra ke lie jAte the| isakI pahacAna Adhunika ujjaina se kI jAtI hai jo ziprA nadI ke kinAre sthita hai| ujjayinI dakSiNApatha kA sabase mahattvapUrNa nagara thaa|38 Anandapura uttara gujarAta meM AnaMdapura (bar3anagara) bhI jaina zramaNoM kA kendra thaa|29 Anandapura ke nivAsI sarasvatI nadI ke pUrvAbhimukha pravAha ke pAsa zarada Rtu meM saMkhaDi tyohAra manAte the| selapure isitalAgammi hoti aTThAhiyA mahAmahimA / koMDalameMDha pabhAse, abbuya pAdINavAhammi / / 40 bhRgukaccha bRhatkalpabhASya meM bhRgukaccha (vartamAna bhar3auMca, gujarAta) kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| yaha eka prasiddha vyApArika kendra thA aura suvarNabhUmi (varmA) ke sAtha isakA vyApAra hotA thaa|2 bhRgukaccha (bhar3auMca) aura tAmralipti (tAmaluka) droNamukha kahe jAte the jahA~ jala evaM sthala mArgoM se vyApAra hotA thaa|3 AvazyakacUrNi se jJAta hotA hai ki bhRgukaccha aura ujjaina ke bIca 25 yojana kA antara thaa|4 vyaMtara kuNDalameMTha ke sammAna meM yahA~ utsava manAyA jAtA thaa|45

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14 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana zUrpAraka soppAraya vartamAna sopArA, jilA ThANA, mahArASTra nagara vyApAra kA bahuta bar3A kendra thA aura yahA~ bahuta se vyApArI rahate the| 6 bhRgukaccha aura suvarNabhUmi (varmA) ke sAtha isa nagara kA vyApAra hotA thaa|7|| zUrpAraka nagara kA rAjA vyApAriyoM (negama) se kara vasUla karane meM jaba asamartha ho gayA to apane zulkapAloM ko bhejakara usane unake ghara jalA dene kA Adeza diyaa|8 tAmralipti tAmralipti eka droNamukha thA jahA~ jala aura thala donoM rAstoM se vyApAra hotA thaa| yaha vaMga pradeza kI rAjadhAnI thii|49 purisapura yaha gAMdhAra deza kA eka nagara thaa| eka bAra pATaliputra ke rAjA muruNDa ne yahA~ eka dUta bhejA thaa|50 tosali tosali prAcIna kaliMga deza kA pramukha nagara thaa| yahA~ jaina dharma kA kAphI prasAra huA thaa| jainadharma kA mahAn poSaka samrATa khAravela yahIM kA zAsaka thaa| bRhatkalpabhASya meM isakA kaI sthaloM para vibhinna saMdarbho meM ullekha huA hai| yahA~ ke nivAsI phala-phUla ke bahuta zaukIna the|51 yahA~ para kAphI varSA hotI thI jisase phasaleM kabhI-kabhI naSTa ho jAtI thiiN| aisI paristhiti meM jaina sAdhuoM ke lie nAriyala ke phala khAkara jIvita rahane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai|52 yaha kSetra tAlAboM ke lie bhI prasiddha thaa|53 uparyukta nagaroM ke atirikta nimna nagaroM kA kevala ullekha mAtra huA haikAMcI (vartamAna kAMcIpurama)54 kusumapura (prAcIna pATaliputra)55 turumiNi'6, puSpapura,57 (pezAvara), poyaNapura-8, (potanapura) aura paiTThANa (prtisstthaanpur)|59 grAma prAcIna kAla se hI bhArata ke adhikAMza loga grAmoM meM nivAsa karate the aura nagaroM meM nivAsa karane vAle bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM grAmoM se jur3e rahate

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bhaugolika sAmagrI 15 the| gA~voM meM gAya, bhaiMsa, pAlane vAle bhI bar3I saMkhyA meM rahate the| bRhatkalpabhASya meM aise gA~voM ko 'ghoSa' kahA gayA hai|60 prastuta graMtha meM solaha prakAra kI vastiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai yathA- grAma, nagara, kheTa, karbaTa, maDamba, pattana, droNamukha, Azrama, puTabhedana, ghoSa, nigama, rAjadhAnI, niveza, sambAdha, aMzikA, aakr| se gAmaMsi vA nagaraMsi vA kheDaMsi vA, kabbaDaMsi vA maDaMbaMsi vA paTTaNaMsi vA AgaraMsi vA doNamuhaMsi vA nigamaMsi vA, rAyahANiMsi vA AsamaMsi vA nivesaMsivA saMbAhaMsi vA ghosaMsi vA aMsiyaMsi vA, puDabheyaNaMsi saMkaraMsi vA saparikkhevaMsi abAhiriyaMsi kappai niggaMthANaM hemaMtagimhAsu egaM mAsaM vtthe||61 inakA vistRta vivaraNa prastuta grantha ke dhArmika jIvana nAmaka adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| kucha gA~va jaMgala yA pahAr3I ke Asa-pAsa banAye jAte the| vahA~ para kRSaka apanA anAja ekatra karake rakhate the| aise gA~voM ko 'sambAdha' yA 'saMvAha kahA jAtA thaa|62 kucha gA~voM ke cAroM ora miTTI kI prAcIra banAI jAtI thii| aise gA~voM ko (kheTa) kahA jAtA thaa| surakSA aura suvidhA ke lie kucha gA~voM ko eka kendrIya gA~va banAyA jAtA thA jo nagara se choTA aura sAdhAraNa gA~va se bar3A hotA thA aura jisake cAroM ora miTTI kA parakoTA banA hotA thaa| aise gA~va ko 'karbaTa' kahA jAtA thaa|63 kauTilya ne do sau gAMvoM ke bIca eka karbaTa banAne ke lie kahA hai| gAMvoM meM rahane vAloM kI sukha-suvidhAoM kA dhyAna rakhA jAtA thaa| gA~va prAyaH Atmanirbhara hote the|64 bRhatkalpabhASya meM Adarza gA~va kI vizeSatA batAyI gayI hai- jahA~ pAnI ke lie kuA~ ho, khelane ke lie maidAna ho, pazuoM ke lie cArAgAha ho, vana pradeza nikaTa ho, baccoM ke khelane ke lie maidAna ho aura dAsiyoM ko ghUmane ke lie sthAna ho| pratyeka gA~va kI apanI sImA hotI thii|65 vivakSita nAmaka grAma ke pAsa pUrva dizA meM manAye jAne vAle utsava ko puraH saMkhaDi aura pazcima dizA meM manAye jAne vAle utsava ko pazcima saMkhaDi kahA jAtA thaa|66 sammelana athavA goSThI meM apane sambandhiyoM evaM mitroM ko bhojana ke lie nimaMtrita kiyA jAtA thaa| aise samaya gA~va ke aneka loga ikaTThe hote, tathA bhojana Adi karate the|67 parvata ujjayanta dvArakA ke uttara-pUrva meM raivataka parvata thA jise urjayanta bhI kahate the| rudradAmana aura skandagupta ke girinAra zilAlekhoM meM isakA ullekha hai| yahA~ eka

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16 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana nandanavana thA jisameM surapriya nAmaka yakSa kA eka maMdira thaa| raivataka (ujjayaMta) parvata aneka pakSI, latAoM Adi se suzobhita thaa| yahA~ pAnI ke jharane the68 aura loga prativarSa saMkhaDi manAne ke lie ekatrita hote the| yahA~ bhagavAna ariSTanemi ne nirvANa prApta kiyA thA,69 isalie isakI gaNanA siddhakSetroM meM kI jAtI hai| indrapada isa parvata kA dUsarA nAma ajAgrapadagiri thaa| yaha parvata cAroM ora gA~voM se ghirA huA thaa|deg AvazyakacUrNi meM bhI isa parvata kA ullekha milatA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne yahA~ rAjA dazArNabhadra ko dIkSA dI thii| dazArNapura ke uttarapUrva meM dazArNakUTa nAma kA parvata thA jisakA dUsarA nAma ajAgrapada giri athavA indrapada bhI thaa|71 abbuya (arbud -AbU) yaha jainoM kA eka mahattvapUrNa prAcIna tIrtha sthala hai| yaha rAjasthAna ke sirohI jilA meM sthita hai| prAcIna kAla meM yahA~ saMkhaDi kA parva manAyA jAtA thaa|72 yahA~ RSabhanAtha aura neminAtha ke vizvavikhyAta maMdira haiN| inameM se eka 1032 I. meM vimalazAha kA aura dUsarA 1232 I. meM tejapAla kA banavAyA huA hai| nadI gaMgA __ bharaha kSetra ke pA~ca pramukha nadiyoM meM gaMgA bhI eka mahattvapUrNa nadI thii| bRhatkalpabhASya meM gaMgA nadI kA eka bar3I nadI ke rUpa meM ullekha mAtra kiyA gayA hai| jina pAMca nadiyoM ko bahujalA aura mahArNava kahA gayA hai, ve haiM- gaMgA, yamunA, sarayU, kozikA aura mhii|73 irAvai vartamAna meM isakI pahacAna rAptI se kI jAtI hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM ullekha hai ki yaha nadI bahuta chichalI thI aura isako AsAnI se pAra kiyA jA sakatA thaa| isa nadI ke kucha bhAga sUkhe bhI rahate the ata: jaina sAdhu ise pAra kara bhikSA lene AyA-jAyA karate the|74

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bhaugolika sAmagrI goyAvarI isakI pahacAna vartamAna godAvarI nadI se kI jAtI hai|75 isI nadI para paiTThANa sthita thaa|76 isa prakAra yaha grantha bRhatkalpasUtra kAlIna bhaugolika paristhitiyoM kI samyakatayA vivecana karatA hai jisameM usa samaya pracalita dezoM, grAmoM, janapadoM, nadiyoM, parvatoM, kA upalabdha tathyoM ke AdhAra para varNana kiyA gayA hai| saMdarbha 1. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3289 2. aitihAsika sthAnAvalI, vijayendra kumAra mAthura, rAjasthAna hi.gra.a. jayapura, 1990, pR. 977 3. jagadIzacandra jaina, jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 472 4. dazavaikAlikacUrNi, pR. 40 5. mahAbhArata, sabhAparva, 14.53 6. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 1123 7. vasudevahiNDI, pR. 77 8. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 6102 9. vahI, gA. 3277 10. vahI, gA. 6103 11. vahI, gA. 5706 12. jagadIzacandra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 480 13. vahI, pR. 485 14. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 5639 15. jai. A. sA. meM bhA. sa., pR. 485 16. jinaprabhasUri, vividhatIrthakalpa, pR. 70 17. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 5441, 42 18. vahI, gA. 1239 (dekheM vRtti) 19. nizIthacUrNi 15.5094 kI cUrNi 20. AvazyakacUrNi, zrIRSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zvetA. saMsthA, ratalAma, 1929, 2, pR. 37

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18 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 21. Avazyaka cUrNi, pR. 34 22. jagadIzacandra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pRSTha 482 23. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 1776 Adi 24. sAnuvAda vyavahArabhASya, 2331 25. bRhatkalpabhASya, vRtti, saMpA. muni catura vijaya evaM muni puNya vijaya, zrI AtmAnanda jaina, sabhA bhAvanagara, 1938, gA. 5824 26. AvazyakaTIkA (malayagiri), pR. 214 27. piNDaniyukti, 619 28. vividhatIrthakalpa 13, pR. 24 29. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3289 30. vahI, gA. 6247 31. A.cU., 2, pR. 187 32. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3912 33. vahI, gA. 3823 34. sAnuvAda vyavahArabhASya, saMpA. muni dulaharAja jaina vi. bhA. 2004, 2331 35. jagadIzacandra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 483 36. Avazyaka TIkA (haribhadra), pR. 307 37. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 1239 38. vahI, gA. 3277 39. ni. cU. 5.2140, pR. 357 40. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3150 41. vahI, gA. 2054 42. avadAna, 2.47613 Adi 43. bRhatkalpabhASya, vRtti 1090 44. Ava. cU. 2, pR. 160 45. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 4219 46. vahI, gA. 2506 47. avadAna, 2.476 48. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2506 49. vahI, gA. 1090

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bhaugolika sAmagrI 50. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2291 51. vahI, gA. 1239 52. jai.A.sA. meM bhA.sa., pR. 467 53. vahI, gA. 3429 54. vahI, gA. 3892 55. vahI, gA. 4124 56. vahI, gA. 5258 57. vahI, gA. 1349 58. vahI, gA. 6198 59. vividhatIrthakalpa, 23, pR. 47 60. vahI, gA. 1092 61. vahI, gA. 1088-1093 62. vahI, gA. 1092 63. vahI, gA. 1089 64. kauTilya, arthazAstra; 2.1.19 65. parasIyaM pi vayeti hu, suddhataro bhaNatijA sasImA tu ujjANa avattA yA ukkIlatAM umuddhyro| -bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 1098 66. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3143 67. ni. sU. 11.80 kI cUrNi 68. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2922 69. A. ni. 307, kalpasUtra 6.174; pR. 182 jJAtAdharmakathA 5, pR. 68; antakRddazA 5, pR. 28; uttarAdhyayana TI. 22, pR. 280 70. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 484 71. A. cU., pR. 476 A. TI., pR. 468 72. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3150 73. vahI 5619 74. vahI, gA. 5619 75. vahI, 5619 76. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 6244

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adhyAya-3 sAmAjika jIvana bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya se hameM tatkAlIna sAmAjika vyavasthA evaM jIvana nirvAha se sambandhita pramANoM kA pracura mAtrA meM ullekha milatA hai| usa samaya ke logoM ke varNa evaM jAti, rahana-sahana, khAna-pAna, vivAha, saMskAra, vastra evaM AbhUSaNa, krIr3A-vinoda, auSadhi evaM cikitsA ityAdi ke viSaya meM savistAra varNana milatA hai| jaisA ki hameM vidita hai ki sAmAjika vyavasthA na kevala samAja ke sabhI pahaluoM ko darzAtI hai, balki sAMskRtika, rAjanItika, Arthika evaM dhArmika pakSoM ko bhI ujAgara karatI hai, bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya se bhI hameM isa taraha ke pramANa prApta hote haiN| varNa evaM jAti prAcIna bhAratIya samAja varNoM evaM jAtiyoM meM vibhAjita thaa| samAja kA yaha vibhAjana sAmAjika (vaMza paramparA tathA rIti-rivAjoM ke kAraNa), Arthika (AjIvikA kI dRSTi se), rAjanaitika, dhArmika evaM bhaugolika paristhitiyoM kA pariNAma thaa| dharmazAstra ke AdhAra para jAti-vyavasthA ke kucha viziSTa guNa batAye gaye haiM aura inhIM guNoM ke kAraNa eka jAti dUsarI jAti se bhinna AcaraNa karatI huI pAyI gayI hai| ve guNa haiM- vaMza paraMparA, jAti ke bhItara hI vivAha karanA evaM eka hI gotra meM kucha viziSTa sambandhiyoM meM vivAha na karanA, bhojana sambandhI varjanA, vyavasAya (AjIvikA ke AdhAra para jAti vyavasthA), jAti zreNiyA~ (kucha uccatama evaM kucha nimnatama) aadi| pI.vI. kANe ne varNa aura jAti meM antara batAte hue ullekha kiyA hai ki varNa kI dhAraNA vaMza, saMskRti, caritra (svabhAva) evaM vyavasAya para AdhArita hai, jaba ki jAti-vyavasthA janma evaM anuvAMzikatA para bala detI hai aura binA kartavyoM kA vizleSaNa kiye vizeSAdhikAroM para hI AdhArita hai| samAja meM vyakti kA prabhAva aura mahattva varNa ke AdhAra para nizcita hotA hai| varNa-vyavasthA ke antargata karma kA pradhAna sthAna hai tathA pratyeka varNa kA apanA viziSTa kartavya hotA hai|

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sAmAjika jIvana 21 jainagranthoM meM Arya aura anArya do jAtiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| Arya athavA ibhya jAtiyoM meM kula chaha jAtiyoM kI gaNanA kI gaI hai- ambaSTha, kalinda, vaideha, vidaka, hArita aura tntunn| chaha kulAryoM kA bhI ullekha hai- ugra, bhoga, rAjanya, kSatriya, jJAta, kaurava aura ikssvaaku| uggA bhogA rAiNNa khattiyA taha ya NAta koravvA / ikkhAgA vi ya chaTThA, kulAriyA hoMti nAyavvA / / bauddha dharma kI taraha jaina dharma meM bhI cAra varNoM (brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra) vAlI vyavasthA ko mahattvapUrNa nahIM mAnA gyaa| lekina isakA yaha tAtparya kadApi nahIM nikAlanA cAhie ki jaina granthakAroM ko inakI jAnakArI nahIM thI kyoMki prastuta grantha meM yatra-tatra inakA ullekha huA hai| brAhmaNa vaidika kAla se hI brAhmaNoM ko sabhI vargoM meM zreSTha kahA gayA hai| ve paThanapAThana ke sAtha yajJa-havana Adi uttama kArya meM rata rahate the| rAjadarabAroM meM unheM viziSTa sthAna prApta thA tathA rAjA ke saciva Adi zreSTha padoM ko suzobhita karate the| antyeSTi kriyA ke bAda mRtaka AtmA kI zAMti ke lie brAhmaNoM ko ghara bulAkara bhojana karAyA jAtA thaa| viziSTa brAhmaNoM ko dAna dene kI bhI prathA thii| 'bRhatkalpabhASya meM unake sambandha meM itanA hI ullekha hai ki ve SaT aMga (zikSA, vyAkaraNa, nirukta, chaMda, jyotiSa aura kalpa), cAra veda (Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda aura atharvaveda) mImAMsA, nyAya, purANa aura dharmazAstra- ina caudaha vidyAoM meM kuzala hote the| eka jagaha yaha bhI ullekha hai ki brAhmaNa kabhI kisI devatA ko prasanna karane ke liye Agantuka puruSa ko mAra DAlate aura jahA~ vaha mArA jAtA usa ghara ke Upara zIlivRkSa zAkhA kA cihna banA diyA jAtA thaa| (kSatriya) khattiya kSatriya samAja kA poSaNa aura rakSA karatA thaa| samAja ke saMvardhana meM usakA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna thaa| rAjA ke rUpa meM kSatriya kA vizeSa kartavya thaa| zastra dhAraNa karanA, deza kA niSpakSa zAsana karanA aura varNAzrama dharma kI rakSA krnaa| jaina graMthoM meM kSatriyoM kA bahuta bakhAna kiyA gayA hai| caubIsoM jaina tIrthaMkara kSatriya kula meM hI utpanna batAye gaye haiN| kSatriya 72 kalAoM kA adhyayana karate aura yuddha-vidyA meM kuzalatA prApta karate the| apane bhujabala dvArA ve deza para zAsana karane kA adhikAra prApta karate the| aise kitane hI kSatriya rAjAoM aura rAjakumAroM

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22 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana kA ullekha milatA hai jinhoMne saMsAra tyAgakara siddhi prApta kii| inameM ugra, bhoga, rAjanya, kSatriya, jJAta aura ikSvAku mukhya haiN| vaizya jaina dharma ko mAnane vAle jyAdAtara loga vyApArI the, jaisA Aja bhI hai, kyoMki isa dhaMdhe meM hiMsA hone kI kama guMjAiza rahatI hai| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM vaizyoM kA spaSTa ullekha to nahIM hai parantu usameM jo saMdarbha vANijya-vyApAra, udyogadhaMdhe, sArthavAha Adi se saMbaMdhita haiM aura jisakI vizad carcA Arthika jIvana vAle adhyAya meM kI gaI hai ve saba isI varga ke logoM se saMbaMdhita haiN| isa dhandhe meM lipta logoM ko vaNika, zreSThI aura sArthavAha kahA jAtA thaa| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM kiThi vaNika', zreSThIputra thAvacca', zreSThIputra sAlibhaddadeg aura sArthavAha kA bhI ullekha huA hai| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' kI vRtti meM dRr3hamitra aura dhanamitra'3 jaise prasiddha sArthavAhoM kA ullekha hai| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM eka aise zreSThI kA bhI ullekha hai jo aTThAraha kArIgaroM se kArya karAtA thaa|14 dhana kI samucita vyavasthA ke lie vaNika apanI zreNiyA~ banAte the jisase vyApAra meM unheM suvidhA hotI thii| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM isI taraha ke eka sArasvata gAthA kA ullekha bhI milatA hai|15 zUdra samAja meM zUdra kA sthAna atyanta nimna thaa| use patita aura heya samajhA jAtA thaa|6 lekina na to 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM aura na hI anya jainagraMthoM meM zUdra abhihita kisI varNa kA ullekha hai| isakA pramukha kAraNa yaha hai ki jaina paraMparA meM hindU varNa vyavasthA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| jaina paraMparA ke anusAra to samAja kA koI bhI vyakti jainasaMgha kA sadasya ho sakatA hai| unake yahAM vargavibheda jaisI koI bAta hI na thii| phira bhI jina logoM ko zUdra ke antargata rakhA gayA hai unake kucha saMdarbha yahA~ prastuta kiye jA rahe haiN| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM carmakarma ke bAre meM batalAyA gayA hai ki vastra ke abhAva meM jaina-sAdhu camar3e kA upayoga kara sakatA hai| __kosaga naharakkhaTThA, himA-'hi-kaMTAisU u khapusAdI / kattI vi vikaraNaTThA, vivitta puDhavAirakkhaTThA / / 17 isI prakAra jaina sAdhviyoM ke sambandha meM ullekha hai ki AvazyakatA par3ane para ve lomarahita carma kA upayoga kara sakatI haiN|18 ina do uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki usa samaya carmakAra maujUda the jinakI gaNanA zUdravarNa ke antargata

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sAmAjika jIvana kI jAtI thii| isI prakAra vastroM ko raMgane vAle rajaka bhI maujUda the|19 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM kaI taraha ke lauha upakaraNoM kA ullekha hai jisase pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya lohAra bhI the| isI taraha lakar3I ekatrita karane vAloM ko kaTTahAraga, ghAsa kATane vAle ko taNahAraga aura patte ikaTThe karane vAloM ko pattahAraga kahA gayA hai|21 aspRzya 'bRhatkalpasUtra' meM aspRzyoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai jabaki samasAmayika anya jaina graMthoM22 meM inakA ullekha huA hai| 'bRhatkalpabhASya kI vRtti meM Domba, caNDAloM Adi kA ullekha hai23 jo aspRzya mAne jAte haiN| vivAha prAcInakAla se hI vivAha kI prathA sabhI samAjoM meM vidyamAna pAyI jAtI hai| vaMza, kula aura parivAra kI nirantaratA vivAha se banI rahI hai tathA jIvana ke vividha pakSa isase anuprANita hote rahe haiN| isa grantha meM dhArmika vizvAsa, sthAyitva aura sAmAjikatA ye tInoM vizeSatAe~ parilakSita hotI haiN| hindU saMskRti meM vivAha kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, kyoMki vahA~ yaha eka dhArmika saMskAra ke rUpa meM gRhIta hai| isake antargata strI-puruSa kA yauna sambandha hI nahIM AtA balki usakI dhArmika, sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika kriyAe~ bhI AtI haiM jinake mAdhyama se mAnava parivAra aura samAja kA vikAsa hotA hai| vastutaH santAna kI utpatti, unakI dekha-rekha aura lAlana-pAlana, Arthika AvazyakatA kI pUrti aura sAmAjika uttaradAyitva tathA sadAcAra kA anugamana evaM naitika mUlyoM kI sthApanA vivAha ke AdhAra para hI hotI hai| jaina AgamoM meM vivAha ke sambandha meM nizcita vyavasthA kI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| hAM itanA avazya kahA gayA hai ki vara aura vadhU ko samAna Ayu kA honA caahie| prAcIna bhArata meM bar3I avasthA meM vivAha honA hAniprada samajhA jAtA thaa| eka lokazruti uddhRta kI gayI hai ki yadi kanyA rajasvalA ho jAya to jitane usake rudhira ke bindu gireM, utanI hI bAra usakI mAtA ko naraka kA duHkha bhoganA par3atA hai| mAM te phaMsejja kulaM AdijjamANA suyA vayaM pattA / dhammo ya lohiyassA jai biMdU tattiyA narayA / / 24

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24 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana vivAha ke prakAra jainasUtroM meM vivAha ke tIna prakAra kA ullekha milatA hai- vara aura kanyA donoM pakSoM ke mAtA-pitAoM dvArA Ayojita vivAha, svayaMvara vivAha tathA gAndharva vivaah|25 prathama prakAra ke vivAha mAtA-pitA dvArA Ayojita kiye jAte the| yahI Arya vivAha pracalana meM rahA hogaa| svayaMvara vivAha isa prakAra ke vivAha meM kanyA apane pasanda vara kA svayaM cunAva karatI thii| rAje-mahArAje hI apanI kanyAoM ke lie svayaMvara racAte the| sambhavataH madhyama varga ke logoM meM svayaMvara kI prathA nahIM thii| nimna varga ke logoM meM yaha prathA avazya thii| udAharaNa ke lie, tosali deza meM eka vyAgharaNazAlA thii| yaha zAlA gA~va ke bIcobIca banI thii| isake madhya meM eka agnikuNDa sthApita kiyA jAtA thA, jisameM agni hamezA jalatI rahatI thii| isa zAlA meM eka svayaMvarA dAsaceTI aura bahuta se dAsaceTaka praveza karate the, aura jisa ceTaka ko kanyA pasanda kara letI, usI ke sAtha usakA vivAha ho jAtA thaa|26 gAndharva vivAha isa vivAha meM vara aura kanyA apane mana pasanda kA cunAva kara lete the aura binA apane mAtA-pitA kI anumati ke evaM binA hI kisI dhArmika vidhividhAna ke zAdI kara lete the| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM eka aise hI zAdI kA ullekha hai jisameM baladeva nisaDha ke putra sAgaracaMdra aura rAjakumArI kamalAmelA meM nArada jI ne eka-dUsare ke prati AkarSaNa utpanna kara diyaa| kamalAmelA nAgasena ko dI jA cukI thI, lekina vaha sAgaracaMda se prema karane lgii| sAgaracaMda ne zaMba se kisI taraha use prApta karane kA anurodha kiyaa| usane pradyumna se prajJaptividyA grahaNa kI aura usake vivAha ke dina usakA haraNa kara laayaa|27 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM bhAI-bahana kI zAdI ke bhI ullekha milate haiN| ujjainI kA gardabha nAma kA yuvarAja apanI bahana aDoliyA para Asakta ho gayA aura apane amAtya dIrghapRSTha ke sujhAva para, bhUmigRha meM usake sAtha rahane lgaa| golla deza meM isa prakAra ke vivAha kA pracalana thaa|28 jainoM ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke samaya vivAha kI yaha prathA pracalita batAyI gayI hai| svayaM RSabhadeva ne apanI bahana sumaMgalA ke sAtha vivAha kiyA thaa| isI prakAra unake putra bharata aura bAhubali kA vivAha brAhmI aura sundarI nAma kI unakI bahanoM ke sAtha huA thaa|29

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sAmAjika jIvana 25 kanyA ke mAtA-pitA apane jamAI ko apane ghara rakha lenA pasanda karate the| pArasa deza meM bhI isa prathA kA calana thaa| azvoM ke kisI mAlika ne kisI daridra AdamI ko apane ghor3oM kI dekhabhAla ke lie naukara rakha liyA thaa| usake yahA~ prati varSa prasava karane vAlI ghoDiyA~ thIM, naukara ko usakI majadUrI ke badale do ghor3e dene kA vAdA kiyA gyaa| dhIre-dhIre usa naukara kA azvasvAmI kI kanyA se paricaya ho gyaa| isa bIca meM jaba usake vetana kA samaya AyA taba usane azvasvAmI kI kanyA se pUchakara sarvottama lakSaNayukta do ghor3e chA~Ta liye| yaha dekhakara azvasvAmI soca-vicAra meM par3a gyaa| Akhira usane naukara ke sAtha apanI kanyA kA vivAha kara use gharajamAI banA liyaa|30 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM bahu-patnI rakhane kI prathA kA ullekha milatA hai| kisI gRhastha ne apanI cAroM striyoM ko mArakara ghara se nikAla diyaa| usakI pahalI patnI ghara se nikalakara dUsare ke ghara calI gayI, dUsarI apanI kulagRha meM jAkara rahane lagI, tIsarI apane pati ke kisI mitra ke ghara pahu~ca gayI, lekina cauthI piTI jAne para bhI vahIM rhii| pati apane cauthI patnI se bahuta prasanna huA aura usane use gRhasvAminI banA diyaa|31 sAmAjika saMsthAe~ parivAra __parivAra athavA kuTumba sAmAjika jIvana kI ikAI hI nahIM balki AdhArazilA hai| janma se lekara mRtyu taka kI sArI vyavasthA pArivArika saMgaThana ke antargata hI saMcAlita hotI hai| mAtA-pitA, pati-patnI, bhAI-bahana aura putraputrI ke saMyoga se parivAra kA nirmANa hotA hai| ataH parivAra saMsthA kA udbhava aura vikAsa isI AdhAra para huA hai| parivAra ke saba loga eka hI sthAna para rahate, eka hI jagaha pakAyA huA bhojana karate tathA sarvamAnya jamIna jAyadAda kA upabhoga krte| striyA~ chAr3ane-pichAr3ane, pIsane-kUTane, rasoI banAne, bhojana parosane, pAnI bharane aura bartana mAMjane Adi kA kAma krtiiN|22 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM saMskAroM kA ullekha AtA hai| jisa dina manuSya saMsAra tyAga karatA thA usa dina usakA niSkramaNa-saMskAra hotA thaa| yaha kisI zubha divasa para hI hotA thaa| prAyaH caturthI athavA aSTamI ke dina isake lie azubha samajhe jAte the|33

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26 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana striyoM kI sthiti prAcIna bhAratIya sAmAjika vyavasthA meM striyoMkA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| unheM vivAha, zikSA sampatti Adi meM adhikAra prApta the| kanyA ke rUpa meM, patnI ke rUpa meM tathA mA~ ke rUpa meM ve hindU parivAra aura samAja meM AdRta thiiN| parivAra aura samudAya meM unake dvArA kanyA, patnI, vadhU aura mA~ ke rUpa meM kiye jAne vAle yogadAna kA sarvadA mahattva aura gaurava rahA hai| bhAratIya dharmazAstra meM nArI sarva-zakti-sampanna mAnI gaI tathA vidyA, zIla, mamatA, yaza aura sampatti kI pratIka samajhI gii|34 'jainasUtroM meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jaba kanyA paidA hotI hai to pitA ke adhIna rahatI hai, jaba usakA vivAha ho jAtA hai to pati ke adhIna ho jAtI hai, aura jaba vidhavA hotI hai to putra ke adhIna ho jAtI hai- tAtparya yaha ki nArI svataMtra nahIM raha sakatI thii|35 'bRhatkalpabhASya' se bhI nArI ke bAre meM mahattvapUrNa sUcanA milatI hai| koI vadhU apane ghara kI khir3akI meM baiThI-baiThI nagara kI sundara vastue~ dekhA karatI thii| kabhI vaha koI julUsa dekhatI, to kabhI idharaudhara bhAgate hue ghor3e yA ratha se honevAlI halacala dekhtii| dhIre-dhIre para-puruSoM meM usakI ruci hone lgii| yaha dekhakara usake zvasura ne use rokA, para vaha nahIM maanii| usakI nindA kI, phira bhI koI asara na huaa| tatpazcAt kor3e se pITI gayI, phira bhI na maanii| yaha dekhakara anta meM ghara se nikAla diyA gyaa|36 prastuta grantha meM usa samaya zramaNoM kI apekSA zramaNiyoM para jyAdA aMkuza thA kyoMki 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM striyoM ko dRSTivAda sUtra par3hane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki strI svabhAva se durbala, ahaMkAra bahula, caMcala-indriya aura mAnasa se durbala hotI hai, ataeva mahAparijJA, aruNopapAta Adi aura dRSTivAda paThana karane kA use niSedha hai|37 'jainasUtroM' meM ullekha hai ki tIna varSa kI paryAyavAlA nirgrantha tIsa varSa kI paryAyavAlI zramaNI kA upAdhyAya tathA pA~ca varSa kI paryAyavAlA nirgrantha sATha varSa kI paryAyavAlI zramaNI kA AcArya ho sakatA hai| usa samaya striyoM kI samAja meM sammAnajanaka sthiti thii| striyoM ko caudaha ratnoM meM ginA gayA hai|38 mallikumArI ne strI hokara bhI tIrthaMkara kI padavI prApta kii|39 bRhatkalpabhASya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jala, agni, cora athavA duSkAla kA saMkaTa upasthita hone para sarvaprathama strI kI rakSA karanI caahie| isI prakAra DUbate samaya bhikSu-bhikSuNI meM se pahale bhikSuNI ko aura kSullaka-kSullikA meM se pahale kSullikA ko bacAnA caahie|41

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sAmAjika jIvana 27 puruSa ke apanI striyoM ke satItva ke viSaya meM zaMkAspada hone kA ullekha bhI prApta hotA hai| eka bAra rAjA zreNika bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vandanA karake sAyaMkAla ke samaya ghara lauTa rahe the| mAgha kA mahInA thaa| mArga meM cellaNA ne eka sAdhu ko pratimA meM sthita dekhaa| ghara jAkara vaha so gyii| rAta ko sotesote usakA hAtha nIce laTaka gayA aura vaha ThaMDa se sunna ho gyaa| isase cellaNA ke sAre zarIra meM zIta vyApta ho gyii| yaha dekhakara rAnI ke mu~ha se acAnaka hI nikala par3A- 'usa becAre kA kyA hAla hogA'? rAjA ne samajhA avazya hI rAnI ne kisI para puruSa ko Ane kA saMketa de rakhA hai| krodha meM Akara usane abhayakumAra ko antaHpura meM Aga lagA dene kA Adeza diyaa| usake bAda apanI zaMkA kI nivRtti ke lie zreNika ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa pahu~cakara prazna kiyA- 'mahArAja cellaNA kA eka pati hai yA aneka? mahAvIra ne uttara diyaa'ek'| yaha sunakara zreNika turanta hI vApasa lauttaa| Ate hI usane abhayakumAra se pUchA- kyA tumane antaHpura meM Aga lagavA dI'? abhaya kumAra ne kahA- 'hA~ mhaaraaj'| zreNika ne kahA- 'tuma bhI usameM kyoM na jala mare'? abhaya ne uttara diyA- 'mahArAja, maiM to yaha saba kAMDa dekhakara pravajyA lene jA rahA huuN|'42 dAsa-prathA prastuta grantha meM dAsa-prathA kA varNana milatA hai| dAsa-prathA kA usa samaya calana thaa| dAsa aura dAsI ghara kA kAma-kAja karate hue apane mAlika ke parivAra ke sAtha hI rahate the| ghara meM kAma karane vAle naukara-cAkaroM meM karmakara (kammakara), ghoTa (caTTa), preSya (pesa), bhRtaka puruSa aura gopAlakoM kA ullekha milatA hai|43 dAsa aura dAsI kI gaNanA dasa prakAra ke parigrahoM meM kI gayI hai|4 nizIthacUrNi meM chaha prakAra ke dAsa batAye gaye haiM- kucha loga janma se hI dAsavRtti karate the (garbha), kucha ko kharIdA jAtA thA (krITa), kucha RNa na cukA sakane ke kAraNa dAsa banA liye jAte the (RNaka), kucha durbhikSa ke kAraNa dAsavRtti karate the, kucha jurmAnA Adi na de sakane ke kAraNa dAsa bana jAte the aura kucha karja na cukA sakane ke kAraNa bandIgRha meM DAla diye jAte the|75 bRhatkalpabhASya meM ullekha hai ki RNagrasta hone para dAsoM ko dAsavRtti svIkAra karanI par3atI thii| aisA vyakti yadi dIkSA grahaNa karanA cAhe to use dIkSA kA niSedha thaa| aise vyakti ko yadi kahIM paradeza meM dIkSA de dI jAye aura sAhUkAra use pahacAna le aura apane ghara le jAnA cAhe to AcArya ko

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28 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana apane dIkSita ziSya ke svara meM parivartana kara, vidyA, maMtra aura yoga-bala se usakI rakSA kre| yaha sambhava na hone para vidyA Adi ke bala se dhana kamAkara aura usakA karja cukAkara dIkSita sAdhu ko dAsavRtti se mukta karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| anna-pAna jIvana kI mukhya AvazyakatAe~ haiM bhojana, vastra aura rahane ke liye ghr| cAra prakAra ke bhojana kA ullekha 'jainasUtroM meM upalabdha hotA hai- azana, pAna, khAdya (khAima), aura svAdya (saaim)|7 ubAle gaye padArthoM ko azana (cAvala Adi), peya padArthoM ko pAna (surA Adi), cabAkara khAne ko khAdya (phala Adi) aura svAda ke lie khAye padArthoM ko svAdya (zakkara, pAna Adi) kahate haiN|48 bRhatkalpabhASya meM sabhI taraha ke padArthoM kA ullekha milatA hai| prastuta grantha meM brIhi 9 kA varNana hai jisase pratIta hotA hai ki loga cAvala ko ubAlakara khAte the| eka jagaha pakvAnna kA ullekha bhI huA hai|5deg eka sthAna para pUrya kA ullekha huA hai jise sambhavataH gehU~ ko bhUnakara taiyAra kiyA jAtA thaa| isI prakAra moraNDaka bhI banAyA jAtA thaa| loga dUdha aura dUdha ke bane padArtha yathA dahI, navanIta,53 ghI,54 zrIkhaNDa'5 Adi kA bhI prayoga karate the| loga bela kA bhI paryApta prayoga karate the|56 eka jagaha phANiya kA ullekha hai jo Ikha ke rasa se banA eka prakAra kA rAba hotA thaa| phaloM meM tAr3a, nAriyala, kaitha, A~valA aura Ama kA ullekha hai aura zAka-sabjiyoM meM laukI kA ullekha hai|58 miSThAnnoM meM AhaDiyA kA ullekha hai jise upahAra ke rUpa meM dUsaroM ke ghara bhI bhejA jAtA thaa|59 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM eka viziSTa prakAra ke bhojana kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jise pulAka kahA gayA hai| isake tIna prakAra bhI batAe gae haiM- dhAnyapulAka, gaMdhapulAka aura rspulaak| yaha bahuta sarasa evaM gariSTha bhojana hotA thaa| isIlie jaina nirgranthiyoM ko nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki jisa dina unheM pulAka prApta ho jAya usa dina unheM usase hI saMtoSa kara lenA cAhie lekina bhUkha lagane para yadi kSudhA zAnta na ho to dubArA bhikSA ke lie ve jA sakatI haiN|60 dAla aura sabjiyoM ko ghI se snigdha karake svAdiSTa banAne ke lie hIMga aura jIre kA chauMka diyA jAtA thaa|61 'nizIthacUrNi' se jJAta hotA hai ki bhojana meM supAcya aura pauSTika sabjiyoM kI pradhAnatA thii|62 sampanna loga kalamazAli kA AhAra karate the|63 nizIthacUrNi se jJAta hotA hai ki eka nirdhana strI ke ghara kodava kA hI bhojana

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sAmAjika jIvana banatA thA eka bAra usakA bhAI kahIM dUra deza se AyA usake sammAna ke lie vaha kisI dhanI ke ghara se zAli kA bhojana mAMga kara laaii|64 jaina granthoM meM ucca tathA nimna varga meM kahIM samAnatA dikhAI nahIM pdd'tii| samAja kA eka aisA vippanna varga bhI thA jo kaSTapUrNa jIvana bitA rahA thA unheM bharapeTa bhojana bhI sulabha nahIM thaa|65 madirApAna madya aura mAMsa kI ginatI acche bhojana meM kI jAtI thii| jainasUtroM meM 18 prakAra ke vyaMjanoM meM madya aura mAMsa kA ullekha milatA hai| zarAba bar3e parimANa meM taiyAra kI jAtI thI, aura khapata bhI isakI bahuta thii| madyazAlAoM (pANAgAra; kappazAlA) meM taraha-taraha kI zarAba banAkara becI jAtI thii|66 rasa vANijya (zarAba kA vyApAra) kA 15 karmayAnoM meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| mahArASTra meM zarAba kI dukAnoM (rasApaNa) para dhvajA lagAne kA rivAja thaa|67 'bRhatkalpasUtra' meM jaina bhikSu aura bhikSuNiyoM ko usa sthAna para Thaharane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai jahA~ madya ke kumbha rakhe rahate hoN|68 dhyAna rakhane kI bAta hai ki jaina sAdhu ko madyapAna kA sarvathA niSedha thA,69 lekina upasarga, durbhikSa, AtaMka, bur3hApA, roga Adi upasthita hone para mArga kA anusaraNa kara ve madyapAna kara sakate the| 'glAnatve vA vaidyopadezena vikaTaM grhiitvym'|70 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM madya ko svAsthya aura dIpti kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai|71 cAvala athavA ganne ke rasa se zarAba (viyaDa = vikaTa) banAyI jAtI thii| yaha do prakAra kI hotI thI, surAvikaTa aura sauviirviktt| vrIhi Adi ke piSTa se banI huI zarAba ko surAvikaTa tathA drAkSA, khajUra Adi ke dvArA banAyI huI zarAba ko sauvIravikaTa (madya) kahA jAtA thaa|72 vAMzI (vAMsa ke aMkuroM se banAyI huI) aura phalasurA phaloM ke rasa Adi se banAyI huI; ise sauvIra bhI kahA gayA hai,73 zarAboM ke kApizAyana Adi (bR.ka.bhA. 3408) nAma bhI ullikhita haiN| mAMsa bhakSaNa madyapAna kI bhAMti usa samaya mAMsabhakSaNa kA bhI rivAja thaa| jaina sAdhuoM ko diye jAne vAle bhikSApiMDa meM dUdha, dahI, makkhana, ghI, gur3a, tila, madhu Adi ke sAtha madya aura mAMsa kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| mAMsa yA matsya ko pakatA huA dekhakara sAdhu ke lie yAcanA na karane kA vidhAna hai lekina vaha kisI

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30 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana roga Adi se AkrAnta ho to yaha niyama lAgU nahIM hotaa| corapalli athavA zUnya grAma meM se hokara jAte hue sAdhu ke lie matsya mAMsa kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| beiMdiyamAINaM, saMtharaNe caulahU u savisesA 1 te ceva asaMtharaNe, vivirIya sabhAva sAhAre || 74 sAmAnyatayA jaina bhikSuoM ke lie madya, mAMsa kA niSedha hI batAyA gayA hai / katipaya dezoM meM matsya aura mAMsa bhakSaNa kA rivAja thA / udAharaNa ke lie siMdhu deza meM loga mAMsa se nirvAha karate the, tathA AmiSa - bhojI vahA~ bure nahIM samajhe jAte the| 75 sUryaprajJapti (51, pR. 151 ) meM ullekha hai ki amuka nakSatra meM cAsaya, mRga, cItA, meMDhaka, nakhavAle jantu, varAha, tItara kA mAMsa bhakSaNa karane se siddhi prApta hotI hai| rIti-rivAja AdikAla se hI jAdU-TonA aura aMdha-vizvAsa prAcIna bhArata ke sAmAjika jIvana meM mahattvapUrNa rahe haiN| kitane hI maMtra, mohanI, vidyA, jAdU, ToTakA Adi kA ullekha 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM milatA hai jinake prayoga se rogI caMge ho jAte, bhUta-preta bhAga jAte, zatru hathiyAra DAla dete, yuddha meM vijayalakSmI prApta hotI aura gupta dhana mila jAtA thaa| AcArya bhadrabAhu eka mahAn naimittika mAne gaye haiM jo maMtravidyA meM kuzala the| maMtrapATha dvArA kula devatA ke upadrava ko bhI zAnta kiyA jAtA thaa| 76 maMtravidyA kI sahAyatA se azva utpAdana karane kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| 77 yadi kabhI koI pratyanIka sArthavAha sAdhuoM ke gaccha ko nikAla detA, yA unakA bhakta-pAna banda kara detA, to abhicAru vidyA par3hakara use lauTAyA jAtA thaa| 79 isI prakAra vasati meM rahate hue yadi jala, agni athavA A~dhI kA upadrava hotA to staMbhinI vidyA kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / udagA-'gaNi-vAyAisu, annassa'satIi thaMbhaNuchavaNe / saMkAmiyammi bhayaNA, uTThaNa thaMDilla unnattha // yadi sarpa Adi koI viSailA jantu vasati meM ghusa jAtA to apadrAvaNa (uddavaNa) vidyA dvArA use anyatra pahu~cAyA jAtA thaa| 1 staMbhinI aura mohanI vidyAoM dvArA coroM kA staMbhana aura mohana kiyA jAtA / 82 AbhoginI vidyA japane para dUsare ke mana kI bAta kA patA laga jAtA, tathA prazna, devatA aura nimitta dvArA coroM kA patA lagAyA jAtA thaa| 83

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sAmAjika jIvana 31 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM kucha vidyAoM ko ucchiSTa bhI kahA gayA hai| gaurI, gaMdhArI Adi vidyAe~ mAtaMgavidyA mAnI gayI haiN|84 yadi koI sAdhu zauca gayA huA ho aura zauca zuddhi ke lie use prAsuka jala na mila sake to ucchiSTa vidyA kA jApa karake, mUtra Adi dvArA zauca kI zuddhi kI jA sakatI hai| Acamana dvArA rogI ko acchA karane kA vidhAna hai| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM jAdU-TonA aura jhAr3a-phUMka Adi kA bhI vidhAna milatA hai| najara se bacane ke lie tAbIja Adi bA~dhA jAtA thaa|86 zarIra kI rakSA ke liye abhimaMtrita kI huI bhasma malane athavA DorA Adi bA~dhane ko bhUtakarma kahate haiN| kabhI bhasma kI jagaha gIlI miTTI kA bhI upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| jaina zramaNa apanI vasati, zarIra aura upakaraNa Adi kI rakSA ke lie, coroM se bacane ke lie athavA jvara Adi kA staMbhana karane ke lie bhUti kA upayoga karate the| nimitta dvArA bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna meM lAbha hAni kA jJAna prApta kiyA jA sakatA thaa| cUr3AmaNi nimittazAstra kA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha thaa|88. 'jainasUtroM' meM aneka zubha-azubha zakunoM kA ullekha milatA hai| jagahajagaha snAna, balikarma, kautuka, prAyazcitta kA ullekha hai| aneka vastuoM kA darzana zubha aura azubha mAnA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke lie, yadi bAraha prakAra ke vAdyoM kI dhvani eka sAtha sunAI de (nanditUrya), zaMkha aura paTaha kA zabda sunAI par3e, tathA pUrNa kalaza,89 zRMgAra, chatra, camara, vAhana, yAna, zramaNa, saMyata, dAMta, puSpa, modaka, dahI, matsya, ghaMTA aura patAkA kA darzana ho to use zubha batAyA hai|90 caraka, tApasa, rogI, vikalAMga, Atura, vaidya, kaSAya vastradhArI, dhUli se dhUsarita, malina zarIra vAle, jIrNavastradhArI, bAyeM hAtha se dAhine hAtha kI ora jAne vAle snehAbhakta zvAna, kubjaka aura baune, garbhavatI nArI, baDDakumArI (bahuta samaya taka jo kuMvArI ho), kASTha bhAra ko vahana karane vAlI aura kuMccadhara (kUrcadhara) ke darzana ko apazakuna kahA hai; inake darzana se uddezya kI siddhi nahIM hotii|11 yadi cakracara kA darzana ho jAya to bahuta bhramaNa karanA par3atA hai, pAMDuraMga kA darzana ho to bhUkhe maranA hotA hai|92 taccantika (bauddha sAdhu) kA ho to rudhirapAta hotA hai aura voTika kA darzana hone se nizcaya hI maraNa samajhanA caahie|93 pATaliputra meM rAjA muruNDa rAjya karatA thaa| eka bAra usane apane dUta ko puruSapura bhejaa| lekina vahA~ raktapaTa sAdhuoM ko dekha, usane rAjabhavana meM praveza nahIM kiyaa| eka dina rAjA ke amAtya ne use batAyA ki yadi raktapaTa galI ke bhItara yA bAhara mileM to unheM apazakuna nahIM samajhanA caahie|94

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32 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana dizAoM ko bhI zubha aura azubha batAyA gayA hai|95 uttara aura pUrva dizAoM ko loka meM pUjya kahA gayA hai, ataeva zauca ke samaya ina dizAoM kI ora pITha karake nahIM baiThanA caahie|16 mAnyatA yaha hai ki naiRtya dizA meM zavasthApana karane se sAdhuoM ko pracura anna, pAna aura vastra kA lAbha hotA hai| pUrva dizA ko pasanda karane se gaNa yA caritra meM bheda ho jAtA hai, uttara dizA ko pasanda karane se roga zAnta ho jAtA hai, aura uttara-pUrva dizA ko pasanda karane se sAdhu ke maraNa kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai|97 sAdhu ke kAlagata ho jAne para zubha nakSatra meM hI use le jAne kA vidhAna hai| yadi samakSetra (30 muhUrta yogya) ho to eka hI putalA banAnA cAhie aura yadi apArdha-kSetra (15 muhUrta yogya) ho to eka bhI putalA banAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM haiN| isake atirikta jisa dizA meM zava sthApita kiyA gayA ho, vahA~ gIdar3a Adi dvArA khIMcakara le jAye jAne para bhI, yadi zava akSata rahatA hai to usa dizA meM subhikSa aura sukha-vihAra hotA hai| jitane dina jisa dizA meM zava akSata rahe, utane hI varSa taka usa dizA meM subhikSa rahane aura paracakra ke upadrava kA abhAva batAyA hai| yadi kadAcit zava kSata ho jAye to durbhikSa Adi kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai|99 kisI sAdhu ke rugNa ho jAne para yadi anya sAdhuoM ko vaidya ke ghara jAnA par3e to usa samaya bhI zakuna vicAra kara prasthAna karane kA vidhAna hai| udAharaNa ke lie, vaidya ke pAsa akele, dukele yA cAra kI saMkhyA meM na jAye, tIna yA pA~ca kI saMkhyA meM hI gamana karanA caahie| yadi calate samaya dvAra meM sira laga jAye aura sAdhu gira par3e, yA jAte samaya koI Toka de, yA koI chIMka de to ise 'apazakuna' samajhanA caahie|100 vastra evaM alaMkAra 'bRhatkalpasUtra'101 meM cAra samaya kapar3e badalane kI bAta kahI gayI hai(1) nitya nivasana, (2) nahAne ke bAda kA kapar3A (majjanika), (3) utsavoM para pahane jAne vAle vastra (kSaNotsavika) tathA (4) rAjAoM, sabhAsadoM ityAdi se milane ke samaya ke kapar3e (raajdvaarik)| kapar3oM kI dhulAI aura taiyArI kA bahuta khyAla rakhA jAtA thaa| chedasUtroM meM kapar3e dhone, kalapha karane aura vAsane kI prathAoM kA ullekha hai| pahale kapar3e ko dho liyA jAtA thA (dhauta), phira usa para kuMdI kara ke (dhRSTa) mAr3I (mRSTa) dI jAtI thI aura anta meM dhUpa se vAsa (saMtradhUmita) diyA jAtA thaa|302 kapar3e ke bhinna-bhinna bhAgoM meM devatAoM

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sAmAjika jIvana yA rAkSasoM kA nivAsa mAnA jAtA thaa|03 'bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya' meM bher3a ke Una se bane kapar3e ko aurNika, U~Ta ke bAla se bane kapar3e ko auSTrika aura hirana ke roye se bane kapar3e ko mRga romaja kahA gayA hai| kutapa chAga paMcendriya prANI (chAga) Adi ke prANI se niSpanna hotA hai|04 'bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya'105 kI eka pAda TippaNI meM saMpAdaka ne UnI kapar3oM ke sambandha meM do cUrNiyoM kI rAya dI hai| eka cUrNi ke anusAra mRga loma kI vyAkhyA 'salomamUSakaloma' kI gayI hai saloma kA artha yahA~ samUra ho sakatA hai| mUSaka loma kA artha sAdhAraNataH mUse ke bAla se hai| nizIthacUrNi meM mRgaloma kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| jaina sAdhu ThIka nApa vAle (pramANavat), sama tala (samaM), majabUta (sthita) aura suMdara (rucikAraka)106 vastra pahanate the| jaina sAdhuoM ko zarIra sparzI UnI kapar3e kI isalie manAhI thI kyoMki unameM jUM paidA ho jAtI thI aura garda bhI ikaTThA ho jAtI thii| lekina ve aisI UnI cAdareM jinake gaMde hone kA bhaya nahIM thA aura jo zarIra ko ThaMDa se bacAtI thIM, pahana sakate the|107 sUtI dhotI na milane para jaina sAdhu tirITa paTTa aura rezama (kauzikAra) kI banI dhotiyA~ pahana sakate the| UnI cAdara na milane para chAlaTI kI cAdara or3hane kA Adeza hai| usake bhI na milane para tirITa paTTa kI cAdara or3hI jA sakatI thii|108 __'bRhatkalpasUtra bhASya' meM kapar3e kI kaTAI sambandhI aneka zabda Aye haiN| binA kATa jor3a vAle anasile kapar3e prAkRtika (yathAkRtaM) kahalAte the| jisa vastra ke kevala kinAre (dazikA) kaTe hote the athavA jo vastra do kapar3e jor3akara banAyA jAtA thA athavA jo vastra silA hotA thA (tanna) use alpaparikarma yAni kama kAma kiyA huA vastra kahate the| vastra meM eka kATa aura jor3a athavA usake zarIra ke nApa se banane para aura usameM kAphI silAI hone para use bahu parikarma arthAt bahuta kAma vAlA kapar3A kahate the|209 uparyukta saba taraha ke kapar3e nAgarika pahana sakate the lekina jaina sAdhuoM ko kevala yathAkRta vastra hI vihita thA, usake na milane para kucha prAyazcitta karane ke bAda ve alpaparikarma aura bahuparikarma vastra bhI pahana sakate the| lekina bImArI athavA yAtrA ke samaya isa niyama ke apavAda the|110 nAgarikoM dvArA vyavahAra meM lAye jAne vAle kRtsna kapar3e jaina sAdhu vyavahAra meM nahIM lA sakate the|111 ye kRtsnavastra, nAma, sthApanA, zreNI, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke anusAra chaH zreNiyoM meM ba~Te the|112

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34 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana jaina sAdhuoM dvArA kImatI vastra pahanane para bhI prAyazcitta kA vidhAna thaa| kapar3e pahanane meM yaha roka-Toka samajhadArI kI dyotaka thI, kyoMki kImatI vastra pahana kara vihAra-yAtrA meM jAne para sAdhu ko coroM kA Dara thaa|113 yahI nahIM kImatI kapar3e pahane hue sAdhuoM ko aksara cuMgI vAle bhI giraphtAra kara lete the aura isa sandeha para ki kapar3e corI ke hoMge, unheM daNDa dete the|114 ukavata se pIr3ita jaina sAdhuoM ko vihita nApa vAle vastroM se bar3ha-ghaTa kara nApa vAle vastroM ko bhI pahanane kI AjJA thii| vaidya ko dakSiNA dene ke lie bhI sAdhu kinArI vAle vastra rakha sakate the|115 / nepAla, tAmralipta aura sindha-sauvIra (siMdha-sAgara doAba aura siMdha) bahuta kImatI kapar3e banAne ke prasiddha kendra the| ina dezoM meM sAdhuoM sahita saba loga 'kRtsna vastra pahanate the|116 siMdhu sauvIra meM gaMde aura bhadde kapar3e pahananA burA mAnA jAtA thaa| isa avasthA meM jaina sAdhu bhI kImatI kapar3e pahana sakate the|197 veza-bhUSA dhotI aura cAdara ke AlAvA sAdhuoM ko sUtI kamarabaMda (paryastaka) jinameM na to raMga hotA thA na koI nakkAzI (acitrAH) pahanane kI AjJA thI; binA jor3a kA yaha kamarabaMda kevala cAra aMgula caur3A hotA thaa|118 isa ullekha se patA calatA hai ki usa yuga ke nAgarika raMgIna aura nakkAzIdAra kamarabaMda pahanate the| cAdareM bhinna-bhinna taraha ke pA~ca-pA~ca dUSyoM ke do jor3a nAgarika vyavahAra meM lAte the| pahale jor3a meM koyava, prAvAraka, drAr3hikAli, pUrikA aura viralikA haiM jinake nimnalikhita artha diye gaye haiN|119 1. koyava- ise rUI bharI dulAI batalAyA gayA hai| isakA prAcIna artha roeMdAra kaMbala thaa| 2. prAvAraka- ise nepAla kA thulye jaisA bar3A kaMbala kahA gayA hai kyoMki sAdhAraNataH koyava kA artha roeMdAra kambala aura prAvAra kA artha pracura romavAlA bRhatkambala hotA hai| 3. drAr3hikAli- yaha bahuta sapheda dhulI huI cAdara hotI thI jisake kinAroM para dA~ta jaise alaMkAra bane hote the| yaha brAhmaNoM kA paridhAna thaa|

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sAmAjika jIvana 4. pUrikA- isakI banAvaTa jhillar3a hotI thii| isakA dUsarA artha pATa kI banI cAdara bhI hotA thaa| 5. viralikA- do suutii| dUsare jor3a meM upadhAna, tUli, AliMganikA, gaMDopadhAna aura masUraka nAma kI takiyoM kA varNana hai|120 jaina sAdhviyoM kI veza-bhUSA jaina sAdhviyoM kI veza-bhUSA laMbI caur3I hotI thii| unake pahanAve meM isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA ki unakA zarIra pUrI taraha se DhaMka jaay| 'bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya' meM unake pahanAve ke gyAraha vastra ginAye gaye haiM- jaise avagraha, paTTa, arghoruka, calanikA, abhyaMtaranivasanI, bahirnivasanI, kaMcuka, aupakakSikI, vaikakSikI, saMghATI aura skNdhkaarinnii| uggahaNaMtaga paTTo aDDorua calaNiyA ya bodhavvA / abbhiMtara-bAhiNiyaMsaNI ya taha kaMcue ceva / / ukkacchiya vekacchiya, saMghADI ceva khaMdhakaraNI ya / ohovahimmi ete, ajjANaM paNNavIsaM tu / / 121 1. avagraha- zarIra ke guptAMga ko DhaMkane kA vstr| yaha bIca meM caur3A aura choroM para sakarA hotA thaa| yaha mahIna binA huA mulAyama kapar3A hotA thaa|122 2. paTTa- yaha vastra kamara meM baMdhA rahatA thaa| isakI caur3AI cAra aMgula hotI thI aura lambAI sAdhvI ke kamara kI nApa ke anusAra yaha vastra avagraha ke choroM se DhaMkatA thA aura isakA rUpa jAMghiyA sA hotA thaa| yaha madhyakAlIna nIvIbaMdha kA hI eka prAcIna rUpa thaa|123 3. calanikA- yaha ardhAruka jaisA hI vastra thaa| kevala pharaka itanA hI thA ki yaha AdhI jAMghoM taka pahu~catA thaa| yaha besilA vastra hotA thA aura usake AkAra kI tulanA bAMsa para nAcane vAle naTa (lAsika) kI kachAr3edAra dhotI se kI jA sakatI thii|124 4. ardhAruka-avagraha aura paTTa ke Upara kA yaha vastra pUrI kamara DhAMkatA thaa| isakA rUpa tahamata (mallacalanAkRti) kI taraha hotA thA, kevala pharaka itanA thA ki isakA caur3A sirA donoM jAMghoM ke bIca kasakara bAMdha diyA jAtA thA (urudvaye ca ksaavbddh)|125

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36 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 5. aMtarnivasanI- kamara se lekara yaha vastra AdhI jAMghoM taka pahu~catA thaa| yaha kapar3e pahanane ke samaya naMgA dikhane se bacane ke lie pahanA jAtA thaa|126 6. bahirnivasanI- kamara se lekara yaha vastra eMDI taka pahu~catA thaa| yaha kamara se DorI se baMdhA rahatA thaa|127 yaha eka prakAra se sAr3I hI thaa| 7. kaMcuka- sAdhviyoM kA kaMcuka sAr3he tIna hAtha laMbA aura eka hAtha caur3A besilA vstr| ise kamara ke donoM ora bAMdha liyA jAtA thaa| isase kaThora stana bhI jinakA ubhAra kase vastroM ke pahanane se hI uThatA thA DhaMka jAte the|128 yahA~ gRhastha striyoM kI taraha sAdhviyoM ke lie kaMcuka na pahana sakane ke kAraNa besile kaMcuka kA vidhAna hai| 8. aupakakSikI- yaha kaMcuka ke hI samAna Der3ha hAtha laMbA eka caukhuTA vastra thaa| yaha chAtI kA eka bhAga Dhakate hue dAhine kaMdhe para bAMdha diyA jAtA thaa|129 9. vaikakSikI- yaha vastra aupakakSakI ke pratikUla bAyIM ora pahanA jAtA thaa| yaha paTTa, kaMcuka aura aupakakSI ko DhaMka letA thaa|30 10. saMghATI- saMghATiyA~ cAra hotI thiiN| eka do hAtha caur3I, do tIna hAtha aura eka cAra haath| laMbAI meM ye cAroM saMghATiyA~ sAr3he tIna hAtha se cAra hAtha taka hotI thiiN| do hAtha caur3I eka saMghATI sAdhviyA~ Avasatha meM pahanatI thiiN| tIna hAtha caur3I do saMghATiyoM meM se eka to sAdhviyAM bhikSA mAMgane ke avasara para pahanatI thIM aura dUsarI zauca jAne ke smy| cAra hAtha caur3I saMghATI dharmopadeza sunate samaya isalie pahanI jAtI thI ki sAdhviyoM ke sIdhe khar3e hone para unakA pUrA aMga DhaMka jaay|131 11. skaMdhakaraNI- yaha cAra hAtha laMbAI kA samacaturasra kapar3A hotA thA jo kaMdhe para teja havA se bacane ke lie rakhA jAtA thaa| isa vastra kA upayoga sAdhviyoM ko baunI dikhalAne ke lie kiyA jAtA thaa|32 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM vastra taiyAra karane kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| pahale kapAsa (seDuga) ko oTakara (rUMcaMta) usakI rUI banAyI jAtI, phira use pIjate the (piMjiya) aura usase punI (pelu) taiyAra kI jAtI thii|133 kapAsa, dugulla aura muMja (vajjaka)134 ke kAtane kA ullekha AtA hai| bunakaroM kI zAlAoM

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sAmAjika jIvana 37 (tantuvAyazAlA) meM kapar3A bunA jAtA thaa| nAlaMdA ke bAhara isa prakAra kI eka zAlA meM jJAtRputra mahAvIra aura maMkhaliputra gozAla sAtha-sAtha rahe the|135 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM pA~ca prakAra ke dUSya vastra batAye gaye haiM- (koyava)136 (rUI kA vastra), pAvAraga-prAvaraka137 (kambara), dAr3hiAli138 (dA~toM kI paMkti ke samAna zveta vastra), pUrikA939 (TATa Adi jo moTe kapar3e se bunI gayI ho) aura viralikA 40 (dUsare sUta se bunA huA vastra jaise dulaI aadi)|141 gaMDopadhAna (gAloM para rakhane ke takiye), aura masUraka (carma-vastra se bane hue gola ruI ke gadde) kA bhI ullekha hai|142 celacilamiNi143 eka prakAra kI yavanikA (kanATa) thI jo jaina sAdhuoM ke upayoga meM AtI thii|144 yaha pA~ca prakAra kI batAyI gayI hai- sUta kI banI huI (suttamaI), rassI kI banI huI (rajjumaI), vRkSoM kI chAla kI banI huI (kddgmii)aadi| yaha kanAta pA~ca hAtha lambI aura tIna hAtha caur3I hotI thii|145 aujAra evaM upakaraNa usa samaya loga taraha-taraha ke upakaraNa prayoga meM lAte the| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM kucha upakaraNoM ke nAma diye hue haiM- tAlikA (jUte kI tallI phaTakara bivAI phaTane para upayoga meM Ane vAlA padArtha), vardha (jUte sIne ke kAma meM Ane vAlA aujAra), kozaka (nakhabhaMga kI rakSA ke lie aMgastAnA), kRtti (rApI), sikkaka (chIMke ke samAna koI upakaraNa), kapotikA (jisameM bAlasAdhu Adi ko baiThAkara le jAyA jA sake), pippalaka (churI), sUcI (sUI), ArikA, nakhArcanI (naharanI), auSadha, nandI bhAjana, dharmakaraka (pAnI Adi chAnane ke lie chananA), guTikA Adi146 zalyakriyA meM prayoga hone vAle upakaraNa bAksa satthakosa kA bhI ullekha hai|147 alaMkAra striyA~ AbhUSaNoM kI sadA se zaukIna rahI haiN| ve sone-cAMdI ke vividha AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karatI thiiN| jisase sunAroM (suvaNNakAroM) kA vyApAra khUba calatA thaa| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM anaMgasena nAmaka eka aise hI svarNakAra kA ullekha huA hai|148 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM sUI kA ullekha bhI hai|149 vastra dhAraNa karane ke bhI saMketa milate haiN| jaina sAdhuoM ke lie nirdeza hai ki ve raMge hue vastra dhAraNa na

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38 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana kreN| ve kinArI (dasA) vAle vastra bhI dhAraNa nahIM kara sakate the| unake lie vidhAna hai ki thUNA (thAnezvara) meM abhinna (akhaNDa) vastra pahananA cAhie, lekina kinArI kATakara hii|150 AvazyakatA par3ane para tAlAcara (naTa, nartaka Adi), devachatradhArI, vaNika, skandhAvAra, sainya, saMvarta (coroM ke bhaya se) kisI nAyaka ke netRtva meM jahA~ bahuta se grAma hoM, lAkuTika, gokulavAsI, sevaka, jAmAtA aura pathikoM se vastra grahaNa karane kA vidhAna hai| ye loga naye vastra lekara purAne vastroM ko zramaNoM ko de dete the|151 vastroM ke vibhAga karane kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| pAsA DAlakara bhI vastroM kA vibhAjana kiyA jAtA thaa|152 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM paTTa kA ullekha hai jo eka cipaTA vastra hotA thaa| ise dhAgoM se kasakara bAMdha diyA jAtA thA aura kamara ko Dhakane ke lie yaha kAphI thaa| yaha caur3AI meM cAra aMgula strI ke kaTipramANa hotA hai| isase uggahaNaMtaga ke donoM chora Dhaka jAte haiN| kaTi meM ise bAMdhA jAtA hai aura AkAra meM yaha jAMghiye kI bhAMti hotA hai| bhagandara aura arza (vavAsIra), ityAdi se pIr3ita hone para yaha vizeSa upayogI hotA thaa|153 / _'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM kapar3oM ko vividha raMgoM se raMgane, sugandhita padArthoM se suvAsita karane aura svarNa tAroM se sajjita karane kA ullekha bhI huA hai|154 samAja meM sabhI vargoM ke strI-puruSa samAnyataH AbhUSaNoM se apane ko alaMkRta karate the| AbhUSaNa sone-cA~dI maNi-muktAoM aura ratnoM se banAye jAte the|155 zarIra ko sajAne saMvArane ke liye vividha prakAra ke saundarya prasAdhanoM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' aura 'AcArAMga' se sUcita hotA hai ki candana, karpUra aura lodhra ke vilepanoM aura uvaTanoM se zarIra ko sundara banAyA jAtA thaa|256 pairoM ko AcchAdita karane ke liye upAnaha (jUtoM) kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| bhASyakAla tathA cUrNikAla meM camar3e kI bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke sundara jUte pahane jAte the|157 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM ullekha hai ki jaba jaina zramaNa yAtrA para hoM, bImAra hoM, jinake paira mulAyama hoM, jaMgalI jAnavaroM kA bhaya ho, jo kuSTha roga yA arza se pIr3ita hoM to ve jUte pahana sakate haiN|158 'nizIthacUrNi' se jJAta hotA hai ki strI-puruSa pA~ca raMga ke sugandhita puSpoM kI mAlAe~ dhAraNa karate the|159 parvo tathA utsavoM ke avasara para phUloM kI bar3I AvazyakatA par3atI thI isaliye phUlamAlAoM kA mUlya bar3ha jAtA thaa|160

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sAmAjika jIvana krIr3A-vinoda prAcIna bhArata ke nivAsI aneka prakAra se Amoda-pramoda aura manabahalAva kiyA karate the| yaha, chaNa (kSaNa), utsava, yajJa, parva, parvaNI, goSThI, pramoda aura saMkhaDi Adi aise kitane hI utsava aura tyohAra the jabaki loga jI-bharakara Ananda lete the| aise avasaroM para taraha-taraha ke vyaMjana bhI banAye jAte the| nAmakaraNa, cUDAkaraNa aura pANigrahaNa Adi aise hI utsava the jisameM loga sammilita huA karate the|161 praur3hoM ko krIr3A karane ke liye aneka udyAna aura ArAma Adi hote the| udyAna meM loga vividha prakAra ke vastra Adi dhAraNa kara hasta Adi ke abhinayapUrvaka zRMgAra-kAvya kA paThana karate tathA sundara vastra aura AbhUSaNa se alaMkRta strI aura puruSa vahA~ krIr3A karane jAte the| zreSThIputra yahA~ apane-apane azvoM, rathoM, gorathoM, yugmoM aura DagaNoM (yAna vizeSa) para ArUr3ha hokara bhramaNa kiyA karate the|162 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM pUrNamAsI163 aura sthAnautpAtika'64 nAmaka do utsavoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| ina utsavoM para loga aneka taraha se khuziyA~ manAte the| dhArmika utsavoM meM parva kA sabase adhika mahattva thaa| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM 'rathayAtrA' nAmaka parva kA vizada vivaraNa upalabdha hai| isameM loga yAna ke sAtha bhramaNa karate the aura khuziyA~ manAte the| lekina aise paryoM meM jaina zramaNa evaM zramaNiyoM ke jAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai|165 vivAha ke pUrva loga pAna dekara mana bahalAte the| ise prastuta graMtha meM 'avAha' kahA gayA hai|166 bRhatkalpabhASya meM saMkhaDi167 kA bhI ullekha hai jo eka prakAra se bhoja yA dAvata hotI thii| adhika saMkhyA meM jIvoM kI hatyA hone ke kAraNa ise saMkhaDi168 kahate the| aneka puruSa milakara eka dina kI athavA aneka dina kI saMkhaDi karate the|169 sUrya ke pUrva dizA meM rahane ke kAla meM puraHsaMkhaDi aura sUrya ke pazcima dizA meM rahane ke kAla meM pazcAt saMkhaDi manAyI jAtI thii| athavA vivakSita grAma Adi ke pAsa pUrva dizA meM manAye jAne vAle utsava puraH saMkhaDi aura pazcima dizA meM manAye jAne vAle utsava ko pazcima saMkhaDi kahA jAtA thaa|170 1. yAvantikA, 2. pragaNitA, 3. sakSetrA (kSetrAbhyaMtaravartinI), 4. akSetrA AbhyaMtaravartinI, 5. bahirvartinI, 6. AkIrNA, 7. avizuddhapaMthagamanA, 8. sapratyapAyA ke bheda se saMkhaDi ATha prakAra ke batAye gaye haiN| pratyapAya saMkhaDi

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40 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana meM cora, zvApada Adi se vyAghAta hone kA bhaya rahatA hai| isameM pramatta huI caTikA aura tApasI Adi bhikSuNiyoM dvArA brahmacarya bhaMga hone kI AzaMkA banI rahatI hai|171 saMkhaDi aneka sthAnoM para manAyI jAtI thii| Anandapura ke nivAsI sarasvatI nadI ke pUrvAbhimukha pravAha ke pAsa zarada Rtu meM yaha manAte the|172 giriyajJa Adi173 jaisI sAyaMkAla manAyI jAne vAlI saMkhaDi meM rAtri ko bhojana kiyA jAtA thA aura prAtaHkAla sUryodaya ke samaya dugdhapAna Adi kA rivAja thaa|14 ujjayaMta aura siddhazilA Adi samyaktva-bhAvita tIrthoM para prativarSa saMkhaDi manAyI jAtI thii|15 zayyAtara (gRhasvAmI) kI devakulikA 76 ke aura naye ghara ke vyaMtara ko prasanna karane ke lie bhI saMkhaDi manAyI jAtI thii|177 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM eka jagaha ullekha hai ki girinAra, AbU, prabhAsa Adi tIrthoM para saMkhaDi kA utsava manAyA jAtA thA jisameM zAkya, parivrAjaka Adi aneka sAdhu Ate the| usameM loga dUra-dUra se Akara sammilita hote the aura khUba khA-pIkara vikAla meM par3e sote rahate the|178 jaina zramaNoM ko yathAsaMbhava saMkhaDiyoM meM jAne kA niSedha hai| saMkhaDi meM upasthita jaina zramaNoM ko dekhakara loga yaha bhI kaha dete the ki rukSa bhojana se Ubakara aba ye yahA~ Aye haiM aura usase pravacana kA upahAsa hotA thaa|179 saMkhaDi ke samaya kuttoM dvArA bhojana apaharaNa kiye jAne kI aura coroM ke upadrava kI AzaMkA rahatI thii| aise avasaroM para unmatta hue loga vividha prakAra ke vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta ho aneka abhinayoM se pUrNa zRMgAra rasa ke kAvya par3hate the aura matta hue strI-puruSa vividha prakAra kI krIr3Ae~ karate the|180 auSadhi evaM cikitsA prAcIna bhArata meM Ayurveda ko jIvana kA vijJAna aura kalA kahA gayA hai| isameM roganAzaka auSadhi aura 'zalyakriyA' se saMbaMdhita auSadhiyAM sammilita kI jAtI haiN| cikitsaka ko vaidya kahA gayA hai| rogoM meM dubbhUya (durbhUta - Iti; TiDDI dala dvArA dhAnya ko hAni pahu~cAnA), kula roga, grAmaroga, nagararoga, maMDalaroga, zIrSavedanA, daMtavedanA, khasara (khasarA), pAMDuroga, eka-do-tIna-cAra dina ke antarAla se Ane vAlA jvara, indragraha, dhanurgraha,181 yakSagraha, bhUtagraha, valgulI182 (jI micalanA), viSakuMbha (phuDiyA)183 Adi kA ullekha hai| kahA gayA hai ki purISa ke rokane se maraNa, mUtra ke nirodha se dRSTihAni aura vamana ke nirodha se kuSTharoga kI utpatti hotI hai|184

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sAmAjika jIvana vaidyazAstra sammata cikitsA na karane para rAjA dvArA vaidya ko daMDa dene kA bhI ullekha hai| eka rAjavaidya ke mara jAne para rAjA ne usake putra ko bulAkara kisI nipuNa vaidya ke pAsa jAkara vaidya vidyA sIkhane ko khaa| vahAM eka galagaMDa rogayukta bakarI ke gale meM phaMse kakar3I ke cukar3e ko nikAlane ke lie apane guru ko bakarI ke gale meM vastra DAlakara galA maror3akara kakar3I nikAlatA dekhA aura usI ko vaidya - rahasya samajha liyaa| eka bAra eka rAnI ko galagaMDa ho gyaa| vaidyaputra ko rAnI ke pAsa lAyA gayA / vaidyaputra ne pUchA rAnI kahAM-kahAM gayI thii| logoM ne vaidyaputra ke saMtoSa ke lie kahA- pichavAr3e / vaidyaputra ne rAnI ke gale meM vastra lapeTakara use aisA maror3A ki vaha mara gayI / yaha dekhakara rAjA ko krodha AyA aura usane rAjaputra ko daNDita kiyA / 185 41 kisI rAjA ko akSiroga ho gyaa| usane vaidya ko dikhAyA / vaidya ne use A~kha meM A~jane kI goliyA~ dii| lagAte samaya tIvra vedanA hotI thI / vaidya ne pahale hI rAjA se vacana liyA ki vedanA hone para bhI vaha use daNDa na degaa| vaidya ne goliyAM rAjA kI A~kha meM AMja dI aura rAjA kA akSiroga naSTa ho gayA / 186 bRhatkalpasUtra ke glAnadvAra meM cikitsA paddhati kA suMdara citraNa kiyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki glAna yAnI rugNa sAdhu ke samAcAra milate hI usakA patA lagAne ke liye jAnA cAhie, vahA~ usakI sevA karane vAlA koI hai ki nahIMisakI jA~ca karanI cAhie, jA~ca na karane vAle ke lie prAyazcitta kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| glAna sAdhu kI zraddhA se sevA karane vAle ke lie sevA ke prakAra, glAna sAdhu kI sevA ke lie kisI kI vinatI yA jJAtA kI apekSA rakhane vAle ke lie prAyazcitta kA vidhAna, glAna kI sevA karane meM azakti kA pradarzana karane vAle ko zikSA, glAna sAdhu kI sevA ke lie jAne meM duHkha kA anubhava karane vAle ke lie prAyazcitta, udgama Adi doSoM kA bahAnA karane vAle ke lie prAyazcitta, glAna sAdhu kI sevA ke bahAne se gRhasthoM ke yahA~ se utkRSTa padArtha, vastra, pAtra Adi lAne vAle tathA kSetrAtikrAnta, kAlAtikrAnta Adi doSoM kA sevana karane vAle lobhI sAdhu ko lagane vAle doSa aura unakA prAyazcitta, glAna sAdhu ke pathyApathya kA vidhAna, glAna sAdhu ke vizeSa asAdhya roga ke lie upavAsa kI cikitsA, ATha vaidyoM 187 ke nAma (1) saMvigga (2) asaMvigga, (3) liMgI, (4) zrAvaka (5) saMjJI (6) anabhigRhIta asaMjJI ( mithyA - dRSTi), (7) abhigRhIta asaMjJI (8) paratIrthika kI vistAra se carcA hai /

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42 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana kor3ha ho jAne para jaina zramaNoM ko bahuta kaSTa bhoganA par3atA thaa| yadi kahIM unheM galita kor3ha ho jAtA yA unake zarIra meM kacchu (khujalI) yA kiTibha188 (khAja yukta kSudra kor3ha) ho jAtA, yA jue~ paidA ho jAte to unheM nirloma carma para liTAyA jaataa|189 UrdhvavAta, arza, zUla Adi rogoM se grasta hone para sAdhvI ko nirloma carma rakhane kA tathA pAgala kutte ke kATane para use vyAghra carma para sulAne kA vidhAna hai|190 yadi sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko sAMpa kATa letA, visUcikA (haijA) ho jAtI, yA jvara ho jAtA to unheM eka-dUsare kA mUtrapAna karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai|91 kisI rAjA ko mahAviSadhArI sarpa ne DaMsa liyA, lekina rAnI kA mUtrapAna karane se vaha svastha ho gyaa| dIhe osahabhAvita, moyaM devIya pajjio raayaa| AsAya puccha kahaNaM, paDisevA mucchio galitaM / / 192 ghAvoM ko bharane ke liye vaidya aneka prakAra ke ghRta aura teloM kA upayoga karate the| ye saba tela thakAvaTa dUra karane, vAta roga zAnta karane, khujalI (kacchU) miTAne aura ghAvoM ko bharane ke upayoga meM Ate the|193 cikitsA meM asaphala hone para cikitsakoM ko apane prANa taka gavAne par3ate the kyoMki ullekha hai ki koI vaidya kisI rAjaputra ko niroga na kara sakA, ataeva use prANoM se hAtha dhonA par3A thaa|194 ___ kA~Te vAle pradeza meM kA~TA gar3ane para usa jagaha para gehU~ ke ATe kA lepa kara diyA jAtA thaa| tatpazcAt zalyakriyA dvArA usakA upacAra kara diyA jAtA thaa| mavAda nikalane ke sAtha hI kAMTA bhI bAhara nikala AtA thaa|195 bhUta Adi dvArA kSiptacitta ho jAne para bhI cikitsA kI jAtI thii| sAdhvI ke yakSAviSTa hone para bhUtacikitsA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai|196 cikitsA ke samaya auSadhiyoM kI mAtrA kA dhyAna rakhA jAtA thaa|297 'bRhatkalpabhASya'198 meM haMsa tela kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ise banAne ke lie haMsa ko cIrakara, usakA malamUtra sApha karake, usake peTa meM auSadhiyoM kA mizraNa bharakara tela meM pakAyA jAtA thaa| vidyA, maMtra aura yoga ko tIna atizayoM meM ginA gayA hai| tapa Adi sAdhanoM se siddha hone vAle ko vidyA, aura paThana-mAtra se siddha hone vAle ko maMtra kahA gayA hai| vidyA prajJapti Adi strI devatA se aura maMtra hariNegameSI Adi puruSa devatA

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sAmAjika jIvana se adhiSThita kahe gaye haiN| vidveSa, vazIkaraNa, ucchedana aura roga zAnta karane ke lie yoga kA prayoga karate the| yoga (pAdalepana Adi) siddha hone ke pazcAt caraNoM para lepa karane se AkAza meM ur3A jA sakatA thaa|199 cikitsA paddhati para bhI isa graMtha meM thor3A prakAza DAlA gayA hai| ullekha hai ki bImAra par3ane para sAdhuoM ko cikitsA ke lie dUsaroM para avalambita rahanA par3atA thaa| pahale to cikitsA meM kuzala sAdhu dvArA hI rogI kI cikitsA kiye jAne kA vidhAna hai, lekina phira bhI yadi bImArI ThIka na ho to kisI acche vaidya ko dikhAnA caahie| AvazyakatA hone para sAdhuoM ko vaidya ke snAna, zayana, vastra aura bhojana Adi kI vyavasthA bhI karanI caahie| yadi vaidya apanI dakSiNA mA~ge to sAdhu dIkSA lete samaya jo dhana nikuMja Adi meM gAr3akara rakhA ho usase, athavA yoniprAbhRta kI sahAyatA se dhana utpanna kara vaidya dakSiNA denA caahie| yadi yaha saMbhava na ho to yaMtramaya haMsa athavA kapota Adi dvArA upArjita dhana vaidya ko dakSiNA ke rUpa meM denA caahie| zUla uThane para athavA viSa, visUcikA yA sarpadaMza se pIr3ita hone para sAdhuoM ko rAtri ke samaya bhI auSadhi sevana karane kA vidhAna hai|200 sandarbha 1. pI.vI.kANe, dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga-1, pR. 119 / 2. bRhatkalpabhASya, 3264 / inameM aMbahaTa aura tantuNa nimna jAti ke the-jagadIza candra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 222 / 3. vahI, gA. 3265, sthAnAMga, 6/35 4. vahI, gA. 4523 5. vahI, gA. 1456 6. 'bhUtasaMrakSaNaM hi kSatriyANAM mhaandhrmH'| kRtyakalpataru, gRhastha pR. 253, yazastilaka, pR. 95 7. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3265, jagadIzacandra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pRSTha 229 8. vahI, gA. 1205 9. vahI, gA. 6303 / 10. vahI, gA. 4219 va 4223

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44 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 11. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3178 12. vahI, pIThikA pR. 591 13. dhanamitra ke hAthIdAMta kA vyApAra karane kA ullekha milatA hai| Avazyaka cUrNi 2, pR. 154 14. vahI, gA. 5639 15. vahI, gA. 6305 16. vistAra ke lie dekhie- rAmazaraNa zarmA, 'zUdrAja ina eMziyeMTa iNDiyA' 17. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2885 18. vahI, gA. 3830 19. vahI, gA. 613 20. vahI, gA. 2883 21. vahI, gA. 1097 22. jagadIzacandra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 232 23. bRhatkalpabhASya, pR. 404 va 1408 24. piNDaniyukti TIkA, 509 25. jagadIza candra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 253 26. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3446 / 27. vahI, pIThikA gA. 172, pR. 57 28. vahI, pIThikA gA. 155-59 29. AvazyakacUrNi, pR. 153 30. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3959 Adi 31. vahI, gAthA 5761 32. vahI, gA. 5147 ttiikaa| 33. vahI, pIThikA gA., 413 34. DaoN. jayazaMkara mizra- prAcIna bhArata kA sAmAjika itihAsa, vihAra hindI grantha akAdamI, 1980, pR. 383 35. jAyA pitivyA nArI dattA ptivvsaa| vihavA puttavasA nArI natthi nArI sayaMvasA / / -vyavahArabhAdhya, 3.233 36. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 1259

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sAmAjika jIvana 37. bRhatkalpabhASya, pIThikA gA. 146; tathA vyavahAra bhASya 5.139 38. jambUdvIprajJapti, 3.67; uttarAdhyayanaTIkA 18, pR. 247- / dekhie- dIghanikAya 1, ambaTThasutta pR. 77 / yahA~ cakka, hatthi, assa, maNi, itthi, gRhapati aura pariNAyaka ratnoM kA ullekha hai| 39. jJAtAdharmakathA 8; kalpasUtraTIkA, 2, pR. 32 a-42 / 40. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 4348 41. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 4349 42. vahI, pIThikA gA. 172, pR. 58 43. vahI, gA. 2634 44. vahI, gA. 825 45. nizIthacUrNi, 11.3676 / manusmRti (8.415) meM sAta prakAra ke aura yAjJavalkyasmRti (14, pR. 249) meM 14 prakAra ke dAsa ginAye gaye haiN| arthazAstra (3.13.1-49), pR. 65) ityAdi meM bhI dAsoM ke sambandha meM vivecana milatA hai| 46. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 6301-9 47. jJAtAdharmakathA 6, pR. 84 / anya prakAroM meM pazubhakta, mRtakabhakta, kAMTArabhakta, durbhikSabhakta, damagabhakta, glAnabhakta Adi kA ullekha hai- ni. sU., 9.6 48. madhusena, 'e kalcarala sTaDI Apha dI nizIthacUrNi, pR. 124 49. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3240 50. vahI, gA. 2445 51. vahI, gA. 3476 52. vahI, gA. 3476 53. vahI, gA. 3289 54. vahI, gA. 2434 55. vahI, gA. 3475 56. vahI, gA. 5997 va 6032 57. vahI, gA. 5997-60-32 58. vahI, gA. 852 59. vahI, gA. 3617

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46 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 60. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 6047 va 59 61. vahI, gA. 1613; ni. cU., 2.1655 62. ni.cU., 3.4837 63. ni.cU., 3.2025; upAsakadazAMga, 1.29 64. vahI, 3.4495 65. 'aMtarijja vA uttarijja' - vahI, pIThikA gA. 710 66. ni.bhA., 9.2535; vyavahAra bhA., 10.485 67. bRhatkalpabhASya, pR. 362, gA. 3539 68. jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 198 69. kalpasUtra, 9.17 meM vidhAna hai ki pUryaSaNa parva meM svastha jaina bhikSu aura bhikSuNiyA~ dUdha, dahI, navanIta, ghI,tela, gur3a, madya, madhu aura mAMsa kA sevana na kreN| madyajanya doSoM ke lie dekhie| -ni.cU.pIThikA 131; kuMbhajAtaka, (512), 5,pR. 102-109 70. bRhatkalpabhASya vRtti, gA. 3413 71. vahI, gA. 6035 para vRtti aadi| 72. vahI, gA. 3412 73. vahI, bhAga-4, gA. 3412 74. vahI, gA. 2906-11; nizIthacUrNipIThikA pR. 149 75. vahI, gA. 1239, 2906 76. vahI, 5112-13, 5116 77. vahI, gA. 2681 saMyojanAdhikaraNa, ni.cU., 4, pR. 281 78. nizIthacUrNipIThikA, 490 79. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 5982 80. vahI, gA. 2744 81. vahI, gA. 2746 82. vahI, gA. 4809 83. vahI, gA. 4633 84. vahI, gA. 2508

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sAmAjika jIvana 85. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 5982-83 86. vahI, gA. 1309 aura TI., ni.bhA., 13, pR. 383 Adi / vya. ba. bhA., 1, pR. 116 - a meM kautuka kA artha Azcarya kiyA gayA hai| isake dvArA koI mAyAvI mu~ha meM lohe ke gole rakhakara unheM kAnoM se nikAlatA hai| athavA saubhAgya Adi ke lie snAna Adi karane ko kautuka kahA gayA hai| 87. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 1310 88. vahI, gA. 1311-13; ni. cU., 47 vahI 89. vahI, 1550 90. vahI, gA. 1549-50; o. ni. bhA. 108 - 110 91. vahI, gA. 1547-48 kI vRtti; o. ni. bhA. 82-4, jai. A. sA. meM bhA. sa. pR. 354 92. bRhatkalpsUtra bhASya, gA. 1551 93. jai. A. sA. meM bhA.sa., pR. 354 94. vahI, gA. 2292-93 95. disApokkhI sampradAya ke astitva se bhI dizAoM kA mahattva sUcita hotA hai / jai. sA. meM bhA.sa., pR. 356 96. bRhatkalpabhASya, pIThikA gA. 456-57 97. vahI, gA. 5505-06 Adi; tathA bhagavatI ArAdhanA - 1970 Adi / 98. vahI, gA. 5527 99. vahI, pIThikA gA. 5554-56 100. vahI, gA. 1921-24 109. vahI, pIThikA gA. 644-647 102. vahI, gA. 3001 kI vRtti, bRhatkalpabhASya vRtti, bhAga-3, pR. 848 103. vahI, gA. 2883 104. vahI, gA. 3662 105. vahI, pR. 1018, pA. Ti. 2 106. vahI, gA. 2835 107. vahI, gA. 3667 108. vahI, gA. 3663

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48 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 109. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3671 110. vahI, gA. 3672 111. vahI, pR. 1067 112 . vahI, gA. 2880 113. vahI, gA. 3999, 3900 114. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3901 115. vahI, gA. 3907 116. vahI, gA. 3912 117. vahI, gA. 3914 118. vahI, gA. 5968 119. vahI, gA. 3823 120. vahI, gA. 3824 129. vahI, gA. 4082-83 122 . vahI, gA. 4084 123. vahI, gA. 4085 124. vahI, gA. 4086 125. vahI, gA. 4086 126. vahI, gA. 4087 127. vahI, gA. 4086 128. vahI, gA. 4088 129. vahI, gA. 4089 130. vahI, gA. 4089 139. vahI, gA. 4089-90 132 . vahI, gA. 4091 133. vahI, gA. 2996; pi. ni., 574 134. ni. cU., 7, pR. 399 sU.kR.TI., 2,6 pR. 388 135. Ava. cU., pR. 282 136. rUtapUritaH paTaH loke 'mANikI' iti prasiddhA

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sAmAjika jIvana 137. nepAlAdirUlvaNaromA bRhtkNblH| 138. yathAmukhamadhye yamalito bhayadaMtapaMktirUpA dAr3hikAli-dantAvalInirIkSyate evaM dhautapotikA'pi dvijasalasadazavastraparidhAnarUpA dRzyamAnA dAr3hikAlikhi prtibhaati| 139. pUryate stokaraipi tantubhiH pUrNIbhavatIti pUrikA-sthUlazaNaguNapayapaTAlikA yathA dhAnyogoNikA kriyante hastAdhAstaraNAni vaa| 140. dvisarasRpATI 141. bRhatkalpabhASya, 3,3823 Adi tathA TIkA 142. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3824; ni.bhA.; 12.4001-4002 143. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 18; bauddhoM ke cullavagga, 6.1, pR. 243 meM ise cilamilikA kahA gayA hai| 144. ni.bhA., 1.655-56 145. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2374 Adi, gA. 4804; 4811, 4815; 4817 146. vahI, gA. 817-819 147. vahI, gA. 2883 148. vahI, gA. 5225 149. vahI, gA. 3992 TIkA 150. vahI, gA. 390-5 / mUlasarvAstivAda ke vinayavastu pR. 95 meM channadaza aura dIrghadaza kA ullekha hai| 151. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 4268 152. vahI, gA. 4323-4329 153. vahI, gA. 4102 154. vahI, gA. 3001 155. vahI, gA. 2170 156. vahI, gA.2557; AcArAMga 2.2.96; ni.cU., 2, pR. 26, 4.5204 157. vahI, gA. 2885; ni. cU. 2.914 158. vahI, gA. 3862 159. ni.cU. 2.287 160. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 1598

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50 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 161. bRhatkalpabhASya, vRtti, bhAga-1, pIThikA gA. 644 / vAtsyAyana ne kAmasUtra meM pA~ca prakAra ke utsavoM kA ullekha kiyA hai-vividha devatAoM sambandhI utsava (samAja, yAtrA aura ghaTa), strI-puruSa kI goSThiyA~, ApAnaka, udyAna-yAtrA aura samasyAkrIr3A,sUtra 26, pR. 44 162. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3170-71 163. vahI, gA. 1451 tathA dekhie vaTTaka jAtaka, (118), pR. 33 aadi| 164. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga-2, gA. 1814 165. vahI, gA. 3285 tathA prathama uddeza kA anuyogdvaar| 166. vahI, gA. 4716ch| jIvAbhigama 3, pR. 280-a; piyadasi ke 9veM Adezapatra meM putra ke vivAha ko avAha aura kanyA ke vivAha ko vivAha kahA gayA hai; tathA dIghanikAya 1, aMbaTThasutta, pR. 86 167. bhojjaM ti vA sakhaDitti vA egaTuM - vR. ka.bhA., bhAga- gAthA 319 kI cuu.| bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga-3, gA. 3140; tathA ni.sU., 3.14 ko cUrNi AcArAMga, 168. saMkhaDijjati jahiM AuNi jiyANA, 2.1.2 pR. 298-a-304 169. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3141-42 170. vahI, gA. 3143 171. vahI, gA. 3184-89; ni.bhA., 3.1472-77 172. vahI, gA. 3150 173. lATa deza meM ise varSA Rtu meM manAte the, -bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2855 174. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 488 / tulanA kIjie mahAbhArata, 2.43.22; harivaMzapurANa, 2.17.11 Adi 175. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3192 176. vahI, gA. 3587 177. vahI, gA. 4769 178. vahI, gA. 5838 179. vahI, gA. 3156 180. vahI, gA. 3168-70 181. 'dharmagraho'pi vAtavizeSo yaH zarIraM kubjIkaroti,' -bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3816 182. vahI, gA. 5870

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sAmAjika jIvana 183. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3907 184. vahI, gA. 4380 185. vahI, pIThikA gA. 376 186. vahI, gA. 1277 51 187. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 1001-1033 188. 'jaMghAsu kAlAbhaM rasiyaM vahati' - ni. cU. 1.798 kI cU. 189. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3839-40 / mahAvagga, 1.30-88, pR. 76 meM ullekha hai ki magadha meM kuSTha, gaMDa (kor3A), kilAsa (carmaroga), sUjana aura mRgI roga phaila rahe the| jIvaka kaumArabhRtya ko logoM kI cikitsA karane kA samaya nahIM milatA thA, isalie roga se pIr3ita loga bauddha bhikSu banakara cikitsA karAne lge| 190. vahI, gA. 3816 - 18 / carma ke upayoga ke liye dekhiye suzrutasaMhitA, sUtrasthAna, 7.14, pR. 42 199. vahI, gA. 5986 192 . vahI, gA. 5987-88 193. vahI, gA. 6028-31, 2995; nizIthacUrNipIThikA, 348; 10.3197 194. vahI, gA. 3259 195. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 1051 / zalyacikitsA ke liye dekhiye suzruta, sUtrasthAna, 26.13, pR. 163 196. vahI, gA. 6262 / tathA dekhiye carakasaMhitA, zarIrasthAna 2, adhyAya 9, pR. 1088 197. vahI, pIThikA gA. 289 198. vahI, 6028-31, gA. 2995 199. vahI, gA. 1235, nizIthacUrNi 11.3713 200. vahI, gA. 2873-74

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adhyAya- 4 Arthika jIvana kRSi bhArata sadA se eka kRSi pradhAna deza rahA hai| kRSi hI logoM ke Aya kA mukhya strota thI / kRSi utpAdana se jahA~ eka ora loga apanI Avazyaka AvazyakatAe~ pUrI karate the vahIM dUsarI ora unheM vinimaya kara unheM becakara Arthika lAbha kamAte the| kRSi ke atirikta loga taraha-taraha ke udyoga-dhandhe, vANijyavyApAra Adi karate the| ahiMsA kA kaThoratA se pAlana karane ke kAraNa jaina samudAya ke loga kRSi kArya kama karate the kyoMki isa peze meM hiMsA kI jyAdA saMbhAvanA rahatI hai / isIlie prAcIna kAla se hI aura Aja bhI jainI udyoga aura vyApAra jaise kama hiMsA vAle peze apanAye hue haiN| lekina prastuta grantha cU~ki nirgrantha aura nirgranthiyoM ke jIvana - vyApAra se sambandhita hai isalie usameM Arthika jIvana se saMbaMdhita sabhI pakSoM para carcA kI gayI hai| kRSi yogya bhUmi ko 'khetta' kahate the|' kheta ko dasa prakAra ke parigrahoM kSetra - kSetra, vAstu, dhana, dhAnya, saMcaya, mitra - jAti tathA saMyoga, yAna, zayana, Asana, dAsadAsI tathA kupya-upaskara Adi meM ginA gayA hai| khettaM vatyuM dhaNa dhanna saMcao mitta - NAi - saMjogo / jANa sayaNA -''saNANi ya, dAsI dAsaM ca kuviyaM ca // 2 khetI yogya bhUmi banAne ke lie jaMgaloM ko jalAkara sApha kiyA jAtA thaa| bhUmi para rAjA kA svAmitva thA kyoMki use pRthvI kA svAmI kahA gayA hai| vanya pazuoM se phasaloM kI rakSA hetu bAr3e banAye jAte the / ' phasaloM kI surakSA karane ke lie kRSaka - bAlikAe~ 'TiTTi', 'TiTTi' cillAkara jAnavaroM ko bhagAyA karatI thiiN| kRSi upakaraNa 'bRhadkalpasUtrabhASya' meM hala, kudAla aura hasiyA~ jaise kRSi upakaraNoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai|" anna kI phasala kATane para khalihAna meM dhAnya tathA bhUse

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Arthika jIvana 53 ko alaga karate samaya bailoM dvArA usake mardana tathA gAhana karane meM sahAyatA lI jAtI thii| dhAnya phaTakane ke kArya ko sUppaniSphAva kahA jAtA thaa| svaccha karane ke pazcAt anAja ko sambAhapallaga, mukhadeg Adi saMgrahAlayoM meM rakhA jAtA thaa| isa kAla kI eka pramukha phasala gannA yA Ikha thI, jisako perakara gur3a athavA zakkara banAne ke lie kRSaka eka prakAra ke yantra kA prayoga karate the, jise 'kolhU' kahA jAtA thaa|11 usameM yaMtrapIDana nAmaka eka upakaraNa yaMtra kA nAma bhI diyA hai, jisake dvArA gannA, sarasoM Adi pere jAte the aura jisakI gaNanA 15 karmadAnoM meM kI gaI hai|12 'bRhadkalpabhASya' meM hala kI tIna koTiyA~ batAyI gayI haiM- hala, kuliya aura dntaalk|13 inameM kuliya sambhavataH ghAsa kATane vAlA eka kASTha aujAra thA, jisakI lambAI lagabhaga do hAtha thI aura jisake sire para lohe kI dhAradAra kIla lagI hotI thI, aura isakA prayoga saurASTa meM kiyA jAtA thaa|14 siMcAI usa samaya kRSi adhikAMzataH varSA para hI nirbhara thii| siMcAI ke kucha kRtrima sAdhanoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| jalavAyu tathA prAkRtika sthiti ke anusAra alaga-alaga sthaloM para siMcAI ke alaga-alaga sAdhana the| siMcAI ke prAkRtika evaM kRtrima ina do jala strotoM ke AdhAra para kheta bhI do bhAgoM meM baTe hue the(1) ketu aura setu|15 setu kSetroM ko rahaTa Adi kRtrima jala sAdhanoM se sIMcA jAtA thA, jabaki ketu meM varSA jala se hI paryApta dhAnyotpatti sambhava thii|16 'bRhatkalpabhASya'17 meM ullekha hai ki lATa deza meM varSA se sindhu deza meM nadI se, draviNa deza meM tAlAba se, uttarApatha meM kuoM se, Dimbharela meM mahirAvaNa kI bAr3ha se khetoM kI siMcAI kI jAtI thii| kAnanadvIpa meM nAvoM para dhAna rope jAte the| mathurA meM khetI nahIM hotI thI, vahAM vANijya vyApAra kI hI pradhAnatA thii| kahIM kisAna loga nAlI (sAraNI) ke dvArA bArI-bArI se apane khotoM ko sIMcate the| ve chipakara bhI apane khetoM meM pAnI de lete the|28 jahA~ inameM se koI bhI prAkRtika sAdhana upalabdha nahIM hote the, vahA~ tAlAba Adi ke kRtrima jala se siMcAI kI jAtI thii|19 kRSi utpAdana 'bRhadakalpabhASya' meM satraha prakAra ke dhAnyoM kA ullekha huA hai- cAvala, yava, masUra, gehU~, mUMga, mASa, tila, canA, kaMga, priyaMgu, kodrava, moTha, zAli, arahara, maTara, kulattha tathA shnn|

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54 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana ghaDieyaraM khalu dhaNaM, saNasattarasA biyA bhave dhanaM / taNa-kaTTha-tella-ghaya-madhu-vatthAI saMcao bahuhA / / 20 cAvala cAvala kI zAli (kalamadhAna), brIhi (raktazAli), tila aura kulattha ina prajAtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai|21 anyatra inake kalamazAli, raktazAli tathA mahAzAlinAma bhI milate haiN|22 kalamazAli23 pUrvIya prAntoM meM paidA hotA thaa| isakI bali devI-devatAoM ko dI jAtI thii|24 saMvAdha (athavA saMvAha) bhI eka prakAra kA koThAra hI hotA thA jise parvata ke viSama pradezoM meM banAyA jAtA thaa| kisAna apanI phasala ko surakSita rakhane ke liye inheM Dhokara le jAte the|25 ghara ke bAhara jaMgaloM meM dhAnya ko surakSita rakhane ke liye phUsa aura pattiyoM ke buMge (balaya) banAye jAte the aura isake andara kI jamIna ko gobara se lIpA jAtA thaa|26 anAja ke golAkAra Dhera ko pUMja aura lambAkAra Dhera ko rAzi kahate the|27 dIvAla (bhitti) aura kuDya se lagAkara Dhera banAye jAte the; inheM rAkha se aMkita kara, Upara se gobara se lIpa diyA jAtA thA, athavA inheM apekSita jagaha meM rakhakara bA~sa aura phaMsa se DhaMka diyA jAtA thaa|28 varSA Rtu meM anAja ko miTTI athavA bA~sa (palla) ke bane hue koThoM (koTTha) bAMsa ke khambhoM (maMcoM) para bane hue koThoM athavA ghara ke Upara bane hue koThoM (mAlA) meM rakhA jAtA thA; dvAra para lagAye jAne vAle Dhakkana ko gobara se aura phira use cAroM tarapha se miTTI se pota diyA jAtA thaa| tatpazcAt use rekhAoM se cihnita kara aura miTTI kI mohara lagAkara chor3a diyA jAtA thaa|29 isake sivAya kumbhI, karabhI kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| cAvala ke chA~Tane kA ullekha 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM nahIM milatA hai| samasAmayika anya jaina granthoM ke anusAra cAvaloM ko okhalI meM chAMTA jAtA thA, aura unako malakara sApha kara liyA jAtA thaa|30 gannA cAvala kI bhA~ti gannA (ucchU) bhI yahA~ kI mukhya phasala thii| gannA kolhuoM (mahAjanta; kolluka)31 meM perA jAtA thaa| ina sthAnoM ko yaMtrazAlA (jaMtasAlA)32 kahA gayA hai| Ikha ke kheta ko siyAra khA jAte the| unase bacane ke liye kheta kA mAlika kheta ke cAroM ora khAIM khudavA diyA karatA thaa|32 pazuoM aura rAhagIroM se rakSA karane ke liye kheta ke cAroM ora bAr3a lagA dI jAtI thii|34

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Arthika jIvana 55 kapAsa sUta kI phasaloM meM kapAsa (kappAsa; phalahI) sabase mukhya thii| anya phasaloM meM rezama, UrNA (Una), kSauma aura sana kA ullekha milatA hai|35 zIla athavA zAlmali ke vRkSoM se bhI rezamI sUta taiyAra kiyA jAtA thaa| vividha masAle mukhya rUpa se varNita masAloM36 meM haldI (haridrA), lauMga, mirca (mariyA), adaraka (zRMgavera), lahasuna, mircA, (pippalI), hIMga, jIrA, kupumbharI, piNDaharidrA evaM sarasoM ullekhanIya haiN| pazupAlana prAcIna bhArata meM pazu bahuta mahattvapUrNa dhana mAnA jAtA thA tathA gAya, baila, bhaiMsa aura bher3a rAjA kI bahumUlya sampatti ginI jAtI thii| pazuoM ke samUha ko vraja (vaya), gokula aura saMgilla37 kahA gayA hai| eka vraja meM dasa hajAra gAyeM rahatI thiiN| bailoM ko haloM meM jotakara unase khetI kI jAtI thI aura rahaTa meM jotakara khetoM kI siMcAI ke liye kuoM se pAnI nikAlA jaataa|38 unheM mAla se bharI gAr3I meM jotate, cAbuka se hA~kate, dA~toM se pU~cha kATa lete aura ArI se mArate the| aisI hAlata meM kabhI ar3iyala baila jue~ ko chor3a alaga ho jAte the jisase gAr3I kA mAla nIce gira par3atA thaa|39 gopAlana para vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA thaa| AbhIra (ahIra), gAya-bhaisoM ko pAlate-posate the| inake gA~va alaga hote the|40 gvAle dhvajA lekara gAyoM ke Age calate aura gAyeM unakA anuzaraNa krtiiN| dUdha se dahI aura navanIta banAne kA ullekha prApta hotA hai|42 gAya apane bachar3e se bahuta prema karatI aura vyAghra Adi se saMtrasta hone para bhI apane bachar3e ko chor3akara nahIM bhAgatI thii|43 'nizIthacUrNi' se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya hAthiyoM kA nala (eka tRNa), aura ikSa, bhaisoM ko kamala pattiyAM, ghor3oM ko harimantha (kAlA canA), mUMga Adi tathA gAyoM ko arjuna Adi khAne ke liye diye jaate|4 gAya, baila aura bachar3e gozAlAoM (gomaMDapa) meM rakhe jAte the phira bhI cora (kUTagrAha) gozAlAoM meM se rAta ke samaya cupacApa pazuoM kI corI kara lete the|5 'nizIthacUrNi' meM pazuoM kI cikitsA ke bhI ullekha prApta hote haiN|6 bher3a ke Una se aura U~Ta ke bAloM se jaina sAdhuoM ke rajoharaNa tathA kambala banAye jAte the|47

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56 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana vANijya aura vyApAra __ jaina dharma ko mAnane vAle jyAdAtara loga vyApArI the aura Aja bhI haiM, isalie prastuta grantha meM etadviSayaka vipula sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| ye prasaMga zramaNazramaNiyoM ke saMdarbha meM Aye haiM jo varSAvAsa ke bAda ATha mahIne dharmayAtrA karate haiN| dharmayAtrA ke daurAna unakA saMparka aneka vyApArika saMgaThanoM, sArthavAhoM, nigamoM Adi se hotA thA, ataH bhASyakAra ne inakI vistRta carcA kI hai| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM vyApAriyoM yAni sArthoM kI vastiyoM ko niveza kahA gayA hai|8 udhAra-puraje dene vAle vyApAriyoM kI bastI ko 'nigama' kahA jAtA thaa|49 nigama do prakAra ke hote the- sAMgrahika aura asaaNgrhik| sAMgrahika nigama meM samAna giravI rakhane aura RNa dene kA kAma hotA thA aura asAMgrahika nigama meM RNa dene ke atirikta anya vyApArika kAma bhI hote the|5deg jalapaTTana to samudrI bandaragAha hotA thA jahA~ videzI mAla utArA aura dezI mAla lAdA jAtA thA jaba ki sthalapaTTana una bAjAroM ko kahate the jahA~ bailagADiyoM Adi se mAla utaratA thaa|51 Anandapura aura dasaNNapura sthalapaTTana ke do udAharaNa ginAye gaye haiN|52 nizIthacUrNi meM purimA aura diva ko jalapaTTana kahA gayA hai|53 droNamukha una bAjAroM ko kahate the jahA~ jala aura thala donoM mArgoM se mAla utaratA thaa|54 bhRgukaccha aura tAmralipti isI prakAra ke do nagara the|55 puTabhedana aise bAjAra the jahA~ cAroM ora se mAla Ate the| zAkala isI taraha kA puTabhedana thaa|56 jahA~ vastuoM kA kraya-vikraya hotA thA unheM 'antarApaNa' kahA jAtA thaa|57 isa prakAra kI dukAnoM ko 'ApaNagRha' kahA jAtA thaa|58 sArthavAha jo bAharI maMDiyoM ke sAtha vyApAra karane ke lie eka sAtha TA~DA lAdakara calate the ve 'sArtha' kahalAte the aura unakA netA jyeSTha vyApArI sArthavAha kahalAtA thaa|59 kisI-kisI sArtha meM do sArthavAha hote the aisI sthiti meM vyApAriyoM ko donoM sArthavAhoM kI AjJA mAnanA par3atI thii|60 sArthoM meM bAlaka, vRddha, durbala, rogI Adi kI bhI savArI hotI thii|61 'bRhatkalpabhASya' se patA calatA hai ki jo sArtha dhana dene para bhI savArI ko suvidhA pradAna nahIM karatA thA vaha acchA nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa|62 kabhI-kabhI sArtha ghane jaMgaloM meM digbhramita ho jAte the| aise samaya meM 'vanadevatA' kA AhvAna karake unase mArga pUchA jAtA thaa|63 kabhIkabhI mArga kI kaThinAI ke kAraNa eka-dUsare kI sahAyatA ke uddezya se do sArthavAha milakara sAtha meM calate the|64

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Arthika jIvana __57 vyApArika mArga ghane jaMgaloM se hokara nikalate the jisase cora, DAkuoM kA bhaya sadaiva banA rahatA thaa| jisa sArtha meM bahumUlya vastue~ hotI thIM usake luTane kA bhaya aura bhI bar3ha jAtA thaa| aise sArtha meM sAdhuoM ke jAne kA niSedha thaa|65 bRhatkalpabhASya meM aise vaNik kA ullekha huA hai jisane pAgala kA bheSa banAkara apane ratnoM kI rakSA kI thii|66 jaMgalI jAnavaroM aura cora DAkuoM se surakSA ke lie sArtha ke loga rAta meM apane caturdika gherA-sA banA lete the aura Aga bhI jalA lete the| ghere kA prabaMdha na hone para sAdhuoM ko yaha anumati thI ki kaMTIlI jhAr3iyoM kA bAr3A svayaM taiyAra kara leN| ve coroM ko DarAne ke liye apanI niDaratA aura vIratA kI DIMge mArate aura rAta bhara jAgate rahate the jisase cora unakI bAteM sunakara bhAga jAyeM lekina sacamuca hI cora-DAkU A jAte to sArtha chinna-bhinna ho jAte the|67 jaMgalI pazuoM athavA DAkuoM dvArA sArtha ke naSTa kara diye jAne para agara sAdhu vilaga ho jAte the to sivAya devatAoM kI prArthanA ke unake pAsa koI upAya nahIM raha jAtA thaa|68 jJAtAdharmakathA meM bhI sArthavAhoM dvArA sArtha ko lekara deza-videza meM vyApAra ke lie jAne kA pramANa milatA hai| usameM varNita dhanya sArthavAha ne vyApAra yAtrA meM jAne se pUrva apane sabhI saMbandhiyoM ko vipula mAtrA meM asana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya cAra prakAra kA bhojana karAyA thaa| usane sArtha meM sammilita hone ke lie logoM ko AmaMtrita karate hue ghoSaNA kI thI ki sArtha meM calane vAle pratyeka vyakti ko bhojana, jalapAtra, jUte, auSadhi tathA anya sAmagriyA~ upalabdha karAyI jaayeNgii|69 zubha nakSatra, tithi evaM rAjA kI AjJA prAptakara sArtha kI ghoSaNA kI jAtI thii| sArthavAha ke Upara pUre sArtha meM surakSA kA dAyitva thaa| 'jJAtAdharmakathA' ke anusAra hasti zIrSa nagara ke vyApArI (potavaNika) kalikA dvIpa, jajIvA taka arthAt pUrvI aphrIkA ke jaMjIvAra taka jAyA karate the|70 'vasudevahiNDI' se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya vyApArI cIna, ratnadvIpa, svarNadvIpa, sumAtrA, jAvAdvIpa Adi dezoM taka yAtrA karate the| 'bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya' meM sArtha ke pA~ca prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai- (1) maMDIsArtha- mAla Dhone vAle sArtha; (2) bahalikA- isameM U~Ta, khaccara, baila ityAdi hote the; (3) bhAravaha- isameM loga svayaM apanA mAla Dhote the; (4) audArikayaha una majadUroM kA sArtha hotA thA jo jIvikA ke lie eka jagaha se dUsarI jagaha ghUmate rahate the; (5) kAMTika- isameM adhikatara bhikSu aura sAdhu hote

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bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana rAga-chosavimukko, satthaM paDilehe so u paMcaviho / bhaMDI bahilaga bharavaha, odariyA kappaDiya sattho / / 72 sArtha dvArA le jAne vAle mAla ko vidhAna kahate the| mAla cAra taraha kA hotA thA- (1) gaNima, jise ginA jA sake jaise- hare, supArI Adi; (2) dharima jise taulA jA sake jaise zakkara Adi; (3) meya, jise nApA jA sake jaise ghI Adi; (4) paricchedya, jise kevala A~khoM se jA~ca kiyA jA sake jaise kapar3e, javAharAta, motI ityaadi|73 sArtha ke sAtha anuraMgA (eka taraha kI gAr3I), DolI (yAna), ghor3e, bhaiMse, hAthI aura baila hote the, jinapara calane meM asamartha bImAra, ghAyala, bacce, bUr3he aura paidala cala sakate the| koI-koI sArthavAha isake lie kucha kirAyA bhI vasUla karate the| lekina kirAyA dene para bhI jo sArthavAha baccoM aura bUDhoM ko savAriyoM para nahIM car3hane dete the, ve krUra samajhe jAte the| aise sArthavAha ke sAtha yAtrA karane kI manAhI thii| jisa sArtha ke sAtha daMtika (modaka, maNDaka, azokavartI- jaisI miThAiyA~) gehU~, tila, gur3a aura ghI hotA thA use acchA samajhA jAtA thA kyoMki ApattikAla meM aise sArthavAha pUre sArtha aura sAdhuoM ko bhojana de sakatA thaa| sArthoM ko Akasmika vipattiyoM kA, jaise ghanaghora varSA, bADha, DAkuoM tathA jaMgalI hAthiyoM dvArA mArga nirodha, rAjyakSobha tathA aisI hI dUsarI vipattiyoM kA sAmanA karane ke liye taiyAra rahanA par3atA thaa| aise samaya sArtha ke sAtha khAnepIne kA sAmAna hone para vaha vipatti ke nirAkaraNa hone taka eka jagaha Thahara sakatA thaa| sArtha adhikatara kImatI sAmAna le AyA aura le jAyA karatA thaa| inameM kesara, agara, coyA, kastUrI, IMgura, zaMkha aura namaka mukhya the| aise sArthoM ke sAtha vyApAriyoM aura khAsa karake sAdhuoM kA calanA ThIka nahIM samajhA jAtA thA, kyoMki inameM luTane kA barAbara bhaya banA rahatA thaa| rAste kI kaThinAiyoM se bacane ke lie choTe-choTe sArtha bar3e sArthoM ke sAtha milakara Age bar3hane ke lie ruke rahate the| kabhI-kabhI do sArthavAha milakara taya karate the ki jaMgala meM athavA nadI yA durga par3ane para ve rAta-bhara sabere sAtha-sAtha nadI pAra kreNge| sArthavAha yAtriyoM ke ArAma kA dhyAna karake aisA prabandha karate the ki unheM eka dina meM bahuta na calanA pdd'e| sArtha eka dina meM utanI hI dUrI taya karatA thA, jitanI bacce aura bUr3he ArAma se taya kara sakate the| sUryodaya se pahale hI jo sArtha cala par3atA thA use kAlataH parizuddha sArtha kahate the| bhAva se parizuddha

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Arthika jIvana 59 sArtha meM binA kisI bhedabhAva ke saba matoM ke sAdhuoM ko bhojana milatA thaa| eka acchA sArtha binA rAjamArga ko chor3e hue dhImI gati se Age bar3hatA thaa| rAste meM bhojana ke samaya vaha Thahara jAtA thA aura gantavyasthAna para pahuMcakara par3Ava DAla detA thaa|79 vaha isa bAta ke lie bhI sadA prayatnazIla rahatA thA ki vaha usI sar3aka ko pakar3e jo gA~voM aura cArAgAhoM se hokara gujaratI ho| vaha par3Ava bhI aisI jagaha DAlane kA prayatna karatA thA, jahA~ sAdhuoM ko AsAnI se bhikSA mila ske| sArtha ke sAtha yAtrA karane vAloM ko eka athavA do sArthavAhoM kI AjJA mAnanI par3atI thii| una donoM sArthavAhoM meM eka se bhI kisI prakAra anabana hone para yAtriyoM kA sArtha ke sAtha yAtrA karanA ucita nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| yAtriyoM ke lie bhI yaha Avazyaka thA ki ve una zakunoM aura apazakunoM meM vizvAsa kareM, jinheM sArA sArtha mAnatA ho| sArthavAha dvArA niyukta cAlaka kI AjJA mAnanA bhI yAtriyoM ke lie Avazyaka thaa| sArthoM ke sAtha sAdhuoM kI yAtrA bahuta sukhakara nahIM hotI thii| kabhI-kabhI unake bhikSATana para nikala jAne para sArtha Age bar3ha jAtA thA aura unheM bhUkhepyAse idhara-udhara bhaTakanA par3atA thaa|82 sArtha ke dUsare sadasya to kahIM bhI Thahara sakate the, para jaina sAdhuoM ko isa sambandha meM kucha niyamoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA thaa| yAtrA kI kaThinAiyoM ko dekhate hue ina niyamoM kA pAlana karanA bar3A kaThina thaa| sArtha ke sAtha sandhyA samaya, gahare jaMgala se nikalakara jaina sAdhu apane lie vihita sthAna khojane meM juTa jAte the aura ThIka jagaha na milane para kumhAroM kI karmazAlA athavA dukAnoM meM par3e rahate the|3 ___ 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM bhikhamaMgoM ke sArtha kA bhI ullekha hai| khAnA na milane para ye bhikhamaMge kanda, mUla, phala Adi khAkara apanA gujArA kara lete the parantu jaina sAdhuoM ke lie ye saba abhakSya hone se bhikhamaMge unheM DarAte bhI the| ve bhikSuoM ko eka lambI rassI dikhAkara kahate the ki agara tuma kanda, mUla, phala nahIM khAoge to hama tumheM phA~sI para laTakAkara sukhapUrvaka bhojana kreNge|4 vyApArika mArga sthala mArga 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM vyApArika mArgoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| vyApArika mArgoM meM cora-DAkuoM kA AtaMka rahatA thaa| ataeva yAtriyoM kI surakSA ke lie

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60 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana rAjya kI ora se gaulmika jaise rAjapuruSa niyukta kiye jAte the|5 kabhI-kabhI mArgoM kI rakSA karane vAle rAjyAdhikArI sAdhuoM ko bhI cora samajhakara pakar3a lete the|86 eka rAjya se dUsare rAjya meM praveza karane ke liye AjJA-patra lene par3ate the| vizeSarUpa se rAta meM yAtrA karane vAloM ko apanA AjJA-patra dikhAnA par3atA thaa| AjJApatrarahita puruSa cora samajhakara pakar3a liyA jAtA thaa|8 bojhA Dhone vAlI gAr3I ko 'zakaTa' yA 'saggar3a' kahA jAtA thaa| aisI gAr3iyoM meM baila jote jAte the|89 'bRhatkalpabhASya se jJAta hotA hai ki AbhIra zakaToM meM ghI ke ghar3e rakhakara nagaroM meM becane ke liye jAte the| jaina sAhitya meM jaina sAdhuoM ke vihAra yogya 25% Arya dezoM kA ullekha huA hai| magadha, aMga, baMga, kaliMga, kozala, saurASTra, kuru, kuzAvarta, paMcAla,jAMgala deza, videha, vatsa, saDibbA, malayA, vaccha (matsya), acchA, dasannA, cedi, sindhu, sauvIra, zUrasena, bhaMga, kuNAla, lADha, kaikyaarth| ye deza jala aura sthala mArgoM dvArA jur3e hue the|91 prAcIna kAla ke aneka gA~va aura nagara sar3akoM se jur3e hote the| jahA~ tIna ora se sar3akeM Akara milatI thIM use 'zRgAdaka' (tirAhA) jahA~ cAra ora se sar3akeM Akara milatI thIM use 'pravaha' kahA jAtA thaa|92 __sAkSyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki prAcIna bhArata ke samIpastha sthAnoM taka AvAgamana ke liye paryApta suvidhA thI, kintu dUrastha sthAnoM ko jAne vAle mArga surakSita nahIM the| deza kA adhikAMza bhAga banapradeza thA aura unhIM se hokara sar3akeM gujaratI thiiN| sar3akeM kaccI aura dhUla-dhUsarita thIM jina para calanA atyanta kaThina thaa|93 nadI nAloM para pula prAyaH nahIM hote the, kevala nAvoM se hI nadI pAra karanI par3atI thii|94 jaina sAhitya se jJAta hotA hai ki sampUrNa bhArata jala aura sthala mArgoM se jur3A huA thaa| inameM se kucha mArga to madhya eziyA aura pazcima eziyA taka jAte the|95 pATaliputra se kAbula-kandahAra jAne vAle mArga ko uttarApatha kahA jAtA thaa| pATaliputra ke rAjA muruNDa kA dUta isI mArga se puruSapura (pezAvara) gayA thaa|6 mithilA ke yAtrI bhI puruSapura taka jAte the|97 'vasudevahiNDI' se sUcanA milatI hai ki kauzAmbI se ujjainI jAne vAlA mArga bar3A bhayAnaka thA, kyoMki isa mArga meM par3ane vAle ghane jaMgala hote the jahA~ dRSTiviSasarpa, krUra bAgha, jaMgalI

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Arthika jIvana hAthiyoM aura coroM kA AtaMka thaa|28 'vasudevahiNDI' se jJAta hotA hai ki sthalamArga se yAtrI cIna, tibbata, IrAna, aura araba dezoM taka jAte the| cArudatta apane mitra rudradatta ke sAtha nadI ke saMgama ke uttarapUrva dizA meM hUNa, khasa aura cIna deza gayA thaa|99 jalamArga vyApArika dRSTi se jala mArgoM kA bar3A mahattva thaa| deza kI nadiyA~ pramukha vyApArika nagaroM ko jor3atI thiiN| uttarAdhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki campA se eka jalamArga pihuMDa taka jAtA thaa|00 'vasudevahiNDI' se jJAta hotA hai ki cArudatta samudrI mArga se cIna gayA thA aura lauTate hue svarNabhUmi, kamalapura, yavanadvIpa, siMhaladvIpa aura babbarayavaNa hotA huA saurASTra pahuMcA thaa|301 lekina 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM samudra yAtrA ke saMbaMdha meM koI jAnakArI nahIM milatI hai| isakA pramukha kAraNa yaha hai ki kaThora AcAra-saMhitA ke kAraNa jaina sAdhu samudra yAtrA nahIM karate the| lekina nadiyoM se vyApAra avazya hotA thaa| 'bRhatkalpabhASya meM gaMgA, yamunA, sarayU, kozikA, mahI Adi mahAnadiyoM ko tathA airAvatI Adi kama gaharI nadiyoM ko pAra karane kA ullekha hai|02 nadI pAra karane ke lie saMkrama, sthala aura nosthala isa prakAra tIna taraha ke mArga bhI batAye gaye haiN|103 nadI aura samudra ke vyApArI nadiyoM meM nAvoM dvArA mAla DhoyA jAtA thaa| nadI taTa para utarane ke lie sthAna bane hue the| nAvoM ko agaTThiAya antaraMDakagoliyA (jogI), kocavIraga (jalayAna)104 Adi nAmoM se sUcita kiyA gayA hai| 'nizIthabhASya' meM cAra prakAra kI nAvoM kA ullekha hai- 'anulomagAminI,' 'pratilomagAminI,' 'tiricchasaMtAriNI, (eka kinAre se dUsare kinAre para sarala rUpa meM jAne vAlI) aura 'smudrgaaminii'| samudragAminI nAva se loga teyAlagapaTTaNa (Adhunika verAvala) se dvArakA kI yAtrA kiyA karate the|105 yAna-vAhana vyApAra aura udyoga-dhandhoM ke vikAsa ke lie zIghragAmI aura saste AvAgamana ke sAdhanoM kA honA parama Avazyaka hai| jainasUtroM meM (zRMgATaka (siMghATaka), tri (tiga), catuSka (caukka; cauka), catvara (caccara), mahApatha aura rAjamArga kA ullekha hai jisase patA lagatA hai ki una dinoM bhI mArga kI

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62 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana vyavasthA thii|106 uttarAdhyayana TIkA meM hutavaha nAma kI rathyA kA ullekha hai| yaha rathyA garmI ke dinoM meM itanI adhika tapatI thI ki koI vahA~ se jAne kA sAhasa nahIM karatA thaa| phira bhI mArgoM kI dazA santoSajanaka pratIta nahIM hotii| ye mArga jaMgaloM, registAnoM aura pahAr3iyoM meM se hokara jAte the, isalie yahA~ ghora varSA, cora-luTere, duSTa hAthI, zera Adi jaMgalI jAnavara, rAjya-avarodha, agni, rAkSasa, gaDDhe, sUkhA, duSkAla, jaharIle vRkSa Adi kA bhaya banA rahatA thaa|107 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM 'dagaNa' nAmaka yAna kA ullekha hai|08 gAr3I yA chakar3oM (sagar3I sAgar3a) ko yAtAyAta ke upayoga meM liyA jAtA thaa| gAr3iyoM, ghor3oM, nAvoM aura jahAjoM dvArA mAla eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para le jAyA jAtA thaa|109 antardezIya vyApAra 'bRhatkalpabhASya' 110 se patA calatA hai ki deza ke andara vyApAra sthala aura jala donoM mArgoM se hote the| Anandapura (vaDanagara, uttaragujarAta) aura dazArNapura (erachA jilA jhAMsI) ye do sthalapaTTaNa the jahA~ sthalamArga se mAla le jAyA jAtA thaa|111 bhRgukaccha (bhar3auca) aura tAmralipta (tAmaluka) droNamukha the jahA~ jala aura sthala donoM mArgoM se vyApAra hotA thaa|112 jahA~ ukta donoM hI prakAra ke mAla ke Ane-jAne kI suvidhA na ho, use kabbar3a kahA gayA hai| varSA kAla meM loga vyApAra ke lie nahIM jAte the|113 'mathurA' uttarApatha kA mahattvapUrNa vyApArika kendra thA jahA~ loga vyApAra se hI jIvana-nirvAha karate the, khetIbArI yahA~ nahIM hotI thii|114 yahA~ ke loga vyApAra ke lie dakSiNa mathurA (madurA) taka Ate jAte the|115 ___'zAraka' (soppAraya sopArA, jilA ThANA) vyApAra kA dUsarA kendra thaa| yahA~ bahuta se vyApAriyoM (negama) ke rahane kA ullekha hai|116 bhRgukaccha aura suvarNabhUmi (varmA) ke sAtha inakA vyApAra calatA thaa|117 / / ___'ujjaina' vyApAra kA dUsarA bar3A kendra thaa| dhanavasu yahA~ kA suprasiddha vyApArI thA, jisane apane sArtha ke sAtha vyApAra ke lie prasthAna kiyA thaa| ujjainI ke vyApArI pArasakula (IrAna) bhI Ate jAte the| rAjA pradyota ke jamAne meM ujjainI meM ATha bar3I-bar3I dukAneM (kutrikApaNa, pAli sAhitya meM antarApaNa) thIM jahA~ pratyeka vastu mola milatI thii|118 cIna se vividha prakAra ke vastra Ate the| ApaNagRha ke cAroM ora dukAneM banI rahatI thiiN|119 antarApaNa ke eka ora yA donoM ora bAjAra kI bIthiyA~ rahatI thiiN|120

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Arthika jIvana zreNiyA~ 'bRhatkalpabhASya' ke anusAra una dinoM vyApAra ke mArga surakSita nahIM the, rAste meM cora-DAkuoM aura jaMgalI jAnavaroM Adi kA bhaya banA rahatA thA, isalie vyApArI loga eka sAtha milakara kisI sArthavAha ko apanA netA banAkara paradeza yAtrA ke lie nikalate the| use zreNI-prazreNiyoM kA mukhiyA mAnA jAtA thaa|121 zilpakAroM kI zreNiyoM kI bhA~ti vyApAriyoM kI bhI zreNiyA~ thIM jinameM nadI yA samudra se yAtrA karane vAle vyApArI sArthavAha zAmila hote the| kitane hI sArthoM ke ullekha milate haiM jo vividha mAla-asabAba ke sAtha eka deza se dUsare deza meM Ate-jAte rahate the| zreNiyoM kI gaNanA pramukha rAjapuruSoM meM kI gayI hai, dhanurvidyA aura zAsana meM vaha kuzala hotA thaa|122 AyAta-niryAta 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM AyAta-niryAta se sambandhita vipula sAmagrI milatI hai| pUrva se Ane vAlA vastra lATa deza meM Akara U~cI kImata para bikatA thaa|123 cIna124 se vividha prakAra ke vastra Ate the| mahArASTra meM UnI kambala adhika kImata para bikate the|125 nepAla, tAmralipta, sindhu aura sauvIra ke kapar3e acche mAne jAte the|126 mUlya nirdhAraNa Aja kI bhA~ti mAMga aura pUrti ke anusAra vastuoM ke mUlya nizcita kiye jAte the| jisa vastu kI mAMga adhika ho aura pUrti kama ho pAtI thI usa vastu kA mUlya bar3ha jAtA thaa| utsavoM aura paryoM para mAMga ke anusAra vastuoM ke upalabdha na ho pAne se unake mUlya bar3ha jAte the|127 'bRhatkalpabhASya' se jJAta hotA hai ki sAmUhika bhoja evaM melA ke avasara para dUdha kA mUlya bar3ha jAtA thaa|128 isI prakAra indra mahotsava ke samaya phUla-mAlAoM kI bar3I mAMga hotI thI isa kAraNa una dinoM unakA mUlya bar3ha jAtA thaa| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM eka mAlI kA ullekha huA hai jisameM indramahotsava ke kucha dina pahale hI apanI phulavArI se phUla cunanA banda kara diyA thA tAki vaha utsava vAle dina adhikAdhika phUla U~ce mUlya para becakara adhika lAbha arjita kara ske|129 sulabhatA aura durlabhatA ke AdhAra para kisI vastu ke mUlyoM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA thaa|130 vastuoM ke mUlya vRddhi ko rokane ke liye unakA niryAta banda kara diyA jAtA thaa|

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64 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 'bRhatkalpabhASya' se jJAta hotA hai ki dantapura ke rAjA ne apane rAjya se hAthI dA~ta ke niryAta kA niSedha kara diyA thaa|131 'bRhatkalpabhASya' se patA calatA hai ki kutrikApaNa meM eka niSka mUlya vAle vartana bhI bece jAte the|132 udyoga-dhandhe 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM kRSi ke atirikta vibhinna udyoga-dhandhoM kA varNana milatA hai| ye udyoga-dhandhe samAja ke logoM kI AjIvikA ke sAdhana the| bhinnabhinna dhandhoM meM saMlagna vyaktiyoM ko bhinna-bhinna nAma diyA gayA hai jaise- kumbhakAra, citrakAra, carmakAra, madyavikretA, svarNakAra aadi| isI prakAra vibhinna prakAra kI vastuoM ke nirmANa saMbaMdhI udyoga bhI the yathA dhAtu udyoga, tela udyoga, vastra udyoga, kASTha udyoga aadi| katAI aura bunAI kRSi ke pazcAt katAI-bunAI logoM kA mahattvapUrNa dhandhA thaa| pA~ca zilpakAroM meM kumbhakAra, citrakAra, luhAra (karmakAra) aura nAI (kAzyapa) ke sAtha vastrakAra bhI ginAye gaye haiN| isake alAvA kapar3a dhone aura raMgane kA bhI kAma kiyA jAtA thaa| aTThAraha zreNiyoM meM dhobiyoM kI gaNanA kI gayI hai| maile kapar3oM ko patthara para pITA jAtA thA phira unheM ghisA jAtA thaa| jaba kapar3e dhulakara sApha ho jAte to unheM dhUpa dekara sugandhita kiyA jAtA thaa|133 tauliye Adi vastroM ko kaSAyaraMga se raMgA jaataa| raMge hue vastra garma mausama meM pahane jAte the|934 vastra nirmANa ke kendra vastra nirmANa hetu kucha sthala bahuta prasiddha the| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM uttarApatha aura dakSiNApatha ke vyApAriyoM dvArA paraspara vastroM ke vinimaya kA varNana milatA hai|135 sUtI vastra usa samaya vastra nirmANa ke liye kapAsa kA sabase adhika upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| sUta ko phailAkara tAnA-bAnA kiyA jAtA thA, phira 'kaDajogI 136 (vastra bunane kA eka upakaraNa) se 'tantuvAyazAlA' meM vastra taiyAra kiyA jAtA thaa| 'bRhatkalpabhASya se striyoM dvArA sUta kAtane kA pramANa milatA hai|137 bRhatkalpabhASya aura nizIthacUrNi ke atirikta vastroM kA paryApta ullekha sthAnAMgavRtti meM bhI milatA

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Arthika jIvana hai|138 sabhAoM meM zukla vastroM ko dhAraNa karake jAnA zubha mAnA jAtA thaa|139 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM eka aisI vRddhA kA ullekha AyA hai jo moTA sUta kAtatI thii|140 kASTha udyoga ___kASTha ke dIpaka banAye jAte the, jo kaI prakAra (avalambana, utkampana aura, paMjara) ke hote the| ina dIpakoM kA upayoga mandiroM tathA caityoM meM hotA thaa|141 prAcInakAla meM kASTha kA bar3A mahattva thaa| vanoM se kaccA mAla paryApta mAtrA meM mila jAtA thaa| jaMgaloM se lakar3I Adi kATane ke kAma ko 'vanakamma' kahA jAtA thaa|142 prAtaH hote hI rathakAra gAr3iyA~ lekara jaMgaloM meM lakar3I kATane ke liye cala dete the|143 devAlayoM ke lie lakar3I kI mUrtiyA~ bhI banAI jAtI thiiN| kaI bAra jalate hue dIpaka se unameM Aga lagane ke prasaMga prApta hote haiN|144 kRSNacitra kASTha uttama kASTha samajhA jAtA thaa| kuzala zilpI aneka prakAra ke vRkSoM45 kI lakar3iyoM se khar3AUM (pAuyA) taiyAra karate aura unameM vaiDUrya tathA sundara riSTa aura aMjana jar3akara camakadAra bahumUlya ratnoM se unheM bhUSita karate the|146 citra udyoga 'bRhatkalpabhASya' se jJAta hotA hai ki eka buddhimAna gaNikA ne apanI citrasabhA meM vividha udyogoM se sambandhita citra banavA rakhe the| jaba koI Agantuka citra vizeSa kI ora AkarSita hotA thA taba vaha usakI vRtti aura ruci kA anumAna lagA letI thii| gaNigA marugI'macce, apasattho bhAvuvakkamo hoi / Ayariyassa u bhAvaM, uvakkamijjA aha pasattho // 147 carma udyoga carmakAra athavA padakAra camar3e kA kAma karate the| jaina sAdhviyoM ke liye nirloma carma dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna hai|148 jaina sAdhuoM ke upayoga Ane vAle sAmAnoM meM camar3e kA eka upakaraNa thaa| vastra ke abhAva meM unheM isakA upayoga vihita thaa|149 jaina sAdhu aura sAdhviyA~ bhI vizeSa paristhiti meM (rugNa Adi hone para) bakare, bher3a, gAya, bhaiMsa tathA vyAghra ke carma kA upayoga kara sakate

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bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana the|150 sAdhviyoM ke rugNa ho jAne para unake lie vyAghra (dIvi) aura taraccha (vyAghra kI eka jAti) ke carma ke upayoga karane kA vidhAna hai|51 kutte ke camar3e kA bhI ullekha milatA hai|52 prasAdhana udyoga prasAdhana udyoga usa samaya unnata para thaa| dravyoM se sugandhita tela, vilepana tathA vividha zRMgAraparaka prasAdhana banAne kA varNana kiyA gayA hai|153 tela udyoga usa samaya sarasoM, alasI, eraNDa, tila tathA iMgudI Adi ke bIjoM se tela nikAlA jAtA thaa| alAbu nAmaka pAla-lepa ke sandarbha meM tela ke upayoga kA ullekha hai|154 dhAtu udyoga dhAtuoM ke utpatti-sthAna ko 'Akara kahA gayA hai|155 khAnoM aura unase nikalane vAle khanija padArthoM ke sandarbha se patA calatA hai ki khanana kriyA vistRta rUpa se kI jAtI thii|156 khAna khodane vAle zramika 'sitikhAnA' kahe jAte the|157 khanija padArthoM kI bharamAra thii| khanijoM meM lohA, tAMbA, sIsA, cA~dI (hiraNya, rUpya), sonA (suvarNa), maNi, ratna aura vajra upalabdha hote the|158 lauha udyoga lohe kA kAma karane vAle ko 'lohakAra' yA 'ayaskAra' kahA jAtA thaa| lohAra kRSi ke upakaraNa yathA- hala, kudAlI, pharasA, datiyAM Adi ke sAtha anya bahuta ghara ke kAma Ane vAlI vastue~ jaise- kaiMcI, churiyA~, sUiyAM, nakhachedanI Adi bhI banAte the|159 lohAra prAtaH hI apanI bhaTThI jalAkara apanA kArya Arambha kara dete the|160 ispAta banAne ke lie lohA DhAlA jAtA thaa| sUcI (sUI) ke ullekha se ispAta kI sUcanA milatI hai|161 luhAroM (kammAra=karmAra) kA vyApAra unnati para thaa| lohe kI kIleM, DaMDe aura ber3iyAM, kavaca, hathiyAra, ArikA nakhArcanI zastrakoza Adi banAye jAte the|162 dantakarma hAthIdAMta bahuta kImatI mAnA jAtA thaa| hAthI-dA~ta ke lie loga hAthiyoM kA zikAra karate the| hAthI-dA~ta kI mUrtiyA~ bhI banAyI jAtI thiiN|163

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Arthika jIvana 67 svarNa udyoga 'bRhatkalpabhASya aura nizIthacUrNi' se patA calatA hai ki eka pazupAlaka ko kahIM se svarNa milA jise usane kisI svarNakAra ko sone ke moraMga (kuMDala) banAne ke liye diyaa| svarNakAra ne lobhavaza tA~be kA banAkara usa para svarNa kA pAnI car3hAkara de diyaa|164 isase jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya svarNa ke kalApUrNa AbhUSaNa banAye jAte the| 'vasudevahiNDI' se bhI patA calatA hai ki mathurA ke ajitasena ne jinapAla svarNakAra ke putra ko bulAkara AbhUSaNa banAne kI AjJA dI thI / 165 lavaNa udyoga lavaNa (namaka) kA bhojana meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM ullekha hai ki namaka aura mirca masAloM se saMskArita bhojana svAdiSTa hotA hai / 166 bhANDa udyoga mRNbhANDa banAne vAloM ko 'kumhAra' aura bartana banAne vAloM ko 'kolAlika' kahA jAtA thaa| kumhAra miTTI tathA pAnI ko milAkara usameM kSAra tathA karIba milAkara mRttikApiNDa taiyAra karatA thaa| phira use cAka para rakhakara daNDa aura sUtra kI sahAyatA se AvazyakatAnusAra choTe-bar3e bartana taiyAra karatA thA / 167 kumhAra kI pA~ca prakAra kI zAlAoM kA ullekha hai| jahA~ kumhAra bartana banAte the use 'kammazAlA' kahA jAtA thA, jahA~ jalAne ke liye tRNa lakar3I gobara ke upale rakhe jAte the use 'iMdhaNasAlA' kahA jAtA thA, jahA~ bane hue bartana bhaTThI meM pakAye jAte the use 'pacanasAlA' kahA jAtA thA aura jahA~ bartana banAkara ekatrita aura surakSita kiyA jAtA thA use 'paNatasAlA' kahA jAtA thA / 168 sUryAsta ke bAda dIpaka jalAkara prakAza kiyA jAtA thA / dIpaka prAya: miTTI ke hote the| kucha dIpaka sArI rAta jalAye jAte aura kucha thor3e samaya ke liye / 169 skanda aura mukunda ke caityoM meM rAtri ke samaya dIpaka jalAye jAte aura aneka bAra kuttoM yA cUhoM ke dvArA dIpaka ke ulaTa diye jAne se devatAoM kI kASThamayI mUrtiyoM meM Aga laga jAtI / 170 vAstu 'bRhatkalpabhASya' ke prathama uddeza meM durga, eka yA aneka dvAroM se yukta prAcIra, upAzraya, vasati, caityagRha Adi kA bAra-bAra ullekha huA hai jisase pratIta hotA

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68 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana hai ki usa samaya vAstu-nirmANa kA kArya kAphI unnata thaa| vAstu udyoga ne itanI unnati kara lI thI ki vAtAnukUla gRhoM kA bhI nirmANa hotA thaa|171 nagaroM meM caur3I sar3akeM aura unako jor3ane vAlI choTI-choTI vIthiyA~ banAI jAtI thiiN| jaina granthoM meM vAstu vizeSajJoM ke nAma Aye haiM jo rAjamahala, bhavana, sabhAmaNDapa, tRNakuTIra, sAdhAraNa ghara, guphA, bAjAra, devAlaya, pyAU, Azrama, bhUmigRha, puSkariNI, bAvar3I, stUpa Adi banAte the|72 madya udyoga 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM vibhinna vastuoM se madirA nirmANa kiye jAne kA pramANa milatA hai| isameM gur3a se banAyI jAne vAlI madirA ko 'gaur3I' cAvala Adi se banAyI jAne vAlI madirA ko 'peSTI' bA~sa ke aMkura (karIloM) se banAyI gayI madirA ko 'vazINa' tathA phaloM se banAyI gayI madirA ko 'phalasurANa' kahA jAtA hai|173 kuTIra udyoga uparyukta udyogoM ke atirikta kuTIra udyoga bhI pracalita the| Una, muMja, U~Ta ke bAla, sana Adi ke royeM se sAdhuoM ke lie 'rajoharaNa' banAye jAte the|174 kASThakarma aura pustakarma se banAI gaI pratimAyeM jaghanya, hAthI dA~ta se banAyI huI madhyama aura maNiyoM se banAI huI puttalikAe~ uttama mAnI jAtI thiiN|175 gRhanirmANa kalA kAphI vikasita pratIta hotI hai kyoMki rAjagIra aura bar3haI ke kAma ko mukhya dhandhoM meM ginA gayA hai| makAnoM, prAsAdoM, talagharoM aura maMdiroM kI nIMva rakhane ke liye aneka rAjagIra aura bar3haI kAma karate the|176 makAna banAne ke lie IMTa (iTTikA)177, miTTI (pur3havI), zarkarA, (sakkarA), bAlU (bAluyA), aura (upala)178 Adi kI AvazyakatA par3atI thii| raMga-udyoga 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM sAde aura raMge huye vastroM kA ullekha huA hai aura usI jagaha kRSNa, nIla, lohita, pIta aura zukla raMgoM kA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai jisase pratIta hotA hai ki raMgAI kA kAma vidhivata hotA thaa|179 audyogika zrama 'bRhatkalpabhASya' se patA calatA hai ki prAyaH sabhI prakAra ke zilpI apaneapane vyavasAya ke saMrakSaNa evaM pravardhana ke prati saceSTa the| isI kAraNa ve 'nigama',

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Arthika jIvana saMgha, zreNI, pUga aura nikAya jaise saMgaThanoM meM saMgaThita the|180 'vasudevahiNDI' se patA calatA hai ki kovakAsa zilpa sIkhane ke liye yavanadeza gayA thA aura vahA~ ke AcArya se saba prakAra kA kASThakarma sIkhakara vaha tAmralipta AyA thaa|181 bRhatkalpabhASya meM ina zAlAoM ke sambandha meM patA calatA hai| lohAroM kI zAlA 'karmArazAlA' 'samara' aura 'Ayasa' kahA jAtA thaa| tantuvAya kI zAlA ko 'natakazAlA' kahA jAtA thA aura svarNakAra kI zAlA ko kalAdazAlA kahA jAtA thaa|182 mudrAe~ kImateM rupaye-paise ke rUpa meM nirdhArita hotI thiiN| rupayA-paisA bhArata meM bahuta prAcIna kAla se vinimaya kA mAdhyama thaa| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM kaI prakAra ke sikkoM kA varNana milatA hai| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM dvIpa (saurASTra ke dakSiNa meM eka yojana calane para samudra meM sthita) ke do sAbharaka ko uttarApatha ke eka rupyaka ke barAbara, uttarApatha ke do rupyaka ko pATaliputra ke eka rupyaka ke barAbara, dakSiNApatha ke do rupyaka ko kAMcIpurI ke eka nelaka ke barAbara, tathA kAMcIpurI ke do nelaka ko kusumapura (pATaliputra) ke eka nelaka ke barAbara kahA gayA hai|183 tItara eka karSApaNa meM mila jAtA thaa| gAya kA mUlya 500 sikke tathA kambaloM kA mUlya 18 rupyaka se lagAkara eka lAkha rupyaka taka thaa|184 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM svarNa, kevaDika, rajata, tAmra, rUvaga prakAra ke sikkoM kA varNana milatA hai|185 kevaDika prakAra kA sikkA svarNa sikkoM ke sAtha hI kevaDika (kevaDie) nAmaka sikkoM kA bhI ullekha hai| 'nizIthacUrNI meM bhI kevaDiya nAmaka sikke kA ullekha huA hai|186 lekina isa sikke ke bAre meM koI Thosa jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotI hai| rUvaga prakAra kA rajata sikkA cA~dI dvArA nirmita sikkoM meM 'rUvaga yA rupyaka' usa samaya sarvAdhika pracalita sikkA thaa| vibhinna pradezoM meM pracalita rUvaga bhinna-bhinna nAma vAle tathA mUlyakSamatA vAle the| saurASTra aura dakSiNApatha meM pracalita rUvaga ko 'sAbharaga' kahA jAtA thaa| uttarApatha ke rUvaga ko 'uttarapahagA' aura dakSiNApatha ke rUvaga ko 'dakSiNapahagA' tathA kAMcIpura ke rUvaga ko 'nelaka' kahA jAtA thaa| kusumapura tathA pATaliputra meM pracalita rUvaga ko 'pATaliputtagA' kahA jAtA thaa|287

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70 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana rUvaga kI prAmANikatA rajata nirmita rUvagoM meM pATaliputra kA rUvaga sabase prAmANika mAnA jAtA thaa| pATaliputra kA eka rUvaga, uttarApatha ke do rUvaga tathA dviga (dvIpa) ke cAra sAbharaga ke barAbara thaa| isI prakAra kAMcIpura ke do nelaka evaM dakSiNApatha kA do rUvaga, pATaliputra ke eka rUvaga ke barAbara thaa|288 rajata nirmita dramma rajata nirmita eka anya sikkA jise dramma kahA jAtA thA, bhillamAla (bhinamAla, jilA jodhapura) meM pracalita thaa|189 tAmra sikke tAMbe ke sikkoM ke rUpa meM paNa, mASa aura kAkaNI kA ullekha huA hai| tA~be ke karSApaNa kA solahavA~ bhAga mASa karSApaNa thaa| tA~be kA eka choTA sikkA kAkiNI bhI thA jo dakSiNa bhArata meM pracalita thaa|190 'nizIthacUrNi' ke anusAra pratidina ke vyavahAra meM tAmra ke sikkoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa|191 anya sikke ina sikkoM ke atirikta choTe sikkoM ke rUpa meM kaur3iyoM kA bhI prayoga hotA thaa| yaha samudrI jIva ke zarIra kA AvaraNa thaa| bRhatkalpabhASya' meM ise 'kavaDuka'192 kahA gayA hai| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' aura usakI vRtti meM aneka mudrAoM kA ullekha hai| sabase pahale kaur3I (kavaDaga) kA nAma AtA hai| tA~be ke sikkoM meM kAkiNI193 kA ullekha hai, jo sambhavataH sabase choTA sikkA thA aura dakSiNApatha meM pracalita thaa|194 cA~dI ke sikkoM meM dramma195 kA nAma AtA hai aura bhillamAla (bhinamAla, jilA jodhapura) meM yaha sikkA pracalita thaa| sone ke sikkoM meM dInAra 96 athavA kevaDikA kA ullekha hai jisakA pracAra pUrva deza meM thaa| mayUrAMka rAjA ne apane nAma se cihnita dInAroM ko gAr3akara rakkhA thaa|197 'bRhatkalpabhASya' tathA "nizIthacarNi' meM dInAra kA ullekha eka svarNa sikke ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| jisakA pracalana pUrva deza meM adhika thaa|198 ApasI lena-dena athavA vastuoM ke kraya-vikraya meM ina sikkoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| prAcIna kAla meM dInAra grIka se liyA gayA laiTina kA 'deneriyasa' thA jo eka prakAra kA cA~dI kA sikkA thaa|199

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Arthika jIvana 71 isa prakAra yaha grantha tatkAlIna Arthika paristhitiyoM kA eka samyak lekhAjokhA prastuta karatA hai jisameM jIvikA ke sAdhanoM ke sAtha-sAtha usa samaya ke Arthika pradeyoM kI bhI vistRta carcA kI gayI hai| sandarbha 1. bRhatkalpasUtra bhASya, gA. 825 2. vahI, gA. 825 evaM usakI vRtti 3. bRhatkalpasUtra bhASya, gA. 4891 4. vahI, gA. 3757 5. vahI, pIThikA gA. 729 6. vahI, pIThikA gA. 77 7. vahI, gA. 1091 8. vahI, gA. 1092 9. vahI, gA. 10 10. vahI, pIThikA gA. 575 11. vahI, gA. 3468 12. vahI, vRtti, bhAga-1, pR. 79 nizIthacUrNi meM bhI ina upakaraNoM kA ullekha hai madhusena, e kalcarala sTaDI Apha nizIthacUrNi, pR. 194 13. madhusena, vahI, pR. 194 14. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 826 15. vahI, gA. 827 16. vahI, pIThikA gA. 826 17. vahI, gA. 1239 18. nizIthacUrNi, pIThikA 329 19. mahAbhArata, sabhAparva 47.9 tathA 5.67 20. (ka) bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, pIThikA gA. 828 (kha) brIhiryavo masUro, godhUmo mudg-bhaass-til-cnnkaaH| aNavaH priyaMgu-kodravamukuSThakAH zAlirADhakya / / kiJca kalApa kulatthau zaraNasaptadazAni bIjAni / / bR.ka.bhA.vR

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72 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 21. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 3300 nizIthacUrNi meM 24 prakAra ke dhAnyoM kA ullekha hai- madhusena, pUrvokta, pU. 125 22. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, 3301 23. vahI, 1212 24. vahI, gA. 3299 25. vahI, gA. 1092 26. vahI, gA. 3298 27. jagadIza candra jaina, jai.A.sA. meM bhA.sa.pU. 122 28. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 3311 29. vahI, gA. 3394-95; nizIthasUtra, 17.124 meM koThI (koThiyA) kA ullekha hai| 30. vyavahArabhASya, 10.23; sUtrakRtAMga, 4.2.7.12 31. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, pIThikA gA. 575; uttarAdhyayanasUtra 19.53 32. vahI, pIThikA gA. 380 33. vahI, gA. 3468 34. vahI, pIThikA gA. 729 35. jaMgiya, bhaMgiya, sANiya, pottaya aura tirIyapaTTaka nAma ke pA~ca vastra ginAye jAte haiN| inameM kevala pottaya hI kapAsa se banAyA jAtA thaa| - madhu sena, nizIthacUrNi, pR. 147-49 36. jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 124 37. vahI, vyavahArabhASya, saMpA. muni dulaharAja, jai.vi.bhA. 2004, gA. 1000, upAsakadazA-1 38. vahI, TIkA, gA. 1219 para 39. vahI, TIkA gA. 1268; pariziSTa 55, pR. 703, uttarAdhyayana, 27.3-4 40. vahI, gA. 2199 41. vahI, gA. 5202 42. vahI, gA. 3240-89 43. vahI, gA. 2119 44. nizIthacUrNi, 4.1638

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Arthika jIvana 73 45. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, TI., gA. 2762 46. ni.cU. 20, pR. 304 47. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 3914 48. 'niveso satthAijattA vA' -bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 1091 49. nigama naigama vaggo' - vahI, gA. 1090 50. vahI, gA. 1110 51. vahI, gA. 1090, motIcandrakRta sArthavAha, pR. 163 52. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya vRtti, pR. 342 53. madhu sena, e kalcarala sTaDI Apha dI nizIthacUrNi, vArANasI, 1975, pR. 209 54. 'doNamuha jalamale paTTeNa' - bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 1090 55. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya vRtti, pR. 342 56. motIcanda, sArthavAha, paTanA, 1953, pR. 163 57. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 1091 58. vahI, gA. 1091 59. motIcanda ke sArthavAha meM likhita vAsudevazaraNa agravAla kI bhUmikA, pR. 2 60. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 3086, ni.cU. 4.5677 61. 'jai amhaM koi bAlo AdisachAo buDDo dubbalo gilANoM vA gaMtunaNa sakejjA tubbhehiM cddaaveybbo'| -bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 3078 62. vahI, gA. 3080 63. 'jaI jattha disA mUDho havejjA gacchosavA labuDDovaNadevatAye tAhe NivamapagaMtha taha kareti' - bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 3108 64. vahI, gA. 3087 65. vahI, gA. 3068 66. 'jala-thalapahesu rayaNANuvajjaNaM teNa aDavipaccte / vipanvate nikkhaNaNa phuTTapatthara mA me rayaNehara palAvo / ' -bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 5857 67. 'sAvaya aNNaha, aTThA saya joI jtnnaaye| teNe vayaNacaugaraM, tatto va avAuThA hoMti' -bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 3103-3104

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74 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 68. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 3110 69. jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra 1.15.5 pR. 384 70. jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra, 1.17.8 pR. 476; motIcanda, sArthavAha, pR. 172 71. vasudevahiNDI, 1.146 72. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 3066 73. vahI, gA. 3070 74. vahI, gA. 3071 va 3072 sArthavAha, pR. 166 75. vahI, gA. 3973 76. vahI, gA. 3074 77. vahI, gA. 4873-74 sArthavAha, pR. 166-67 78. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 3076 79. vahI, gA. 3077 80. vahI, gA. 3079 sArthavAha, pR. 167 81. vahI, pRSTha 3096-87; sArthavAha, pR. 167 82. AvazyakacUrNi, pR. 108 83. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 3442-45; sArthavAha, pR. 168 84. vahI, gA. 3112-14; sArthavAha, pR. 168 85. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 2775, 2926 86. vahI, gA. 2926 87. vahI, gA. 2787 88. vahI, gA. 2926, bhAga-1, pIThikA gA. 195 89. vahI, pIThikA gA. 500 90. vahI, pIThikA gA. 360 91. vahI, gA. 3263 92. sighADagaM tiyaM khalu cauracchasamAgamo caukkaM tu chaNha racchANa jahiM pavaho taM paccaraM vitii| -bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 2300 93. saMghadAsagaNi-vasudevahiNDI, 1.42 94. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, pIThikA gA. 260

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Arthika jIvana 75 95. saMghadAsagaNi -vasudevahiNDI, 1.148 96. 'pAuli murUMDa dUte prasinapure scivmelnnaaddddvaase'| -bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 2291 97. vasudevahiNDI, 2.209 98. saMghadAsagaNi -vasudevahiNDI, 1.42 99. 'kameNa atiNNA mo sindhusAgarasaMgama nadiM vaccAyo uttarapuvvaMdisaM bhayamANa atigaciyA hUNa-khasa-cINa-bhamio' -saMghadAsagaNi -vasudevahiNDI, 1.148 100. uttarAdhyayana, 21.2,4 101. svarNabhUmi kI pahacAna varmA, kamalapura kI kamboDiyA, yavadvIpa kI jAvA se siMhaladvIpa kI laMkA se yavaNadvIpa kI sikandiyA se babbara kI pahacAna bArbarikama se kI jAtI hai| -saMghadAsagaNi-vasudevahiNDI, 1.146 102. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 5618 103. vahI, gA. 5619 se 5664 104. vahI, gA. 2397, ni.cU., 16.5323 meM kahA hai 'sagaDapakkhasAricchaM jalajANaM kocNviirgN'| 105. nizIthabhASya,pIThikA 183 / ni.sU. 18.12-13 meM cAra prakAra ke nAvoM kA ullekha hai- urdhvagAminI, adhogAminI, yojanavelAgAminI aura ardhyojnvelaagaaminii| 106. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 2300, rAjapraznIyasUtra, 10 107. vahI, gA. 3073 bhA. TIkA (haribhadra), pR. 384; jJAtAdharmakathA, 15, pR. 160 ___ tathA phala jAtaka, 1, pR. 352, Adi; apaNNaka jAtaka (1), pR. 128 Adi; avadAnazataka 2, 13, pR. 71 108. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 3171 109. vahI, gA. 3171 110. vahI, vRtti; pR. 1090 111. vahI, pR. 342 112. vahI, gA. 1090 113. vahI, gA. 425 114. bR.ka.bhA. vRtti, bhAga-2, gA. 1239

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76 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 115. AvazyakacUrNI, pR. 472 116. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 2506 117. avadAnazataka, 2.476 (13 Adi) 118. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 4220 119. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya vRtti, gA. 1093; tathA paramatthadIpikA, udAna-aTThakathA pR. 422 / 120. vahI, gA. 230 121. vahI, gA. 3757; tulanA kIjie- rAisa DeviDsa, kaimbrija hisTrI oNva iMDiyA, pR. 207 / bauddha granthoM meM zrAvastI ke anAthapiMDaka nAmaka eka atyanta dhanI zreSThI kA ullekha hai, jo bauddha saMgha kA bar3A prabhAvaka thaa| 122. nizIthasUtra, 9.26 kI cU. 123. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, vRtti, gA. 3884 124. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 3662 125. vahI, gA. 3914 126. vahI, gA. 3912 127. vahI, gA. 159 128. vahI, gA. 159 129. vahI, gA. 1591 130. vahI, gA. 4216 131. vahI, gA. 2043 132. vahI, gA. 4216 133. vahI, pIThikA gA. 45 134. vahI, pIThikA gA. 613 135. vahI, gA. 6244 136. vahI, gA. 2997 137. vahI, pIThikA gA. 171 138. vahI, gA. 3661; nizIthabhASya, gA. 760; sthAnAMgavRtti, patra 321 139. vahI, gA. 6035

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Arthika jIvana 140. 'ai dhUlaM kattesi' vahI, pIThikA gA. 171 149. vahI, gA. 3465 142 . vahI, gA. 2570 77 143. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASAya gA. 3475 144. vahI, pIThikA gA. 216 145. vahI, gA. 4097 146. kalpasUtra 1.14; tulanA kIjie mahAvagga, 5.2.17 pR. 209, dhammapada aTThakathA, 3, pR. 330, 45 147. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, pIThikA gA. 262 148. vahI, gA. 3810 149. vahI, gA. 2885 150. vahI, gA. 3824 151 . vahI, gA. 817 Adi 152. vahI, gA. 1016 153. vahI, gA. 2557 154. vahI, pIThikA gA. 524 155. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya TIkA, gA. 1090 156. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 5686; uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 36-73-77; ni.cU., 2.1039, 1030 157. ni.cU. 3.3719 158. ni. cU., 5.35; 11.1, prajJApanA, 1.17; sthAnAMga 4. 349 159. 'egIkaroti parasuMNitvacetiNasachedaNaM avaro kutaM ya vejjhe, ariya sUI avaro' / - bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 3943 160. vahI, gA. 2570 161 . vahI, gA. 3534 162 . vahI, gA. 2883 163. vahI, gA. 3066

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78 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 164. 'ghasaNa maNimAdiyANa kahADhI' -bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 4905 'maNiyarA sANIra ghaMsanti layuhena vedhaM kAu' -ni. cU., 2.508 165. saMghadAsagaNi -vasudevahiNDI, 2.296 166. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 1611, 1713 167. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, pIThikA gA. 307; upAsakadazAMga 7.7 168. vahI, gA. 3445-46 169. vahI, gA. 3461 170. vahI, gA. 3675 171. vahI, gA. 2716 172. praznavyAkaraNa, 1.14 173. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya gA. 3412 174. vahI, gA. 3674 175. vahI, gA. 2469 176. vahI, TIkA 396 177. vahI, gA. 1123; bhAga-4, gA. 4768-4770 178. sUtrakRtAMga, 2.3.61 179. vahI, gA. 3867 180. vahI, gA. 1091; bhAga-4, gAya. 3959 181. saMghadAsagaNi, vasudevahiNDI, 1.72 182. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 2929, uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, 1.26 183. vahI, pIThikA gA. 969; bhAga-4, gA. 3891 nizIthabhASya, 10.3070 aura cUrNi, 1.958-59 184. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, 3890 185. vahI, 3893 186. vahI, gA. 1969; ni.cU., bhAga-3, pR. 111 187. vahI, gA. 3891; ni.cU. bhAga-2, pR. 95 188. vahI, gA. 3891-3892 189. vahI, gA. 1969

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Arthika jIvana 79 190. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 1969 191. 'tAmramayaM vA jaM NANagaM kvaharati' -ni.cU., 3.3070 192. vahI, pIThikA gA. 721 193. uttarAdhyayana TIkA 7.11, pR. 1181 yaha eka bahuta choTA tA~be kA sikkA hotA thA jo tA~be ke kArSApaNa kA cauthAI hotA thaa| dekhiye arthazAstra, 2.14-32.8 pR. 194 194. ni.cU., 3.pR. 11 195. yaha grIsa kA eka sikkA thA jise grIka bhASA meM dracma kahA gayA hai| 196. I. san kI prathama zatAbdI meM, kuSANakAla meM roma ke Deniriyasa nAma ke sikke se yaha liyA gayA hai| 197. nizIthabhASya, 13.4315 / sikkoM para morachApa kA Arambha kumAragupta se hotA hai| usake bAda skandagupta aura bhAnugupta ke sikkoM meM bhI mora kA calana rhaa| 198. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, vRtti, pR. 574, nizIthacUrNi 3, pR. 111 199. DaoN. lallana jI gopAla -ekonAmika lAipha Apha nArdarna iNDiyA, pR. 209 dillI, paTanA, vArANasI, 1965

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adhyAya-5 rAjanaitika jIvana bRhatkalpabhASya rAjanItizAstra se saMbaMdhita grantha nahIM hai aura na hI isakA yaha uddezya hai / phira bhI isameM rAjya aura zAsana se saMbaMdhita aneka viSayoM kI carcA huI hai| prApta sUcanAoM se tatkAlIna zAsana- vyavasthA ko samajhane meM kAphI madada milatI hai| rAjya ke prakAra prAcIna bhArata meM rAjatantrAtmaka zAsana praNAlI kA sarvadA bolabAlA rahA hai| isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki anya zAsana-praNAliyA~ nadArata thIM kyoMki prAcIna graMthoM meM unakA ullekha milatA hai| jaina nirgrantha-nirgranthiyoM kI yAtrA ke sambandha meM bRhatkalpabhASya meM ullekha hai ki ve vairAjyoM meM gamanAgamana na kreN| isI sandarbha meM vairAjya ke cAra prakAra batalAye gaye haiM- aNarAya (arAjaka ), juvarAya ( yauvarAjya), verajjaya (vairAjya) aura verajja (dvairaajy)| arAjaka rAjya use kahate the jisameM rAjA kI mRtyu ho jAne para siMhAsana ke do dAvedAra hoM aura kisI kA bhI rAjyAbhiSeka na kiyA gayA ho / yauvarAjya vaha rAjya thA jisameM rAjA kI mRtyu ke bAda yuvarAja kA bAkAyade rAjyAbhiSeka na kiyA gayA ho aura usane nayA yuvarAja niyukta na kiyA ho| vairAjya use kahate the jisa para zatru kI senA kA adhikAra ho gayA ho| dvairAjya usa rAjya ko kahate the jisameM gaddI ko adhikRta karane ke liye do rAjAoM meM yuddha hotA ho / rAjA aNarAyaM nivamaraNe, juvarAyA jAva docca Na'bhisitto / verajjaM tu parabalaM, dAiyakalaho u berajjaM // 1 rAjA rAjya kA sarvesarvA hotA thaa| vaha prajA kA pAlaka aura rAjya kA rakSaka hotA thaa| bRhatkalpabhASya meM rAjA ke guNa-doSa kA vizad vivecana to nahIM kiyA gayA hai lekina itanA avazya kahA gayA hai ki jo rAjA strI vyasana, dyUta vyasana, madya vyasana Adi meM lipta rahatA hai vaha rAjya ke kArya vyApAra ko calAne

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rAjanaitika jIvana ke lie ayogya hotA hai| dharmazAstroM meM bhI rAjA meM ina avaguNoM ke hone kI AlocanA kI gaI hai| uttarAdhikAra uttarAdhikAra kA prazna bar3A jaTila aura gambhIra hotA thaa| sAmAnyatayA rAjA ke jyeSTha putra ko hI rAjagaddI kA uttarAdhikArI banAyA jAtA thaa| parantu durbhAgya se yadi putravihIna rAjA kI mRtyu ho jAya to maMtriyoM kI salAha se dharmazravaNa Adi ke bahAne svastha sAdhuoM ko rAjaprAsAda meM AmaMtrita kara unake dvArA santAnotpatti karAyI jAtI thii| uttarAdhikArI khoja nikAlane ke lie yathAsambhava sabhI prakAra ke upAya kAma meM lAye jAte the| isa sambandha meM bRhatkalpabhASya meM eka manoraMjaka kathA AtI hai| kisI rAjA ke tIna putra the| tInoM ne zramaNadIkSA grahaNa kara lI thii| kucha samaya bAda rAjA kI mRtyu ho gyii| maMtriyoM ne rAjalakSaNoM se yukta kisI puruSa kI khoja karanA Arambha kiyA, lekina saphalatA na milii| itane meM patA calA ki ukta tInoM rAjakumAra muniveSa meM vihAra karate hue nagara ke udyAna meM Thahare hue haiN| mantrIgaNa, chatra, cAmara, khaDga Adi upakaraNoM ke sAtha udyAna meM phuNce| rAjapada svIkAra karane ke liye unhoMne tInoM se nivedana kiyaa| pahale ne dIkSA tyAgakara saMsAra meM punaH praveza karane se inakAra kara diyA, dUsare ko AcArya ne sAdhviyoM ke kisI Azrama meM chupA diyaa| tIsare ne zramaNajIvana kA pAlana karane meM asamartha hone se rAjapada svIkAra kara liyaa| ___usa samaya uttarAdhikArI cunane kA eka aura tarIkA thA jo vyavahArabhASya meM diyA huA hai| nagara meM eka ghor3A ghumAyA jAtA thaa| jisake pAsa vaha ghor3A pITha karake ruka jAtA thA use rAjagaddI para baiThA diyA jAtA ssaa| isa saMdarbha meM mUladeva kA udAharaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kahA gayA hai ki jaba corI ke aparAdha meM mUladeva ko phA~sI dene ke lie le jAyA jA rahA thA usI samaya vahA~ ke putravihIna rAjA kI mRtyu ho gii| paraMparA ke anusAra ghor3e ko nagara meM ghumAyA gayA, ghor3A mUladeva kI ora pITha karake khar3A ho gayA aura mUladeva ko phA~sI ne dekara rAjagaddI para baiThA diyA gyaa| rAjabhavana jaina AgamoM meM rAjAoM ke nivAsa ke lie banAye gaye mahala ko rAjabhavana kahA gayA hai jaba ki devatAoM ke nivAsa vAlI imArata ko prAsAda kahA gayA

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82 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana hai| vyavahArabhASya meM cakravartI rAjAoM, vAsudevoM, mANDalikoM aura sAmAnya jana ke mahaloM kA ullekha huA hai| rAjabhavana kA hI eka hissA antaHpura kahalAtA thA jisake saMbaMdha meM prastuta grantha meM mahattvapUrNa sUcanAe~ prApta hotI haiN| antaHpura meM pradhAna mahiSI ke atirikta anya rAniyA~ hotI thIM aura rAjA sundara nAriyoM dvArA unakI saMkhyA meM vRddhi kI barAbara ceSTA karatA thaa| kabhIkabhI to vaha samUha ke nAriyoM ko le AtA thaa| bRhatkalpabhASya meM isI taraha kI ghaTanA kA ullekha huA hai| eka bAra indramaha kA utsava manAyA jA rahA thaa| pA~ca sau kanyAe~ indradeva kI pUjA ke lie gaI huI thiiN| utsava ko dekhane ke lie vahA~ kA hema nAmaka rAjakumAra bhI gayA huA thaa| ina kanyAoM ko dekhakara rAjakumAra mohita ho gayA aura vaha unheM apane antaHpura meM uThavA le gyaa| ina kanyAoM ke mAtA-pitA ne rAjA se zikAyata kI to rAjA ne pUchA ki kyA tuma loga mere putra ko apanA dAmAda nahIM banAnA caahte|' isa para ve rAjI ho gaye aura sabhI kanyAoM kA rAjakumAra se vivAha kara diyA gyaa| __antaHpura kI rakSA ke lie rAjA satat prayatnazIla rahatA thA tAki usakI pavitratA meM kisI bhI prakAra kA dhabbA na lge| isIlie antaHpura kI rakSA ke lie napuMsaka aura vRddhajanoM ko niyukta kiyA jAtA thaa|10 bRhatkalpabhASya meM napuMsaka ko paMDaka kahA gayA hai aura unake chaha lakSaNa batAye gaye haiMmahilAsvabhAva, svarabheda, varNabheda, mahanbheda (pralamba aMgAdAna), mRduvAk aura sazabda evaM aphenaka muutr|11 ukta grantha meM unake kaI bheda-prabheda bhI batalAye gaye haiN| lekina zramaNa-dIkSA ke lie unheM ayogya mAnA gayA hai|12 ___antaHpura kA eka anya rakSaka varisadhara hotA thA jise bacapana meM hI badhiyA kara diyA jAtA thaa|13 nizIthacUrNi meM varisadhara ke atirikta cAra aura rakSaka hote the jinheM daMDArakkhiya, dovoriya, kaMcukina aura mahattaraga kahA jAtA thaa|14 majabUta surakSA ke bAvajUda kucha anahonI ho hI jAtI thii| bRhatkalpabhASya meM ullekha hai ki antaHpura kI kanyAe~ khir3akiyoM ke pAsa baiThakara viTapoM yAnI laMpaToM se bAtacIta kiyA karatI thIM aura eka dina ve unake sAtha bhAga giiN|15 isIlie antaHpura meM bandaroM kA praveza niSiddha thaa|16 yaha isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki rAjA antaHpura kI surakSA ke lie kitanI sAvadhAnI baratatA thaa|

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rAjanaitika jIvana 83 antaHpura kI rAniyoM meM paraspara ghRNA hotI thii| isake kAraNa ve eka dUsare ke putroM se bhI IrSyA karatI thiiN| IrSyA ke kAraNa hI kuNAla kI sautelI mA~ ne SaDayantra se apane sautele putra kI A~kheM nikalavA lI thiiN|27 zAsana-vyavasthA zAsana vyavasthA ke antargata rAjya ko sucAru rUpa se calAne ke lie rAjA kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI thii| rAjA ko sahAyatA pradAna karane hetu maMtrI-pariSad ke sAtha-sAtha kaI anya adhikArI hote the| ina adhikAriyoM ke dvArA sudRr3ha prazAsanika vyavasthA sthApita ho skii| kendrIya zAsana prazAsanika kAryoM ko sucAru rUpa se calAne ke lie maMtripariSad kA gaThana kiyA jAtA thaa| maMtripariSada meM tIna, pA~ca athavA sAta viziSTa vyakti hote the|18 nizIthacUrNi ke anusAra isameM rAjA, yuvarAja, amAtya, zreSThI, purohita, senApati aura sArthavAha hote the|19 lekina bRhatkalpabhASya meM isa prakAra kI koI sUcI prApta nahIM hotI hai| usameM to nimna prakAra ke pA~ca pariSadoM kA ullekha huA haipUranti, chattanti, buddhi, mantri aura rhsyikaa| pUraMtI chattaMtiya, buddhi maMtI rahassiyA ceva / paMca vihA khalu parisA, loia louttarA ceva / / (bR.ka.sU.bhA. 378) rAjA jaba yAtrA hetu bAhara jAtA aura jaba taka vApasa lauTakara na A jAtA, taba-taka rAjakarmacArI usakI sevA meM upasthita rahate the| isa pariSad ko pUranti pariSad kahA jAtA thaa| chattanti pariSad ke sadasya rAjA ke sira para chatra se chAyA karate the aura rAjA kI bAhyazAlA taka hI praveza kara sakate the| buddhi pariSad ke sadasya loka, veda aura zAstra ke paNDita hote the| loka pracalita aneka pravAda unake sAmane prastuta kiye jAte the jinakI ve chAnabIna karate the| maMtri-pariSad ke sadasya rAjazAstroM ke paNDita hote the aura unake paitRka vaMza kA rAjakula se sambandha nahIM hotA thaa| ye rAjya kA hita cAhane vAle vayovRddha tathA svataMtra vicAroM ke hote the aura rAjA ke sAtha ekAnta meM baiThakara maMtraNA karate the| pA~cavI pariSad kA nAma rahassiyA pariSad thaa| yadi kabhI rAnI rAjA se rUTha jAtI ho to isake sadasya use zAnta karate the| ve rAnI ke rajasvalA hone ke bAda snAna kI sUcanA, vivAha yogya rAjakumArI kI sUcanA aura rAnI ke guptapremAlApa kI sUcanA rAjA ko dete the|20 inake sahayoga se rAjA rAjya ke vividha kAryoM kA saMpAdana karatA thaa|

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84 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana sthAnIya zAsana prAcIna bhArata meM grAma zAsana kI prAthamika ikAI hotI thii| nagara athavA rAjadhAnI kI bhA~ti yahA~ kilebandI nahIM hotI thii| eka nagara meM bahuta se grAma hote the| bRhatkalpabhASya meM ullekha hai ki mathurA nagarI meM usa samaya 96 gA~va the|21 grAma kI sImA ke nirdhAraNa ke saMbaMdha meM batAyA gayA hai ki jahA~ taka eka grAma kI gAyeM carane ke liye jAMya, athavA jahA~ taka gA~va kA ghasiyArA yA lakar3ahArA subaha uThakara ghAsa yA lakar3I kATe aura zAma taka apane nivAsa para lauTa Aye, athavA jahA~ taka gA~va ke bacce khelane ke lie jAMya vahA~ taka usa grAma kI sImA hotI thii| gA~va kI khuda kI cahAradIvArI se bhI usakI sImA nirdhArita ho jAtI thii| gA~va ke chora para sthita kue~ evaM bagIce se bhI usakI sImA kA nirdhAraNa ho jAtA thaa| gA~va ke madhya meM eka devakula yAnI maMdira hotA thaa|22 bRhatkalpabhASya meM grAmoM ke bAraha prakAra batalAye gaye haiM- uttAnamallaka, adho mukhamallaka, saMpuTakamallaka, utAnakhaNDamallaka, adho mukhakhaNDamallaka, saMpuTakhaNDamallaka, bhiti, paDAlikA, valabhI, akSavATaka, rucaka aura kaashypsNsthit|23 gA~voM meM vibhinna varNa aura jAtiyoM ke loga rahate the, lekina grAmoM meM mukhya rUpa se eka hI jAti athavA pezevAle rahA karate the, jaise- vaizAlI nagarI tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta thI- vaMbhaNagAma, khattiyakuNDagAma aura vaanniygaam| inameM krama se brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaNika logoM kA nivAsa thaa| kucha gA~voM meM mayUra-poSaka24 (mayUra ko zikSA dene vAle) athavA naTa25 rahA karate the| corapalli meM cora rahate the| sImAprAnta ke gA~va pratyantagrAma (paMcatagAma) kahalAte the, jo upadravoM se khAlI nahIM the|26 kabhI-kabhI gA~voM meM mArapITa hone para logoM kI jAna calI jAtI thii|27 ____ gA~voM ke madhya bhAga meM sabhAgRha hotA thA jahA~ gA~va ke pradhAna puruSa ArAma se baiTha sakate the|28 gA~va ke pradhAna ko bhoia (bhojika) kahA jAtA thaa|29 bhojika kAphI mahattvapUrNa vyakti hotA thaa| eka sthala para ullekha hai ki rAjA ne eka bhojika se prasanna hokara use grAma-maNDala pradAna kara diyaa| grAmavAsI bhojika kI saralatA se bahuta prasanna hue| unhoMne unase nivedana kiyA ki aba hama pIr3hI dara pIr3hI taka Apake sevaka bana gaye haiM, lekina dhIre-dhIre grAmavAsiyoM ne usakA sammAna karanA chor3a diyaa| isa para ruSTa hokara bhojika ne una sabako daNDita kiyaa|

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rAjanaitika jIvana 85 nyAya vyavasthA deza meM zAnti aura surakSA kI sthApanA ke lie nyAya kI samucita vyavasthA kA honA Avazyaka hai| bRhatkalpabhASya se usa samaya kI nyAya vyavasthA ke saMbaMdha meM kucha hI sUcanAe~ prApta hotI haiN| vAda ko vyavahAra kahA gayA hai|31 rAjyakula meM utpanna kAraNika nAmaka rAjyAdhikArI nyAyAlaya meM vAdoM-prativAdoM ke AdhAra dharmAdhikArI para abhiyogoM kA nyAya karatA thaa|32 bRhatkalpabhASya se jJAta hotA hai ki corI aura lar3AI-jhagar3e ke abhiyoga rAjyakula meM jAte the|33 vasudebahiNDI meM hI eka grAmINa kA ullekha huA hai jo rAta ko corI se apane khetoM meM pAnI de detA thaa| usake viruddha sAkSya milane para aura doSa siddha ho jAne para use daNDita kiyA gayA thaa|34 vyavahArabhASya meM nyAyAdhIza ke lie rUpayakSa zabda kA prayoga huA hai| rUpayakSa ko bhaMbhIya, AsurUkkha, mAThara ke nItizAstra aura kauMDinya kI daNDanIti meM kuzala honA cAhie, use lAlaca nahIM karanI cAhie aura nirNaya dete samaya niSpakSa rahanA caahie|35 manusmRti meM vAda ke aThAraha kAraNa batAye gaye haiM 1. RNavasUlI karanA, 2. kisI ke pAsa giravI rakhanA, 3. mAlikAnA haka ke binA kisI vastu kA vikraya karanA, 4. sAjhe kA lena dena honA, 5. dAna meM dI huyI vastu ko vApasa lenA, 6. vetana na denA, 7. pratimA bhaMga karanA, 8. kharIda-bikrI meM kisI bAta ko lekara matabheda ho jAnA, 9. svAmI aura pazupAlakoM meM vivAda ho jAnA, 10. sImA kA vivAda honA, 11. mArapITa karanA, 12. corI karanA, 13. jabardastI kisI kI cIja le lenA, 14. parAye puruSa ke sAtha strI kA saMparka honA, 16. paitRka sampatti kA baMTavArA honA, 17. juA khelanA aura 18. pazu-pakSiyoM ko lar3AnA,26 inameM se kucha kAraNoM ke pramANa prastuta grantha meM bhI prApta hote haiN| bRhatkalpabhASya meM ullekha hai ki kabhI-kabhI rAta ke samaya vezyAe~ jainazramaNoM ke upAzraya meM pahu~cakara upadrava krtiiN| aise samaya unheM vahA~ se nikAlane ke sAre prayatna niSphala ho jAne para sAdhu use baMdhana meM bA~dha, rAjakula meM le jAte aura rAjA se use daNDa dene kA anurodha krte|37 usa samaya coroM kA bahuta AtaMka thaa| ve sAdhviyoM kA apaharaNa kara lete the, sArthavAhoM ke yAna naSTa kara DAlate the, sAdhuoM ke upAzrayoM meM jabaradastI ghusa jAte the aura unake kaMbala Adi uThA le jAte the|38 cora apanI nirdayatA aura krUratA ke lie prasiddha the|

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86 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana coroM ke bhaya se loga rAstA banda kara dete aura mukhya-mukhya rAstoM para sthAna pAlaka rakSA karate the|39 sAdhviyoM ke apaharaNa kI ghaTanA kA ullekha anya jaina granthoM meM bhI huA hai| isake atirikta ve strI-puruSa kA bhI apaharaNa kara lete the| eka bAra ujjainI ke kisI sAgara ke putra kA haraNa kara coroM ne use eka rasoiye ke hAtha beca diyaa|1 mAlavA ke to vodhika cora prasiddha the ve mAlava parvata para rahate the|42 corI aura vyabhicAra kI bhA~ti hatyA bhI mahAn aparAdha ginA jAtA thaa| hatyA karane vAle arthadaNDa (jurmAnA) aura mRtyudaNDa ke bhAgI hote the| uggiNNammi ya gurugo, daMDo paDiyammi hoi bhayaNA u| evaM khu loiyANaM, louttariyANa vocchAmi / / 3 kabhI-kabhI maMtrI Adi bhI rAjAoM ke kopabhAjana ho jAyA karate the| bRhatkalpabhASya meM ullekha hai ki eka bAra paiTThANa kA rAjA zAlivAhana apane senApati ko mathurA para vijaya kA Adeza diyaa| senApati yaha nahIM samajha sakA ki use uttara kI athavA dakSiNa kI mathurA para vijaya prApta karanI hai| ataH usane donoM ko vijita kara rAjA ko sUcanA de dii| isI samaya rAjA ko putra paidA hone tathA khajAnA prApta hone kI bhI sUcanA milii| isase rAjA khuzI ke mAre pAgala ho gayA aura vaha apane mahala kI zayyA, staMbha Adi tor3ane lgaa| yaha dekhakara usakA maMtrI bhI rAjA ko hoza meM lAne ke lie mahala kI kursiyA~ Adi tor3A DAlA aura kahane lagA ki yaha rAjA kI karatUta hai| jaba isakI sUcanA rAjA ko milI to vaha gusse se lAla ho gayA aura maMtrI ko mRtyudaNDa kA Adeza de diyaa| kisI prakAra dUsare adhikArI usako chupA diye aura usakI jAna baca gii| isI prakAra candragupta jaba pATaliputra ke rAjya para abhiSikta huA to katipaya kSatriya loga use mayUrapoSakoM kI santAna samajhakara usakI avahelanA karane lge| isa para krodhita hokara usane kSatriyoM ke gA~voM meM Aga lagavA dii|5 koI vaidya kisI rAjaputra ko niroga na kara sakA ataeva use bhI apane jAna gavAne pdd'e|6 ___ corI kA patA lagAne ke lie vividha upAyoM ko kAma meM liyA jaataa| sAdhu do prakAra ke cAvala bAMTate- eka khAlisa cAvala aura dUsare morapaMkha mizrita caavl| koI sAdhu saba gRhasthoM ko eka paMkti meM baiThAkara unakI aMjali meM pAnI ddaaltaa| phira jisa sAdhu ne cora ko corI karate hue dekhA hai use khAlisa cAvala detA, aura jisane corI kI hai use morapaMkha mizrita cAvala detaa|7

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rAjanaitika jIvana kitanI hI bAra jaina sAdhuoM ko bhI daNDa kA bhAgI honA pdd'taa| yadi unheM kabhI koI vRkSa ke phala Adi tor3ate hue dekha letA to hAtha, pA~va yA DaNDe Adi se unakI toDanA kI jAtI, athavA unake upakaraNa chIna liye jAte, yA unheM pakar3akara rAjakula ke kAraNikoM ke pAsa le jAyA jAtA, aura aparAdha siddha ho jAne para ghoSaNApUrvaka unake hAtha-paira Adi kA chedana kara daNDa diyA jaataa|48 ___ abhilekhIya tathA sAhityika sAkSya se patA calatA hai ki paMcakala kA nirvAcana rAjA dvArA kiyA jAtA thA jo gA~va tathA nagara ke mukadamoM kI nyAyika jA~ca kara rAjA, maMtrI tathA anya adhikAriyoM ke parAmarza se nirNaya bhI dete the| harSacaritra meM bhI ullekha hai ki pratyeka gA~va meM paMcakula pA~ca adhikArI gA~va ke karaNa yA kAryAlaya ke vyavahAra (nyAya aura rAjakAja) calAte the|50 senA rAjya ke aMdara zAMti sthApanA ke lie aura vAhya AkramaNa se rAjya kI surakSA ke lie senA kA gaThana atyanta Avazyaka hotA thaa| sainya bala ko daNDa kahA gayA hai|51 senApati ko daNDanAyaka kahA gayA hai|52 rAjA apane sAmrAjya ko vistRta karane ke lie prAyaH yuddha kiyA karate the| yuddha striyoM ke kAraNa bhI lar3e jAte the| jaina AcArya kAlaka kI sAdhvI bhaginI sarasvatI53 ko ujjaiyinI ke rAjA gardabhilla se apaharaNa karake apane antaHpura meM uThA le gayA jisase kAlakAcArya ne IrAna ke zAhoM ke sAtha milakara gardabhilla se yuddha kiyaa| yaha kahAnI bhASyakAra ke bhI samaya meM carcita pratIta hotI hai kyoMki Arya kAlaka kA prastuta grantha meM eka jagaha ullekha AyA hai|54 ujjayinI ke rAjA pradyota aura kAMpilyapura ke rAjya durmukha ke bIca eka bahumUlya dIptivAna mukuTa ke lie yuddha chir3a gayA kyoMki isa mukuTa meM aisI zakti thI ki use pahanane se durmukha do muMha vAlA dikhAI dene lagatA thaa| pradyota ne isa mukuTa kI mA~ga kI, lekina durmukha ne kahA ki yadi pradyota apanA nalagiri hAthI, agnibhIruratha zivAmahArAnI aura lohajaMgha patravAhaka dene ko teyAra ho to vaha use mukuTa de sakatA hai| isI bAta ko lekara donoM meM yuddha huaa|55 senA meM cAra prakAra ke bala zAmila hote the- ratha, gaja, azva aura pdaati| paraMparAgata caturaMgiNI senA ke chiTapuTa ullekha prastuta graMtha bhI prApta hote haiN|

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88 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana rathasenA ati prAcInakAla meM yuddha meM rathasenA kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI thii| lekina aisA pratIta hotA hai ki samasAmayika kAla meM isakA mahattva ghaTa gayA thA kyoMki bRhatkalpabhASya meM isakI koI bhI carcA nahIM hai / anya jaina graMthoM meM isake saMbaMdha meM kucha sUcanAe~ avazya pAyI jAtI haiN| unameM batAyA gayA hai ki yaha chatra, dhvaja, patAkA, ghaTA, toraNa, naMdighoSa aura choTI-choTI ghaMTikAoM se susajjita hotA thaa| isakI racanA himAlaya meM utpanna tinisa kI lakar3I se kI jAtI thii| usake cakke majabUta hote the, usameM uttama nasla ke ghor3e jote jAte the aura use yogya sArathI hA~katA thaa| usake do prakAra bhI batalAye gaye haiM- saMgrAmaratha (yuddharatha) aura yAnaratha (sAmAnya ratha) / 55 yAna ratha kA ullekha bRhatkalpabhASya meM bhI huA kyoMki yAra meM hI jina pratimA rakhakara ujjainI kA maurya samrATa saMprati rathayAtrA kA utsava bar3I dhUma-dhAma se manAtA thA / 57 gajasenA senAoM meM gajasenA ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta thaa| jainAgama grantha sthAnAMgasUtra meM mRga, bhadra aura saMkIrNa Adi hAthI ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiN| inameM madra hAthI ko sarvottama mAnA gayA hai / 58 madhu-guTikA kI bhA~ti piMgala netra vAlA, sundara evaM dIrgha pU~cha vAlA, agra bhAga meM unnata tathA sarvAMga paripUrNa hotA hai| yaha sarovara meM krIr3A karatA hai tathA dA~toM se prahAra karatA hai / 59 bRhatkalpabhASyadeg meM sarovara meM snAna karane vAle hAthI kA ullekha hai jo snAna ke bAda apanI pITha para dhUla DAlatA thaa| bRhatkalpabhASya ke anusAra hAthiyoM ko prazikSaNa dene ke lie unako apane sUr3a se kramazaH kASTha, choTe- patthara, golI, bera aura antataH sarasoM uThAne kA abhyAsa karAyA jAtA thA / 61 hAthiyoM se sambandhita anya jAnakArI dUsare jaina granthoM meM surakSita hai / unako prazikSaNa dene vAle damaga unheM vaza meM karate; merU, hare ganne, TahanI (yavasa) Adi khilAkara unheM savArI ke kAma meM lete aura Aroha yuddhakAla meM una para savArI karate the / 12 kauzAmbI kA rAjA udayana apane madhura saMgIta dvArA hAthiyoM ko vaza meM karane kI kalA meM niSNAta mAnA jAtA thA / 63 mUladeva ne bhI eka vINA bajAkara eka hathinI ko vaza meM kara liyA thA / 14 mahAvata (mahAmAtra; hatthivAusa) hastizAlA ( jaDDazAlA ) 65 kI dekhabhAla karate / aMkuza6 kI sahAyatA se ve hAthI ko vaza meM rakhate, tathA zUla (uccUla), , vaijayantI (dhvajA), mAlA aura vividha alaMkAroM se unheM vibhUSita karate the| hAthiyoM kI

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rAjanaitika jIvana 89 pITha para ambArI (gilli)67 rakkhI jAtI, jisa para baiThA huA manuSya dikhAI na par3atA thaa| unheM stambha (AlANa) meM bA~dhA jAtA aura unake pA~voM meM moTemoTe rasse par3e rahate the|68 hAthiyoM kI aneka jAtiyA~ hotI thiiN| gaMdhahasti ko sarvottama batAyA gayA hai aura vaha hAthiyoM ke jhuMDa kA pramukha hotA thA tathA guphA meM bhI gira jAne para uTha jAtA thaa| zramaNa saMgha ke AcArya kI tulanA gaMdhahastI se kI gaI hai| taM vayaNaM hiya madhuraM, AsAsaMkurasamubbhavaM sayaNo / samaNavaragaMdhahatthI, bei gilANaM parivahaMto / / 69 mahAvata ko miMTha kahA gayA hai aura usakI gaNanA dussIloM meM kI gaI hai|70 azvasenA ___hAthiyoM kI bhA~ti ghor3oM kA bhI bahuta mahattva thaa| ve teja daur3ate, zatrusenA para pahale se hI AkramaNa kara dete, zatru kI senA meM ghusakara use vicalita kara dete, apanI senA ko tasallI dete, aura zatru dvArA pakar3e hue apane yoddhAoM ko chur3Ate, zatru ke koSa aura rAjakumAra kA apaharaNa karate, jinake ghor3e mara gaye haiM aise sainikoM kA pIchA karate tathA bhAgI huI zatru senA ke pIche bhAgate the| vasudevahiNDI 2 meM kahA gayA hai ki sAmAnya avasthA meM ghur3asavAra sainika ke hAtha meM kor3A hotA thA lekina yuddhakAla meM kor3e ke sthAna para vaha talavAra grahaNa karatA thaa| ghor3e kaI kisma ke hote aura ve vividha dezoM se lAye jAte the| kaMboja deza ke 'AkIrNa' aura 'kanthaka' ghor3e prasiddha the| AkIrNa3 U~cI nasla ke hote, tathA kanthaka patthara Adi kI AvAja se nahIM Darate the|74 cAlIka deza meM pAye jAne vAle U~cI nasla ke ghor3e azva kahe jAte, inakA zarIra mUtra Adi se lipta nahIM hotA thaa| bRhatkalpabhASya meM vaTTakkhura (vRttakhura) vAle ghor3oM ko uttama kahA gayA hai|76 prativarSa vyAne vAlI ghor3iyoM ko 'thAiNi' kahA jAtA thaa| ghor3oM ko pAlane va zikSita karane vAle ko damaa kahA gayA hai| padAti senA prAcIna bhArata meM paidala sainika senA ke pramukha aMga the| prAcIna jaina granthoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki cauthI zatAbdI I. pU. se lekara 12vIM zatI I. ke anta

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90 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana taka paidala sainikoM kI adhikatA banI rhii| yadyapi jaina granthoM meM paidala senA ko senA ke varIyatA krama meM caturtha sthAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai tathApi isake mahattva ko nakArA nahIM gayA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM ina sainikoM ko cArabhaDa kahA gayA hai|8 ve vibhinna astra-zastra se susajjita aura raNakauzala meM pravINa hote rahe hoMge lekina isa saMbaMdha meM hameM koI sUcanA nahIM milatI hai| yuddha usa samaya bhI avazyambhAvI hotA thaa| isIlie nagara yA durga kI surakSA ke lie usake cAroM tarapha majabUta prakAra evaM khATa kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thaa|79 saMgrAma yAnI raNabhUmi meM bheriyoM kI AvAja se yoddhAoM ko protsAhana milatA thaa| bRhatkalpabhASya meM vAsudevazrIkRSNa kI kaumudikI, saMgrAmikI, durbhUtikA aura azivopazAminI nAma kI cAra bheriyoM kA ullekha huA hai| cU~ki yuddha se avyavasthA phaila jAtI hai ataH jaina sAdhuoM ko senA ke skandhAvAra ko dUra se hI dekhakara anyatra gamana kara jAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai|81 rAjasva vyavasthA bRhatkalpabhASya ke anusAra artha yAnI koza ke naSTa ho jAne se rAjA bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai|82 AvazyakacUrNi meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jisa rAjA kA koza kSINa ho jAtA hai usakA rAjya naSTa ho jAtA hai|83 nizIthacUrNi meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo rAjA artha utpatti ke sAdhanoM kA saMrakSaNa nahIM karatA, dhanAbhAva ke kAraNa usakA koza kSINa ho jAtA hai arthAt vaha rAjA naSTa ho jAtA hai|84 kara-vyavasthA lagAna aura kara ke dvArA rAjya kA kharca calatA thaa| vyavahArabhASya meM sAdhAraNatayA paidAvAra ke dasaveM hisse ko kAnUnI Taiksa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kheta aura gAya Adi ke atirikta pratyeka ghara se bhI Taiksa vasUla kiyA jAtA thaa| rAjagRha meM kisI vaNik ne pakkI IToM kA ghara banavAyA, lekina gRhanirmANa pUrA hote hI vaNik kI mRtyu ho gyii| vaNik ke putra bar3I muzkila se apanI AjIvikA calA pAte the| lekina niyamAnusAra unheM rAjA ko eka rupayA kara denA Avazyaka thaa| aisI hAlata meM kara dene ke bhaya se ve apane ghara ke pAsa eka jhopar3I banAkara rahane lage, apanA ghara unhoMne jaina zramaNoM ko rahane ke lie de diyA thaa| jainasUtroM meM aThAraha prakAra ke karoM kA ullekha milatA hai- gokara (gAya becakara diyA jAne vAlA kara), mahiSakara, uSTrakara, pazukara, chagalI kara (bakarA),

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rAjanaitika jIvana 91 tRNakara, palAlakara (puvAla), busakara (bhUsA), kASThakara, aMgArakara, sItAkara (hala para liyA jAne vAlA kara), uMbarakara (dehalI athavA pratyeka ghara se liyA jAne vAlA kara), jaMghakara (athavA jaMgAkara - cArAgAha para liyA jAne vAlA kara), alIvardakara (baila), ghaTakara, carmakara, cullagakara (bhojana) aura apanI icchA se diyA jAne vAlA kara thaa|86 ye kara gA~voM meM hI vasUla kiye jAte the,87 nagara (na:kara) inase mukta rahate the| kara vasUla karane vAle karmacAriyoM ke sambandha meM bRhatkalpabhASya meM koI sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai|88 rAjya kara kI ugAhI rAjA ko kara na denA aparAdha thaa| bRhatkalpabhASya meM ullekha hai ki sopAraka nagara ke nigamoM para rAjA dvArA lagAye gaye kara ko na dene se kruddha rAjA ne unheM mAra DAlane kA daNDa diyA thaa| vyApAra kara bRhatkalpabhASya se jJAta hotA hai ki vastu ke kraya-vikraya ke bhAva, mArga vyaya, yAnavAhanoM kA vyaya aura vyApArI ke bharaNa-poSaNa ke lie paryApta dhana chor3akara kara lagAyA jAtA thaa| kauTilya ke arthazAstra se jJAta hotA hai ki taulakara bikane vAlI vastuoM para 1/20 ginakara becI jAne vAlI vastuoM para 1/11 aura nApakara becI jAne vAlI vastuoM para 1/16 zulka lagatA thaa|91 isa prakAra yaha grantha tatkAlIna rAjanItika paristhitiyoM- jisameM rAjAoM ke adhikAra aura unake kartavya, zAsanavyavasthA deza evaM rAjya kI surakSA tathA rAjasva prApti ke upAyoM kA yathAsthAna varNana kiyA gayA hai| sandarbha 1. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2759-64 2. vahI, gA. 940 3. mahAbhArata, 3.13.7 4. bR.ka.sU.bhA., 4962-64, tathA vyavahAra bhASya, 1552, jagadIza candra jaina, jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 47 bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3760-71; tulanA kiijie| sAnuvAda vyavahArabhASya, saMpA. muni dulaharAja jai.vi.bhA., 2004, 1895-96, pR. 40

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92 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 6. vyavahArabhASya, 4.168-69 7. jagadIzacandra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 50 8. sAnuvAda vyavahArabhASya, 3748 9. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 5153, dekheM kathA pariziSTa, 117-118 10. arthazAstra, anuvAdaka- sAmazAstrI, maisUra, 1908, pR. 40 11. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 5144 12. vahI, gA. 5138, 5167 13. vahI, gA. 5167 14. madhu sena, e kalcarala sTaDI oNpha dI nizIthacUrNi, pR. 38 15. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 991 aura usake Age 16. vahI, gA. 5923 17. vahI, gA. 3275 18. somadeva, nItivAkyAmRta, mANikacaMda digaMbara jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI, 1979, pR. 128 19. madhu sena, e kalcarala sTaDI oNpha nizIthacUrNi, pR. 39 20. bRhatkalpabhASya, pIThikA gA. 378-383 21. vahI, gA. 1776 22. vahI, gA. 1096 aura Age 23. vahI, gA. 1103-1108 24. uttarAdhyayanaTIkA 3, pR. 57 25. jagadIzacandra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 116 26. nizIthabhASya 13.4401-2 27. anuyogadvAra TIkA, sUtra, 19, pR. 21 28. vahI, gA. 1100 . 29. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2199 30. vahI, gA. 4458 aura isakI vRtti 31. vahI, gA. 2803 32. vahI, gA. 2281

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rAjanaitika jIvana 33. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2655; vyavahArabhASya, 7.443 34. vasudevahiNDI, 1.295 35. nyAyakartA ke sambandha meM mRcchakaTika 9, pR. 256 meM kahA hai zAstrajJaH kapaTAnusAra kuzalo..... rAjJazca kopApaTTaH zAstrajJaH kapaTAnusArakuzalo vaktA na ca krodhanastulyo mitraparasvakeSu caritaMdRSTavaiva dttottrH| klIbAnpAlayitA zaThAnvyathayitA dho na lobhAnvito, dvArbhAve paratatvavaddhahRdayo rAjJazca kopaapttttH|| 36. manusmRti, 8.4-7.1 37. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga-5, gA. 4923-25 38. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga-4, gA. 3903 Adi aura bhAga-6, gA. 6275 bauddha jAtakoM meM aise coroM kA ullekha hai jo corI kA dhana garIboM meM bA~Ta dete aura logoM kA karja cukA dete| pesanaka (preSaNaka saMdezA bhejane vAle) caura pitA-putra donoM ko bandI banAkara rakhate, tathA pitA se dhana prApta hone ke pazcAt hI putra ko chor3a dete (pAnIya jAtaka 459, pR. 315) / udyAna-poSaka cora zrAvastI ke udyAna meM ghUmatephirate the| udyAna meM kisI sote hue vyakti ko dekhakara ve use Thokara maarte| yadi Thokara lagane para vaha soyA rahatA to ve use lUTa lete; divyAvadAna, pR. 175; mahAvagga 1.33.91,pR. 78 meM dhvajAvaddha coroM kA ullekha hai| tathA dekhie bI.sI. lAhA, iNDiyA DiskrAibDa ina arlI TaiksTsa oNva buddhijma eNDa jainijma, pR. 172 ityaadi| 39. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2775 40. vya. hA. bhA., pR. 71; nizIthacUrNi pIThikA,pR. 90 41. uttarAdhyayanacUrNi pR. 174 42. ni. bhA., 2.1335 43. puruSavadha ke lie talavAra uThAne para 80 hajAra rupaye jurmAnA kiyA jAtA, prahAra karane para mRtyu na ho to bhinna-bhinna dezoM kI prathA ke anusAra jurmAnA denA par3atA, tathA yadi mRtyu ho jAya to bhI hatyAre ko bhI assI hajAra rupayoM kA daNDa bharanA par3atA; -bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 5104 44. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 6244-49 45. vahI, gA. 2489; tathA ni. bhA., 16.5139 kI cUrNi

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94 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 46. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3259-3260 47. jagadIza candra jaina, bhA.sA. meM bhA.sa. 48. vahI, gA. 900, 904-5 49. altekara, prAcIna bhAratIya zAsana paddhati, bhAratIya bhaNDAra, lIDara presa, ilAhAbAda, 1959, pR. 178 50. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, harSacarita eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, bihAra rASTra bhASApariSad, paTanA, 1953 51. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 6244 / kauTilya ne bhI senA ko daNDa hI kahA hai- arthshaastr| 52. vahI, gA. 6244 kI vRtti| 53. madhu sena, e kalcarala sTaDI oNpha nizItha cUrNi, pR. 47 54. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 5593 55. vahI, gA. 6328 56. uttarAdhyayana 9, pR. 135 57. jagadIza candra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 95 58. sthAnAMgasUtra, 4.236 59. bRhatkalpabhASya, 1147 60. vahI, 1147 61. vahI, 231 62. ni.cU., 9.23-25 tathA cuurnnii| 63. AvazyakacUrNi, 2, pR. 161 64. uttarAdhyayana TIkA 3, pR. 60 65. vyavahArabhASya, 10484 66. dazavaikAlika, 2.10; u. dhya. TI. 4, pR. 85 67. aupapAtika, 30, pR. 117 68. rAjapraznIya, 3, pR. 17 69. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2010 70. vahI, gA. 2016 71. arthazAstra, 10.4.153-154.14

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rAjanaitika jIvana 72. vasudevahiNDI, pra. kha. 285 73. jJAtAdharmakathA kI TIkA meM AkIrNa ghor3oM ko 'samudramadhyavartI' batAyA hai| 74. uttarAdhyayana 11.16 aura ttii.| sthAnAMga (4.327) meM kanthaka ghor3oM ke cAra bheda haiN| 75. jambUdvIpaprajJaptiTIkA, 2, pR. 110-a; u. dhya. TI. 3, pR. 57 a; tathA dekhie rAmAyaNa 1.628 76. bR.ka.bhA., 3747 77. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2066 78. vahI, gA. 3959 79. vahI, gA. 1123 80. uttarAdhyayana, gA. 356 81. bR.ka.sU.bhA., gA. 559 82. vahI, gA. 940 va usakI vRtti 'parihINakozasya ca vinaSTameva raajym|' 83. Ava. cU. 2.200 84. atthuppattihetavo jo te dUseMtasma atthuppattINa bhavati, atyAmAve kosavihaNo rAyA viNassati; -ni.cU., 3.480 85. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 4770 va isakI vRtti; piNDaniyukti TIkA, 87, pR. 32 a meM pratyeka ghara se prativarSa do dramma lie jAne kA ullekha hai| 86. Ava.niryu. 1078 Adi, haribhadra TI. tathA dekhie malayagiri kI TI. bhI 1083 4, pR.5961 kauTilya ke arthazAstra 2.6.24.2 meM bAIsa prakAra ke rAjakara batAye gaye hai| bRhatkalpabhASya, kI vRtti meM bhI 18 prakAra ke karoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai-bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga-2, gA. 1088 87. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 1088 88. natthettha karo nagaraM (bra.ka.bhA., bhAga-2, gA. 1089); abhayadeva, vyA. pra. TI., 3.6, pR. 106) becaradAsa anuvaad)| abhayadeva ne grAma kA nimnalikhita lakSaNa kiyA hai- grasati buddhayAdIn guNAn iti graamH| yadi vA gamyaH zAstraprasiddhAnAM assttaadshkraannaam| 89. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2506-7 90. saMkAdIpaparisuddhe, sailAme kuNai paNio vida -bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga-2, gA. 952 91. kauTilya arthazAstra, 2.6.24

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dhArmika jIvana 97 prastuta grantha meM bhI huA hai| kahA gayA hai ki jaba jyeSTha bhrAtA ne yazobhadrA ke pati ke Upara AkramaNa kara diyA taba vaha zrAvastI ke jaMgala kI ora prasthAna kara gaI aura vahIM jainasaMgha meM pravrajita ho gaI / 2 udArIkaraNa ke bAvajUda kucha logoM ko jainasaMgha meM zAmila kiye jAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| paMDaka, klIva aura vAtija isI prakAra ke loga the jinheM pravrajyA ke lie ayogya batalAyA gayA hai| paMDaka ke chaha lakSaNoM kI gaNanA bhI kI gaI hai - mahilA svabhAva, svarabheda, varNa-bheda, mahanbheda (pralamba aMgAdAna), mRduvAk aura sazabda aura aphenaka muutr| paMDaka ke do bheda batalAye gaye haiMdUSita paMDaka aura upaghAta paMDaka / dUSita paMDaka ke punaH do bheda batalAye gaye haiMAsikta aura upsikt| upaghAta paMDaka ke bhI do bheda kiye gaye haiM- vedopaghAtapaMDaka aura upakaraNopaghAta paMDaka / klIva ke bAre meM batalAyA gayA hai ki jise maithuna ke vicAra mAtra se aMgAdAna meM vikAra utpanna ho jAya aura bIjabindu girane laga jAya vaha klIva hai / vAtija use kahA gayA hai jisakI mana:sthiti ThIka nahIM hotI hai| bRhatkalpasUtra meM paMDaka Adi ko apavAda svarUpa dIkSA dene kA bhI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, parantu unake rahana-sahana Adi kI vizeSa vyavasthA karane kI hidAyata dI gayI hai| isa grantha meM paMDaka, klIva aura vAtija ko na kevala pravrajyA ke lie ayogya ThaharAyA gayA hai apitu unheM muMDana, zikSA, upasthApanA, sahabhojana, sahavAsa Adi ke lie bhI anupayukta batalAyA gayA hai| (bR.ka.sU.bhA. 51385167) isI prakAra duSTa, mUr3ha aura vyudgrAhita (viparIta bodha meM dRr3ha) pravrajyA ke lie anadhikArI mAne gaye haiM aura aduSTa, amUr3ha aura avyudgrAhita pravrajyA, upadeza Adi ke lie ayogya mAne gaye haiN| sammatte va ajoggA, kimu dikkhaNa-vAyaNAsu duTThAdI / dussannappAraMbho, mA moha parissamo ho / sthAnAMgasUtra meM to aise bIsa kAraNoM kA ullekha hai jisake AdhAra para kisI strI yA puruSa ko saMgha meM praveza se manA kiyA jA sakatA thaa|' ina bIsa kAraNoM meM garbhiNI ko bhI zAmila kara use dIkSA se vaMcita kara diyA gayA hai| lekina aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhASyakAra ke samaya meM jainasaMgha ke prati logoM kA AkarSaNa bar3hAne ke lie aura jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie paristhitijanya chUTa diye gaye aura apavAdoM kA vidhAna kiyA gyaa| kezI eka aisA hI bAlaka thA jo bhikSuNI ke garbha se utpanna huA thaa|

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dhArmika jIvana prastuta grantha meM bhI huA hai| kahA gayA hai ki jaba jyeSTha bhrAtA ne yazobhadrA ke pati ke Upara AkramaNa kara diyA taba vaha zrAvastI ke jaMgala kI ora prasthAna kara gaI aura vahIM jainasaMgha meM pravrajita ho gii| udArIkaraNa ke bAvajUda kucha logoM ko jainasaMgha meM zAmila kiye jAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| paMDaka, klIva aura vAtija isI prakAra ke loga the jinheM pravrajyA ke lie ayogya batalAyA gayA hai| paMDaka ke chaha lakSaNoM kI gaNanA bhI kI gaI hai- mahilA svabhAva, svarabheda, varNa-bheda, mahanbheda (pralamba aMgAdAna), mRduvAk aura sazabda aura aphenaka muutr| paMDaka ke do bheda batalAye gaye haiMdUSita paMDaka aura upaghAta pNddk'| dUSita paMDaka ke punaH do bheda batalAye gaye haiMAsikta aura upsikt| upaghAta paMDaka ke bhI do bheda kiye gaye haiM- vedopaghAtapaMDaka aura upakaraNopaghAta pNddk| klIva ke bAre meM batalAyA gayA hai ki jise maithuna ke vicAra mAtra se aMgAdAna meM vikAra utpanna ho jAya aura bIjabindu girane laga jAya vaha klIva hai| vAtija use kahA gayA hai jisakI manaHsthiti ThIka nahIM hotI hai| bRhatkalpasUtra meM paMDaka Adi ko apavAda svarUpa dIkSA dene kA bhI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, parantu unake rahana-sahana Adi kI vizeSa vyavasthA karane kI hidAyata dI gayI hai| isa grantha meM paMDaka, klIva aura vAtija ko na kevala pravrajyA ke lie ayogya ThaharAyA gayA hai apitu unheM muMDana, zikSA, upasthApanA, sahabhojana, sahavAsa Adi ke lie bhI anupayukta batalAyA gayA hai| (bR.ka.sU.bhA. 51385167) isI prakAra duSTa, mUr3ha aura vyudgrAhita (viparIta bodha meM dRr3ha) pravrajyA ke lie anadhikArI mAne gaye haiM aura aduSTa, amUr3ha aura avyudgrAhita pravrajyA, upadeza Adi ke lie ayogya mAne gaye haiN| sammatte vi ajoggA, kimu dikkhaNa-vAyaNAsu duvAdI / dussannappAraMbho, mA moha parissamo hojjA / / ' sthAnAMgasUtra meM to aise bIsa kAraNoM kA ullekha hai jisake AdhAra para kisI strI yA puruSa ko saMgha meM praveza se manA kiyA jA sakatA thaa| ina bIsa kAraNoM meM garbhiNI ko bhI zAmila kara use dIkSA se vaMcita kara diyA gayA hai| lekina aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhASyakAra ke samaya meM jainasaMgha ke prati logoM kA AkarSaNa bar3hAne ke lie aura jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke lie paristhitijanya chUTa diye gaye aura apavAdoM kA vidhAna kiyA gyaa| kezI eka aisA hI bAlaka thA jo bhikSuNI ke garbha se utpanna huA thaa|

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98 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana caturthI aura aSTamI tithiyoM ko chor3a dIkSA-samAroha kisI bhI zubha-dina meM karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| yaha samAroha zAli athavA Ikha ke kheta, puSkariNI athavA zikharayukta caityagRha ke nikaTa manAye jAne caahie| dIkSA ke samaya sAdhu ko rajoharaNa, gocchaka aura pratigraha ye tIna prakAra ke upakaraNa aura tIna pUre vastra dhAraNa karane kA aura sAdhviyoM ko cAra pUre vastra aura sAdhuoM vaise hI tIna upakaraNa lene kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki rajoharaNa, gocchaka Adi yogya dukAnoM (kutrikApaNa) se kharIdI jAnI caahie| pravrajyA ke samaya dIkSArthI dvArA caitya, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura bhikSu kI aura dIkSArthinI dvArA pravartinI, abhiSekA yA upAdhyAyA, sthavirA aura bhikSuNI kI pUjA-satkAra karane kI vidhi kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| AhAra jaina bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke lie AhAra saMbaMdhI prAyaH samAna niyamoM kI vyavasthA thii| bRhatkalpasUtra meM ullekha hai ki jisa svAmI ke upAzraya (zayyAtara) meM raha rahe hoM, usake ghara se bhikSA grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| dUsare ke ghara kA AhAra bhI yadi zayyAtara ke yahA~ A jAya, taba bhI ve usake yahA~ se bhojana nahIM le skte| bhikSA-vRtti ke lie bhikSuNI ko akele jAnA niSiddha thaa| use do yA tIna bhikSuNiyoM ke sAtha jAne kA vidhAna kiyA gayA thaa| bhikSuNI ko viSama mArga tathA per3oM yA anAja ke DaNThaloM se yukta mArga para calane kA niSedha thaa| yadi varSA ho rahI ho, ghanA kuharA par3a rahA ho yA TiDDI Adi jIva-jantu idhara-udhara ghUma rahe hoM to aise samaya meM bhikSA vRtti ke lie jAne kA niSedha kira gayA thaa|11 jaina sAdhu yA sAdhvI ko dina meM kevala eka bAra bhojana karane kA vidhAna thaa| prathama prahara meM lAye huye bhojana ko aMtima prahara taka rakhanA niSiddha thaa| yaha nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki aise AhAra ko na to ve svayaM khAyeM aura na to kisI dUsare ko deM apitu kisI ekAnta sthAna meM usa AhAra kA parityAga kara deN|12 isI prakAra yadi zaMkAoM se yukta bhojana svIkAra kara liyA gayA ho to use na svayaM grahaNa karanA cAhie aura na kisI dUsare ko denA caahie| yadi koI anupasthApita ziSyA (aNuTThAviyae) ho to use diyA jA sakatA hai|13

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dhArmika jIvana bhikSA ke lie apane upAzraya se bahuta dUra jAne kA vidhAna nahIM thaa| 'bRhatkalpabhASya'14 ke anusAra bhikSuNI eka kosa sahita eka yojana kA avagraha karake raha sakatI thI arthAt 2.5 kosa jAnA aura 2.5 kosa lauTanA isa prakAra pA~ca kosa A-jA sakatI thii| vizeSa paristhitiyoM ko chor3a bhikSu aura bhikSuNiyoM ko tAr3a, nAriyala, laukI, kaitha, AMvalA aura Amra ke phaloM ko grahaNa karane kA niSedha thaa|15 unheM rAtri meM azana-pAna Adi grahaNa karanA akalpya thaa|6 isI taraha unheM parivAsita (rAtri meM rakhA huA) AhAra, Alepana, tela Adi bhI grahaNa na karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai|17 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM pulAka prakAra ke bhojana kA ullekha karate hue sAdhviyoM ko nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki jisa dina unheM isa prakAra kA bhArI evaM gariSTha bhojana prApta ho to ve gocarI ke lie dubArA na jaay|18 vastra 'bRhatkalpasUtra' meM jaina bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko nimna pA~ca prakAra ke vastroM ko dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna thaa|29 1. jAgika- bher3a Adi ke Una se nirmita vstr| 2. bhAMgika- alasI Adi ke chAla se nirmita vstr| 3. sAnaka- sana (jUTa) se nirmita vstr| 4. potaka- kapAsa se nirmita vstr| 5. tirITa (timira) vRkSa kI chAla se nirmita vstr| camar3e se nirmita vastra ko dhAraNa karanA cAhe vaha romayukta ho yA romahIna, bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM donoM ke lie niSiddha thaa|20 yadyapi kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM bhikSu ko isako dhAraNa karane kI anumati dI gayI hai|21 AcArAMga meM bhI bhikSuNiyoM ko camar3e kA vastra dhAraNa karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai|22 'bRhatkalpabhASyakAra ne bhikSuNiyoM ke lie niSedha kA kAraNa batAte hue kahA hai ki camar3e para baiThane se bhikSuNiyoM ke mana meM gRhastha-jIvana meM upayoga kI gayI komala-zayyA kI yAda A jAyegI, phalasvarUpa unameM AcArika zIthilatA kA A jAnA sambhava hai|23 'bRhatkalpasUtra'24 meM bhikSuNI ke guptAMga ko DhaMkane ke lie nimna do aura vastroM kA ullekha hai

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100 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana (1) uggahaNantagaM, (2) ugghpttttgN| 'bRhatkalpabhASya tathA oghaniyukti' bhikSuNI ke lie gyAraha vastroM5 kA vidhAna karate haiM jinameM chaH zarIra ke nicale hisse ko DhaMkane ke lie pahane jAte the| bhikSuNiyoM ke lie prathama samavasaraNakAla (arthAt ASAr3ha zuklA pUrNimA se kArtika zuklA pUrNimA taka) meM vastra grahaNa karanA varjita thaa| ve dvitIya samavasaraNakAla (arthAt mArga-zIrSa kRSNA pratipadA se ASAr3ha zuklA pUrNimA taka) meM hI vastra (yA anya upakaraNa) grahaNa kara sakatI thiiN|26 spaSTa hai ki bhikSubhikSuNiyoM ko varSAkAla meM vastra grahaNa karanA niSiddha thaa| bhikSuNI ko rAtri meM yA sandhyAkAla meM vastra kI gaveSaNA karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA, bhale hI vastra ko dhokara, raMgakara yA mulAyama banAkara rakhA gayA ho|27 bhikSuNI gRhasthoM se vastra prApta karane meM atyanta satarkatA kA pAlana karatI thii| vaha dAtA ke manobhAvoM kA sUkSmatA se adhyayana kara hI vastra grahaNa karatI thii| yadi koI gRhastha vastra dene kI icchA prakaTa kare, to bhikSuNI ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki vaha sAgarakRta karake hI vastra le (sAgarakaDaM gahAya) tathA pravartinI kI anumati milane para hI use upayoga meM lAye28 arthAt yadi gRhasvAmI vastra-pAtra de to sAdhvI ko yaha kahakara lenA cAhie ki AcArya ise rakheMge athavA mujhe yA anya sAdhvI ko deMge to rakhA jAyegA anyathA ye vastrapAtra lauTA diye jaayeNge| bhASyakAra ke anusAra sAdhvI kisI bhI gRhastha se svayaM vastra na le, apitu usake vastra kI AvazyakatA kI pUrti AcArya, upAdhyAya athavA pravartinI kreN| ve svayaM gRhastha ke yahA~ se vastra lAyeM aura samyak parIkSA ke pazcAt sAdhvI ko upayoga karane ke lie deN|29 nirgrantha-nirgranthiyoM ko vastra kI cilimilikA-paradA rakhane aura usakA prayoga karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai|30 cilimilikA ke svarUpa varNana ke lie bhASyakAroM ne use pA~ca prakAra ke batAye haiM- sUtramayI sUta se, rajjumayI rassI se, valkalamayI-chAla se, daNDakamayI zAlAkAoM se aura kaTakamayI cilamilikA bA~sa se banI hotI thii|31 / / zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko rAtri meM vastra grahaNa karane kA niSedha thaa| isI prakAra raMge hue kapar3e (kRtsnavastra)33 aura binA phAr3e hue vastra (abhinnavastra)34 tathA salomacarma35 grahaNa karanA niSiddha thaa| jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko vastroM ke atirikta nimna upakaraNoM ko bhI rakhane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai- pAtra, pAtrabaMdha, pAtrasthApana, pAtrakesarikA, mAtraka aura kmtthk|36 isake atirikta unheM sUI, nakhaharaNI, karNazodhanI, dantazodhanI Adi

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dhArmika jIvana 101 bhI rakhane kA vidhAna thaa|27 rajoharaNa ke pA~ca prakAra bhI batAye gaye haiM- aurNika (Una kA), auSTrika (U~Ta ke roma kA), sAnaka (sana kA), vaccakAcippaka (per3a kI chAla kA) aura muMjacippaka (sarapata yA mUMja kaa)|38 upAzraya ghAsa Adi ke bane hue gharoM (upAzraya) meM jinameM manuSya acchI taraha khar3A ho sakatA ho, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke hemanta se grISma Rtu ke bIca rahane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isI taraha jina upAzrayoM kI u~cAI manuSya ke do hAtha se adhika ho unameM unake varSA Rtu meM Thaharane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai|39 varSAvAsa karane ke bAda zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko zeSa ATha mahIne grAma Adi meM vicaraNa karate hue rukane kI jagaha yAnI upAzraya khojanI par3atI thii| yadi grAma, nagara Adi durga ke andara aura bAhara ina do bhAgoM meM base hue hoM to andara aura bAhara milAkara eka kSetra meM do mAsa bhikSu raha sakate haiN| isI taraha kI sthitiyoM meM sAdhviyoM ko cAra mAha taka rahane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai|41 eka cahAradivArI aura eka dvAra vAle grAma, nagara Adi meM nirgrantha-nirgranthiyoM ko eka sAtha rahanA akalpya hai| 2 ataH zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko aneka cahAradivArI aura aneka dvAra vAle grAma, nagara Adi meM rahanA cAhie aura sAtha hI una sthAnoM meM rahanA cAhie jahA~ bhikSAbhUmi, sthaMDila bhUmi, vihAra bhUmi Adi bhinna hoN|43 zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko ghara ke andara athavA do gharoM ke bIca meM rahanA, sonA, baiThanA Adi bhI varjita hai|" ___'bRhatkalpasUtra' meM aise upAzraya meM bhikSuNI ko Thaharane kI anumati dI gayI hai, jisameM Ane jAne kA mArga gRhastha ke ghara ke madhya meM se hokara ho|5 isI prakAra bhikSuNI ke pratibaddhazayyA vAle upAzraya meM rahane kA vidhAna hai|6 pratibaddhazayyA vaha hai jisakI dIvAleM athavA usakA koI bhAga gRhastha ke makAna se jur3A ho| ina virodhI niyamoM kA samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki sAdhviyoM ko aise upAzraya meM Thaharane kA abhiprAya itanA hI hai ki yadi nirdoSa upAzraya na mile to sAdhvI usameM Thahara sakatI hai| aise upAzraya jinameM pitAmahI, mAtAmahI, buA, bahana, lar3akI Adi rahatI ho unameM bhI sAdhvI raha sakatI hai| kyoMki unake sAtha rahane meM bhikSuNiyoM kI saMyama virAdhanA kI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai|48 ApaNagRha, rathyAmukha, zRGgATaka, catuSka, catvara, aMtarApaNa Adi ke nikaTa bane huye upAzraya meM bhikSuNiyoM ke rahane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai kyoMki aise sArvajanika sthAnoM meM bane hue upAzrayoM meM rahane vAlI zramaNiyoM ke mana meM yuvaka, vezyAe~,

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102 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana rAjA Adi alaMkRta vyaktiyoM ko dekhane se aneka doSoM kA udbhava hotA hai| yadi kisI kAraNa se isa prakAra ke upAzraya meM rahanA hI par3e to usake lie AcArya ne vividha yAtanAoM kA vidhAna bhI kiyA hai|49 isI prakAra varSA Rtu ke cAra mahInoM ko chor3akara grAma, nagara, kheta, karbaTa, maDamba, Akara, droNamukha, nigama, rAjadhAnI, Azrama, niveza, saMbAdha, ghoSa, aMzikA aura puTabhedana meM eka mAha se adhika na rahane kA zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko nirdeza diyA gayA hai| zramaNiyoM ko binA dvAra ke khule upAzraya meM nahIM rahanA caahie| kabhI dvArayukta upAzraya aprApta ho to khule upAzraya meM paradA lagAkara rahane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai|5deg zramaNI ke bajAya koI anya vyakti upAzraya meM na ghusa jAe isake lie usake parIkSA karane kI vidhi, pratihArasAdhvI dvArA upAzraya ke dvAra kI rakSA, zayana sambandhI yatanAe~, rAtri ke samaya koI manuSya upAzraya meM ghusa jAe to use bAhara nikAlane kI vidhi, vihAra Adi ke samaya mArga meM Ane vAle gA~voM meM surakSita dvAra vAlA upAzraya na mile tathA anapekSita bhayaprada ghaTanA ghaTa jAe to taruNa aura vRddha sAdhviyoM ko kisa prakAra usakA sAmanA karanA cAhie, isakA nirdeza hai|51 sAdhu binA daravAje ke upAzraya meM raha sakate haiN| unheM upAzraya kA dvAra banda nahIM karanA cAhie kintu apavAdarUpa ve vaisA kara sakate haiN|52 zramaNiyoM ke lie ghaTImAtraka (ghar3A) rakhanA va usakA upayoga karanA vihita hai kintu zramaNoM ke lie ghaTImAtraka rakhanA athavA usakA upayoga karanA niSiddha hai| ghaTImAtraka rakhane se sAdhuoM ko doSa lagate haiN| apavAdarUpa meM unake lie ghaTImAtraka rakhanA varjita nahIM hai| zramaNa-zramaNiyA~ vizeSa kAraNoM se ghaTImAtraka rakhate haiM va usakA prayoga karate haiN| ghaTImAtraka pAsa na hone kI avasthA meM unheM vividha yAtanAoM kA sevana karanA par3atA hai|53 jisa upAzraya ke samIpa gRhastha rahate hoM vahA~ nirgranthiyoM kA nivAsa vihita hai|54 nirgranthoM ko nirgranthiyoM ke aura nirgranthiyoM ko nirgrantha ke upAzraya meM zayana, AhAra, vihAra, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, kAyotsarga Adi karanA varjita mAnA gayA hai| kisI kAraNa se eka-dUsare ke upAzraya meM praveza karane kA prasaMga upasthita hone para etadviSayaka AjJA vidhi aura kAraNoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai|55 sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko citrakarma vAle upAzraya meM na Thaharane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isa viSaya kA vivecana karate hue bhASyakAra ne nirdoSa aura sadoSa citrakarma

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dhArmika jIvana 103 kA svarUpa, AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi kI dRSTi se citrakarma vAle upAzraya meM rahane se lagane vAle doSa aura prAyazcitta, ApavAdika rUpa se citrakarmayukta (sacitra) upAzraya meM rahanA par3e to usake lie vividha yAtanAe~ Adi bAtoM kA spaSTIkaraNa bhI kiyA hai|56 zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko sAgArika ke sambandha vAle upAzrayoM,57 gRhapati nivAsa ke madhya sthita upAzrayoM aura jina upAzrayoM meM sacetana dhAnya bikhare hoM unameM tathA jahA~ kurAvikaTakuMbha, zItodakavikaTakuMbha, jyoti, dIpaka, piMDa, dugdha, navanIta Adi hoM9 unameM rahane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| dinacaryA uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM jaina bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM kI dinacaryA kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| dina aura rAta ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara unakA kAryakrama nizcita kiyA gayA thA aura usI ke anusAra unheM jIvana vyatIta karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| dina ke cAra bhAgoM meM prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dvitIya prahara meM dhyAna, tRtIya prahara meM bhikSA-gaveSaNA evaM bhojana aura caturtha prahara meM svAdhyAya karane kA vidhAna thaa| dina ke samAna rAtri ke bhI cAra vibhAga kiye gaye the rAtri ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dvitIya prahara meM dhyAna, tRtIya prahara meM zayana tathA caturtha prahara meM punaH svAdhyAya karane kA vidhAna thaa| isa prakAra dina-rAta kI caryA meM svAdhyAya para sabase adhika bala diyA gayA hai| upAzrayoM meM adhyayana kA kArya upAdhyAya evaM upAdhyAyA dvArA sampanna kiyA jAtA thaa| jaina sAdhviyoM kI zikSA upAdhyAyA dvArA sampanna kI jAtI thii| ve zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko Agama sAhitya, vyAkaraNa, hetuzAstra, darzanazAstra, nimittazAstra Adi kI zikSA dete the|61 adhyayana ko rocaka evaM bodhagamya banAne ke lie kathA-kahAniyoM, gItoM, gAthAoM Adi ke udAharaNa bhI prastuta kiye jAte the|62 kisI dArzanika viSaya para jaina zramaNoM evaM anya matAvambaliyoM se vAda-vivAda pratiyogitA bhI hotI thii|63 sAdhu ko adhyayana ke lie anyatIrthikoM ke gaNoM meM jAne kA ullekha hai jo punaH apane gaNa meM Akara vAdakuzala pariSadha kA samAyojana karatA hai tathA paratIrthikoM ko niruttara karatA hai|64 vihAra-yAtrA __ varSAkAla ke cAra mahIne chor3akara zeSa ATha mahInoM (grISma tathA hemanta Rtu meM) meM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko eka grAma se dUsare grAma meM (gAmANugAma) vicaraNa

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104 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa|65 'bRhatkalpasUtra' meM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko pUrva dizA meM aMga se magadha taka, dakSiNa dizA meM kauzAmbI taka, pazcima dizA meM sthUNa (sthAnezvara) taka uttara dizA meM kuNAla (zrAvastI) deza taka yAtrA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai|66 bhikSuNI ko yAtrA ke samaya grAma meM eka rAta tathA nagara meM pA~ca rAta taka nivAsa karane kA vidhAna hai|67 bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko yadyapi vairAjya, arAjaka tathA nRpahIna rAjyoM ke madhya se yAtrA karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, kintu kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM inameM yAtrA karane kI chUTa dI hai| jaise- (1) sAdhvI ke mAtA-pitA yadi dIkSA ke lie udyata hoM, (2) yadi usake mAtA-pitA zoka se vihvala hoM, to unheM sAntvanA pradAna karane ke lie (3) pratyAkhyAna (samAdhimaraNa) kI icchuka sAdhvI yadi apane guru ke pAsa AlocanA ke lie jAya, (4) zAstrArtha ke lie AhvAna karane para, (5) AcArya kA apaharaNa kara liye jAne para unake vimocana ke lie yAtrA karane kI chUTa dI gayI hai||68 isI prakAra ke anya kAraNoM ke upasthita hone para unako yadi ArAjaka rAjyoM se jAnA Avazyaka ho to unheM Avazyaka nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| ve sarvaprathama sImAvartI ArakSaka se isake lie anumati leM, usake niSedha karane para nagaraseTha se anumati leM tathA usake bhI niSedha karane para senApati se tathA anta meM svayaM rAjA se anumati lene kA prayatna kreN| inakI anumati prApta hone para hI aise rAjyoM ke madhya se yAtrA karane kA vidhAna thaa|69 'bRhatkalpabhASyakAra' ne vihAra yogya 25.5 Arya- dezoM ke nAma bhI ginAye haiM nAmaM ThavaNA davie, khette jAtI kule ya kamme y| bhAsAriya sippAriya, NANe taha daMsaNa caritte / / 70 magadha, aMga, baMga, kaliMga, kAzI, kauzala, kuru, sauryapura (kuzAta), pAMcAla (kaMpilla), jaMgala (ahicchalA), saurASTra, videha, vatsa (kauzAmbI), saMDibma (naMdIpura), malaya (bhaddilapura), vatsa (vairATa), accha (varaNa), dazArNa, cedI, sindhu-sauvIra, zUrasena, bhaMga (pAvA), kuNAla (zrAvastI), varta-mAsApurI purivaTTa (mAsa?), lATa (koTivarSa) tathA arddhakekayA

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dhArmika jIvana inhIM kSetroM meM sAdhu-sa -sAdhviyoM ko yAtrA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| isakA kAraNa yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ko ina kSetroM meM AhAra tathA upAzraya kI sulabhatA rahatI hai tathA yahA~ ke loga jaina AcAra-vicAra se paricita hote haiN| nirgrantha-nirgranthiyoM ko vairAjya arthAt viruddha rAjya meM punaH punaH gamanAgamana niSiddha thaa| yadi kisI janapada meM vyApAriyoM kA gamanAgamana rahatA to sAdhu ko bhI usa janapada meM karane kI anujJA thI anyathA viruddha rAjya hone se vahA~ gamanAgamana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / 72 105 bRhatkalpabhASya 3 meM nimna solaha prakAra kI vastiyoM evaM sthAnoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai 1. grAma - jahA~ rAjya kI ora se aTThAraha prakAra ke kara liye jAte hoM / 2. nagara- jahA~ aThAraha prakAra ke karoM meM se eka bhI prakAra kA kara na liyA jAtA ho / 2. kheta - jisake cAroM ora miTTI kI dIvAla ho / 4. karbaTa - jahA~ kama loga rahate hoM / 5. maDamba - jisake bAda DhAI kosa taka koI gA~va na ho / 6. pattana - jahA~ saba vastue~ upalabdha hoN| 7. Akara - jahA~ dhAtu kI khAne hoN| 8. droNamukha - jahA~ jala aura sthala ko milAne vAlA mArga ho, jahA~ samudrI mAla Akara utaratA ho / 9. nigama - jahA~ vyApAriyoM kI vasati ho / 10. rAjadhAnI - jahA~ rAjA ke rahane ke mahala Adi hoM / 11. Azrama - jahA~ tapasvI Adi rahate hoN| 12. niveza - jahA~ sArthavAha apane mAla utArate hoM / 13. sambAdha - jahA~ kRSaka rahate hoM athavA anya gA~va ke loga apane gA~va se dhana Adi kI rakSA ke nimitta parvata, guphA Adi meM Akara ruke hue hoN| 14. ghoSa - jahA~ gAya carAne vAle loga rahate hoM / 15. aMzikA - gA~va kA artha, tRtIya athavA caturtha bhAga / 16. puTabhedana - jahA~ dUra-dUra se paragA~va ke vyApArI apanI cIjeM becane Ate hoN|

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106 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko zAdI ke samaya athavA vikAla meM vastrAdi grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| rAtri meM vastrAdi grahaNa karane se lagane vAle doSa evaM prAyazcitta, isa niyama se sambandhita apavAda, gRha bhadra, saMyata, prAnta cora dvArA zramaNa aura zramaNI ina do meM se koI eka lUTa liyA gayA ho to paraspara vastra AdAna-pradAna karane kI vidhi, zramaNa-gRhastha, zramaNa-zramaNI, samanojJa-amanojJa athavA saMvignaasaMvigna ye donoM pakSa lUTa liye gaye hoM usa samaya eka dUsare ko vastra AdAnapradAna karane kI vidhi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|4 zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke lie rAtri meM athavA vikAla meM adhvagamana yAnI vihAra karanA niSiddha hai| apavAdarUpa se rAtrigamana kI chUTa dI gaI hai kintu usake lie adhvopayogI upakaraNoM kA saMgraha tathA yogya sArtha kA sahayoga Avazyaka hai|75 vihAra karate samaya mAMgakara lAyA huA zayyA saMstAraka svAmI ko sauMpakara hI vihAra karanA caahie|76 isake atirikta vihAra kA samaya, zubha-azubha zakunoM ko vicAra, nivAsayogya kSetra, mArga, pAnI, bhikSAcaryA, cora Adi kI bhI jA~ca kara lenI caahie| zIla sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke zIla ke sambandha meM batalAyA gayA hai ki savizuddha karmoM kA AcaraNa karate huye mRtyu kA AliMgana karanA ucita hai lekina apane zIlavrata se skhalita honA ucita nahIM hai| varaM praveSTuM jvalitaM hatAzana, na cApi bhagnaM cirasaMciMtaM vratam / varaM hi mRtyuH suvizuddhakarmaNo na cApi zIlaskhalitasya cIvitam / / 78 upAzraya meM bhikSuNiyoM ko kabhI akelA nahIM chor3A jAtA thaa| unheM akele AhAra, gocarI yA zauca ke lie jAnA bhI niSiddha thaa|79 bhASya meM bhikSuNiyoM ko dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle 11 vastroM kA ullekha hai| yAtrA ke samaya unheM sabhI vastroM ko dhAraNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| bhikSuNiyA~ apane prayoga ke lie DaNThala yukta dumbI tathA DaNDevAlA pAda-poMchana nahIM rakha sakatI thiiN| isI prakAra bhojana meM ve akhaNDa kelA nahIM le sakatI thiiN|82 upAzraya ke sambandha meM bhI aisI satarkatA rakhI jAtI thii| upayukta AvAsa pAne kA vaha hara sambhava prayatna karatI thI, parantu yadi upayukta AvAsa nahIM milatA thA to vivaza hokara use anya upAzrayoM meM rahanA par3atA thaa| isake lie vistRta niyamoM kA pratipAdana 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM milatA hai|83 saMgha ke niyamAnusAra akelI bhikSuNI ko akele

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dhArmika jIvana 107 puruSa se milanA niSiddha thA, isake nirAkaraNa hetu hI yaha niyama banAyA gayA thaa| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM durAcArI vyaktiyoM ke praveza ke sabhI prayatnoM ko viphala karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| isake atirikta bhikSu ko aise upAzraya yA zUnyagAroM meM bAhara se sAdhviyoM kI rakSA karane ko kahA gayA thaa| zIla ke naSTa hone kI sambhAvanA tabhI rahatI thI jaba sAdhvI ke sAtha koI sambhoga kara le| nizIthacUrNi meM sambhoga ke kAraNoM meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| brahmacarya ke khaNDita hone para sAdhu-sAdhvI ko kaThoratama daNDa dene kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| brahmacarya mahAvrata kA bhaMga cAhe vaha kisI paristhiti meM huA ho, binA prAyazcitta kiye usase chuTakArA nahIM mila sakatA thaa|6 'bRhatkalpabhASya'87 meM isa viSaya meM kucha udAra niyama milate haiN| yadi kisI sAdhvI ke apaharaNa hone para isakI sUcanA yathAzIghra AcArya ko dI jAya, yadi sAdhvI garbhavatI ho jAya to use saMgha se na nikAlA jAya balki doSI vyakti ko daNDa dilAne kA prayAsa kiyA jaay| garbha kI bAta na mAlUma hone para use zrAvaka ke yahA~ rakha diyA jaay| uparyukta uddharaNa se spaSTa hai ki usa samaya sAdhviyoM ke zIla bhaMga hone para bhI jainasaMgha meM unakI sammAnajanaka sthiti thii| 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM ullikhita hai ki bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke lie pApa karma na karanA hI vastutaH parama maMgala hai|8 pAvANaM jadakaraNaM, tadeva khalu maMgalaM prmN| bhikSu jIvana atyanta niyamita aura anuzAsanazIla thaa| mRtaka-saMskAra 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM bhikSuoM ke zava-saMskAra kA bhI ullekha haiN| mRtaka zarIra ko eka kapar3e se Dhaka diyA jAtA thA tathA majabUta bAMsoM kI paTTiyoM para zmazAna-sthala ko le jAyA jAtA thaa| zava ko DhaMkane ke liye sapheda kapar3oM kI tIna paTTiyA~ lagatI thIM- eka zava ke nIce bichAne ke lie, dUsarA zava ko Upara se DhaMkane ke lie tathA tIsarA bAMsa kI paTTiyoM se zava ko bA~dhane ke lie| malina yA raMgIna kapar3e se zava ko DhakanA niSiddha thaa| mRtyu ho jAne para zava ko turanta bAhara le jAne kA vidhAna thA,parantu yadi himavarSA ho rahI ho, cAroM ora jaMgalI jAnavaroM kA Dara ho, nagara-dvAra banda ho gayA ho, mRtaka atyanta vikhyAta ho, mRtyu ke pahale yadi usane mAsAdika upavAsa kiyA ho tathA rAjA apane sevakoM ke sAtha nagara meM A rahA ho to zava ko kucha samaya taka roka dene kA vidhAna thaa|9

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108 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana devI-devatA bhAratIyoM kA devI-devatAoM meM dRr3ha vizvAsa thA aura ve unake sammAna meM utsava manAte the| prastuta grantha meM bhI aneka devI-devatAoM ke utsavoM kA varNana milatA hai| indramaha vaidika graMthoM meM indra ko sarvopari mAnA gayA hai| vaha samasta devatAoM meM agraNI the| lekina indra ko parastrIgAmI bhI batAyA gayA hai| usameM ullekha hai ki eka bAra indra ne udanta RSi kI patnI ke sAtha duSkarma kiyA jisase RSi ne use zApa de diyA aura use brahmahatyA kA doSa lgaa|90 jaina granthoM meM bhI indra kA ullekha milatA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM hemapura meM indramaha manAye jAne kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| yahA~ indra-sthAna ke cAroM ora nagara kI pA~ca sau kula-bAlikAe~ ekatrita ho, apane saubhAgya ke lie puSpa aura dhUpa Adi se indra kI pUjA upAsanA karatI thiiN|91 harivaMza purANa meM 'indramaha' ke utsava ke rUpa meM indradhvaja ke pUjana kA ullekha hai| prAcIna utsavoM meM indramaha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa thaa|93 'rAjataraMgiNI' meM bhI indra ke utsava kA varNana hai|94 indra mahotsava ke samaya Amoda-pramoda meM unmatta rahane ke kAraNa jina sage-sambandhiyoM ko AmaMtrita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thA unheM bhI pratipadA ke dina bulAyA jAtA thaa|5 jJAtAdharmakathA, jIvAjIvAbhigama, nizIthasUtra aura arthazAstra meM indramaha ke atirikta skandamaha, nadImaha, taDAgamaha, parvatamaha (pavvayamaha) Adi kA bhI ullekha hai jo kramazaH ASAr3ha, Asoja, kArtika aura caitra kI pUrNimAoM ke dina manAyA jAtA thA tathA usa samaya loga khUba khAte-pIte aura nAcate gAte the|96 jaina granthoM meM indrotsava kA bhI ullekha milatA hai|97 . tIrthaMkara bhaktoM meM indra kA sarvottama sthAna mAnA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara ke garbha meM Ane se chahaH mAha pUrva hI ratnoM kI varSA, eka sahasra ATha kalazoM se stavana aura kevala jJAna ke utpanna hone para samavasaraNa kI racanA, indra kI tIrthaMkarabhakti ke jvalanta udAharaNa haiN|98 'indramahotsava' ke sambandha meM 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita'99 meM eka kathA kA ullekha milatA hai| eka bAra RSabhadeva ke putra bharata ne indradeva se pUchA ki kyA Apa svarga meM isI rUpa meM rahate haiM? indra ne uttara diyA ki vahA~ ke rUpa ko manuSya dekha hI nahIM sktaa| bharata ne dekhane kI icchA prakaTa kI, to indra

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dhArmika jIvana 109 ne alaMkAroM se suzobhita apanI eka aMgulI bharata ko de diyaa| vaha jagatarUpI maMdira ke lie dIpaka ke samAna thii| rAjA bharata ne ayodhyA meM usa aMgulI para jo mahotsava manAyA vaha 'indramahotsava' ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| isa kathA kA ullekha AvazyakacUrNi100 aura vasudevahiNDI01 meM bhI milatA hai| yakSamaha bRhatkalpabhASya meM anya devatAoM kI bhA~ti yakSa deva kI pUjA kA varNana milatA hai| kitanI hI bAra jaina sAdhu aura sAdhviyoM ko yakSa se aniSTa ho jAne para kisI mAMtrika Adi ke pAsa jAkara cikitsA karAnI par3atI thii|102 prazna karane para ghaMTika yakSa usakA uttara kAna meM cupake se phusaphusAtA thaa|03 kucha yakSa bahuta nIca prakRti ke hote the| bRhatkalpabhASya meM ullekha hai ki eka yakSa jaina sAdhuoM ko rAta meM khAnA khilAkara unakA vratabhaMga kara saMtuSTa hotA thaa|104 unakA nivAsa uttara aura pUrva dizA meM batalAyA gayA hai|105 yakSoM kI taraha yakSiNiyA~ (zAkiniyAM) bhI aniSTakArI hotI thiiN|206 ___ inakI sarvatra pUjA hotI thI aura unake sammAna meM utsava manAye jAte the| vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke anusAra bIra-brahma ke rUpa meM yakSa kI pUjA Adhunika kAla meM baMgAla se gujarAta taka aura himAlaya se kanyAkumArI taka pracalita hai|07 'nizIthacUrNi' meM ullekha hai ki yakSa prasanna hone para lAbha tathA aprasanna hone para hAni bhI pahu~cAte the|108 samilla nAmaka nagara ke vAhya udyAna meM sabhA se yukta eka devakulikA meM maNibhadra yakSa kA Ayatana thaa| eka bAra isa nagara meM zItalA kA prakopa hone para ve aSTamI Adi ke dina udyApanikA kie| kucha samaya bAda roga zAnta ho gyaa| devazarmA nAmaka eka brAhmaNa ko vetana dekara pUjA karane ke lie rakha diyA gayA aura vaha aSTamI Adi ke dina vahA~ kI yajJa-sabhA ko lIpa-potakara sApha rakhane lgaa|109 vyaMtaramaha bRhatkalpabhASya meM vyaMtara deva kI pUjA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai|110 nayA makAna banakara taiyAra hone para vyaMtarI kI pUjA kI jAtI thii|111 'nizIthacarNi meM vyaMtara deva kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jinheM, yajJa, guhyaka Adi kI zreNI meM ginA jAtA hai| aneka avasaroM para vyaMtara deva ko prasanna karane ke liye subaha,

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110 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana dopahara aura saMdhyA ke samaya paTaha bajAyA jAtA thaa|112 ___kabhI gRhapatnI ke apane pati dvArA apamAnita hone para, yA putravatI patnI dvArA sammAna prApta na karane para, athavA atizaya rogI rahane ke kAraNa, athavA kisI sAdhu se jhaMjhaTa ho jAne para zAnti ke lie vyaMtara kI pUjA kI jAtI thI aura vaha rAtri ke samaya jaina sAdhuoM ko bhojana karAne se tRpta hotA thaa|113 __kuNDalameNTha vyaMtara kI yAtrA bhRgukaccha ke AsapAsa ke pradeza meM kI jAtI thii| isa avasara para loga saMkhaDi manAte the|114 nayA makAna taiyAra ho jAne para bhI vyaMtaroM kI arAdhanA kI jAtI thii|115 RSipAla nAmaka vyaMtara ne RSitaDAga (isitaDAga)116 nAma kA eka tAlAba banavAyA thA jahA~ prativarSa ATha dina taka utsava manAyA jAtA thaa|117 jainasUtroM meM kinnara, pizAca, bhUta, yakSa, rAkSasa, mahoraga aura gandharva 18 ina ATha vyaMtara devoM ke ATha caitya vRkSoM kA ullekha hai- pizAca kA kadaMba, yakSa kA vaTa, bhUta kA tulasI, rAkSasa kA kAMDaka, kinnara kA azoka, kiMpuruSa kA campaka, mahoraga kA nAga aura gandharva kA teNduk|19 DAkiniyAM aura zAkiniyAM bhI upadrava macAtI rahatI thiiN| golla deza meM rivAja thA ki DAkinI ke bhaya se rogI ko bAhara nahIM nikAlA jAtA thaa|120 guhyakoM ke viSaya meM logoM kA vizvAsa thA ki ve kailAza parvata ke rahane vAle haiM, aura isa loka meM khAnoM ke rUpa meM nivAsa karate the|121 yadi kabhI kAlagata hone ke pazcAt jaina sAdhu vyaMtara deva se adhiSThita ho jAtA to usake mUtra ko bAyeM hAtha meM lekara usake mRta zarIra ko sIMcA jAtA aura guhyaka kA nAmoccAraNa kara use saMstAraka se na uThane kA anurodha kiyA jaataa|122 ___ 'jaina AgamoM ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ne caitya ko devapratimA yA vyaMtarAyatana ke artha meM prayukta kiyA hai|123 bhUtamaha prastuta graMtha se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya logoM kA bhUta-pretoM meM bahuta adhika vizvAsa thaa| unakA mAnanA thA ki bhUta dukAnoM se kharIde jA sakate haiN| ullekha hai ki eka bAra eka vaizya bhUta kharIda kara le aayaa| vaha use jo kAma batAtA, use vaha turanta kara ddaaltaa| Akhira meM taMga Akara vaizya eka khaMbhA gAr3a diyA aura usa para utarate-car3hate rahane ko khaa| isa bhUta ne bhar3auMca ke uttara meM 'bhUtataDAga' nAma kA eka tAlAba bnvaayaa|124

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dhArmika jIvana 111 skaMdamaha skaMdamaha Asoja kI pUrNimA ko manAyA jAtA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM skanda pUjA pracalita thii| mahAvIra jaba zrAvastI pahu~ce to alaMkAroM se vibhUSita skaMdapratimA kI savArI nikAlI jA rahI thii|125 brAhmaNoM kI paurANika kathA ke anusAra skaMda athavA kArtikeya mahAdeva jI ke putra aura yuddha ke devatA haiN| tAraka rAkSasa aura devatAoM ke yuddha meM skaMda senApati bane the| unakA vAhana 'mayUra' mAnA gayA hai|126 zivamaha bRhatkalpabhASya meM ziva kA ullekha milatA hai| kisI parvata ke nirjhara meM ziva kI pratimA vidyamAna thii| patra, puSpa Adi se usakI pUjA kI jAtI, usakA siMcana aura upalepana kiyA jAtA tathA hastimada se use snAna karAyA jAtA thaa| ziva kI kASTha pratimA kA ullekha bhI milatA hai|127 ina devatAoM ke atirikta hameM bRhatkalpabhASya meM tatkAlIna samAja meM pracalita kucha aise devatAoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| jinakI pUjA kalyANakArI rUpa meM kI jAtI thii| jo isa prakAra hai vana-devatA bRhatkalpabhASya meM 'vana devatA' kA ullekha milatA hai|128 haribhadra ne bhI anya devI-devatAoM ke sAtha 'vana-devatA' kI alaukika zakti kA varNana kiyA hai| jaMgala ke adhipati deva ko vana-devatA ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA thaa| vanadevatA ko jaMgala meM rahane vAle jIva-jantuoM kA kalyANa kara unakI vandanA kiye jAne kA ullekha hai|129 kula-devatA prastuta grantha meM ullekha hai ki jaba kabhI galagaMDa athavA mahAmArI se loga marane lagate, zatru ke sainika nagara ke cAroM ora gherA DAla dete, bhukhamarI phaila jAtI to puravAsI AcArya (pUjA-pATha karane vAle) ke pAsa jAte aura rakSA ke lie prArthanA krte| AcArya aziva Adi kI zAMti ke lie eka putalA banAte, tatpazcAt maMtrapATha dvArA usakA chedana kara kula deva ko prasanna karate the| isa prakAra kula-devatA kI zAMti para upadrava bhI zAMta ho jAtA thaa|130 pI.vI. kANe ke anusAra prAcIna kAla meM indra, yama, varuNa, brahma Adi ke sAtha gharelU devatA (kula devatA)

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112 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana ko prasanna karane ke liye bali (pakvAnna) Adi dI jAtI thii|131 kumArasambhava meM bhI pArvatI dvArA kula devatA ko praNAma karane kA ullekha hai|132 yajJa bRhatkalpabhASya meM yajJa-yAga kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| parantu eka jagaha narabali kA ullekha avazya huA hai| batAyA gayA hai ki kabhI kisI devatA ko prasanna karane ke lie Agantuka puruSa ko mAra DAlate aura vaha jahA~ mArA jAtA usa ghara ke Upara gIlI vRkSa kI zAkhA kA cihna banA diyA jAtA thaa|133 parva evaM utsava bRhatkalpabhASya meM aneka parva evaM utsavoM ke ullekha milate haiN| puSNamAsiNI (paurNamAsI) kA utsava kArtika pUrNimA ke dina manAyA jAtA thaa| ise kaumudI mahotsava bhI kahate the| utsava meM jAte samaya yadi kadAcit jaina zramaNoM ke darzana ho jAte the to use amaMgala hI samajhA jAtA thaa|134 thANuppAiya (sthAnotpAtika) nAmaka maha acAnaka kisI atithi ke A jAne para manAyA jAtA thaa|135 kheta meM hala calAte samaya sItA (halapaddhati devatA-hala se par3ane vAlI rekhAyeM) kI pUjA kI jAtI thii| isa avasara para bhAta Adi pakAkara yatiyoM ko diyA jAtA thaa|136 dhArmika utsavoM meM pajjosaNa (paryuSaNa) parva kA sabase adhika mahattva thaa| yaha parva pUrNimA, paMcamI aura dazamI Adi ke dina manAyA jAtA thaa|137 lekina isa parva kA prastuta grantha meM koI ullekha nahIM hai| jaina dharma ke mahAn poSaka maurya samrATa samprati ke samaya meM anuyAna (rathayAtrA) mahotsava bar3I dhUma dhAma se manAye jAne kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| isa avasara para rAjA svayaM apane bhaTa aura bhojikoM ko sAtha lekara ratha ke sAtha-sAtha calatA aura ratha para vividha vastra, phala aura kor3iyA car3hAtA thaa|138 / isake atirikta aneka gharelU tyohAra bhI manAye jAte the| eka aise hI utsava ko 'AvAha' kahA jAtA thaa| isameM vivAha ke pUrva tAMbUla Adi pradAna kiyA jAtA thaa|939 ataH bRhatkalpasUtrakAlIna dhArmika vyavasthA uttama thii| bhASyakAra ne jaina dharma ke atirikta usa samaya pracalita anya dharmoM, dhArmika kriyA-kalApoM, rItirivAjoM, zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke AcAragata aneka pahaluoM para vidhivata prakAza DAlA hai|

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dhArmika jIvana 113 sandarbha 1. sthAnAMgasUtra, saMpAdaka- madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1992, 10/15, pR. 694 2. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 5099 3. vahI, gA. 5138-96 4. vahI, gA. 5211-35 5. bR.ka.sU.bhA., gA. 5139 6. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 4137 7. jagadIzacandra jaina jai.A.sA. meM bhA.sa. pR. 386 8. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 4189-4215 9. bRhatkalpasUtra, saMpA. madhukara muni, 5/13 10. bR.ka.sU., saMpA. madhukara muni 5/16 11. dazavaikAlika 5/1/8 12. bR.ka.sU., saMpA. madhukara muni 5/8 13. vahI, 5/9 14. bRhatkalpasUtra, pR. 194 sUtra 3/34 15. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 852 16. vahI, gA. 2842 17. vahI, gA. 5997-6032 18. vahI, gA. 6048-6059 19. vahI, pIThikA gA. 29; bhAga-, gA. 3659-72 20. bRhatkalpabhASya, sampAdaka- madhukara muni 3/3 21. vahI, 3/4 22. AcArAMga, 2/5/1/5-6 23. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 3810-19 24. vahI, gA. 4082-84 25. avagrahAntaka (kacchA), paTTa (paTTA), ajhairuka, calanikA, antarnivasanI aura bahirnivasanI (chaha adhobhAga ke lie); kaMcuka, aupakakSikI, vaikakSikI, saMghATI

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114 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana aura skandhakaraNI (pA~ca Urdhva bhAga ko DhaMkane ke lie) -bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 4083-4099 o.ni. 313-320 26. aruNa pratApa siMha, jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1986, pR. 48 27. bRhatkalpabhASya, 1/45 28. vahI 1/42-43 29. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2804-35 30. vahI, gA. 2371-2382 31. jagadIza candra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 211 32. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2969 33. vahI, gA. 3805-78 34. vahI, gA. 3918 35. vahI, gA. 3805 36. vahI, gA. 4080-83 37. vahI, gA. 4096-98 38. vahI, gA. 3673-78 39. vahI, gA. 5665-81 40. vahI, gA. 2034-46 41. vahI, gA. 2106-08 42. vahI, gA. 2232-34 43. vahI, gA. 2288-89 44. vahI, gA. 4554 45. vahI, gA. 2630 46. vahI, gA. 1616 47. vahI, gA. 2616 vahI, gA. 2618-20 49. vahI, gA. 2297-2307 50. vahI, gA. 2327 51. vahI, gA. 2326-2352

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52. bRhatkalpabhASya gA. 2350 53. vahI, gA. 2362 - 2370 54. vahI, gA. 2616-2628 55. vahI, gA. 3679 - 3804 56. vahI, gA. 2426 - 2433 57. vahI, gA. 2449 58. vahI, gA. 2633 59. vahI, gA. 3240-49 60. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyayana 26 61. bRhatkalpabhASyasUtra, gA. 5179 63. vahI, gA. 5425-31 63. vahI, gA. 5425-31 64. vahI, gA. 5428 65. vahI, pIThikA gA. 38 66. vahI, pIThikA gA. 52 67. ka. sU., dhArmika jIvana 119 68. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 2784 69. vahI, gA. 2784-91 115 70. vahI, sampAdaka Agama manISI muni dulaharAja, jaina vizvabhAratI lADanU, 2007, bhAga - 1, gA. 3263, pRSTha 331 (TippNa) 79. vahI, gA. vahI vR. pR. 913 72. vahI, gA. 2763 73. vahI, gA. 1088- 1093 74. vahI, gA. 2970-2991 75. vahI, gA. 3038-3138 76. vahI, gA. 4598-4649 77. vahI, gA. 1447 78. vahI, gA. 4947

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116 79. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, pIThikA gA. 46-52 80. vahI, gA. 4119 89. vahI, pIThikA gA. 38-44 82. vahI, gA. 1 83. vahI, gA. 2331-52 84. vahI, gA. 2323 85. vahI, gA. 2324 86. mAlavaNiyA dalasukha, nizItha eka adhyayana, pR. 68 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 87. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 4128-39 89. vahI, gA. 814 89. vahI, gA. 5500-5552 90. vahI, gA. 1856 - 59, bhAga-1, pR. 191 TippNa, tulanA kIjie hApakinsa, 'ipika mAitholAjI', pR. 135, tathA mahAbhArata, vanaparva, 204-207 / 99. vahI, gA. 5153 92. harivaMzapurANa, 2.15.4 93. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, prAcIna bhAratIya loka dharma, jJAnodaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda, 1964, pR. 28 94. rAjataraMgiNI 8. 170 95. ni. cU., 19.6068 96. jJAtAdharmakathA 1, pR. 23 jIvAbhigama 3, pR. 151; ni.sU., 12.19 / parvatapUjA kA arthazAstra (4.3.78.44, pR. 114) meM ullekha hai| nadI aura vRkSa pUjA ke lie dekhiye roja kA 'TrAivsa eNDa kAsTsa oNva da paMjAba eNDa nIrtha vesTarna prAMvinsa', jilda 1, pR. 134 Adi / 97. uttarAdhyayana TI. 8, pR. 136 98. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 1176 - 1217 99. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 2.6.214-25 100. AvazyakacUrNi, 2, 1350 101. vasudevahiNDI, pR. 184

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dhArmika jIvana 117 102. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 5518-25, 5540-47 aura gA. 2494-07 103. vahI, gA. 1312 / vyavahArabhASya, 7.313; A.cU., 2, pR. 227 104. vahI, gA. 4963 Adi 105. vahI, pIThikA gA. 456 Adi 106. vahI, gA. 2380 107. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, 'prAcIna bhAratIya loka dharma', pR. 118 108. ni.cU., 2, pR. 308 3, pR. 416 109. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, vRtti gA. 1810-1811 110. vahI, gA. 4963 111. vahI, gA. 4763 112. nizIthacUrNi, pR. 48 113. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 4963 114. vahI, gA. 3150 115. vahI, gA. 4769 116. khAravela ke hAthIgumphA zilAlekha meM isakA ullekha hai| 117. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 4223 118. u.dhya.sU., 36.207 119. sthAnAMga, 8.654 120. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 2380 kI cUrNi phuTanoTa-3 (vRtti) 121. ni.bhA. 13.4427 122. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 5525 123. vyAkhyAprajJapti-1 (utthAna) pR. 7, bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 1774 meM 4 prakAra __ ke caityoM kA ullekha hai- sAdharmika, maMgala, zAzvata aura bhakti 124. vahI, vRtti bhAga-4, gA. 4214-22 125. vahI, gA. 3465-73 126. hApakinsa, mahAbhArata, 2.35.4 127. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 4487 128. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, pIThikA gAyA 318

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118 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 129. samarAiccakahA 5, pR. 420, 7 pR. 662-663 130. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 5112-13 tathA 5116 131. pI.vI. kANe, 'dharmazAstra kA itihAsa', bhAga-1, pR. 406 132. tAmarcitAbhyaH kulapratiSThAM praNamya mAtAH, kumArasambhava 7.27 133. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya vRtti gA. 1456 134. vahI, gA. 145 / dekhie vaTTaka jAtaka, (118), 1, pR. 33 aadi| 135. vahI, gA. 1814 136. vahI, gA. 3647 137. ise pariyAyavatthaNA, pajjosavaNA, parivasaNA, pajjusaNA, vAsAvAsa, paDhamasamosaraNa ThavaNA aura jeTThogaggaha se bhI kahA gayA hai, -ni. bhA., 10.3138-39 138. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 3285 139. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, gA. 4716; jIvAbhigama, 3, pR. 280-a; piyadasi ke 9veM Adezapatra meM putra ke vivAha ko 'avAha' aura kanyA ke vivAha ko 'vivAha' kahA gayA hai; tathA dIghanikAya aMbaTThasutta, pR. 86

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adhyAya-7 kalA evaM sthApatya kalA evaM sthApatya hamAre deza kI sAMskRtika dharohara haiN| inase tatkAlIna samAja ke logoM kI dhArmika mAnyatAoM, unakI abhiruci aura vividha takanIkoM kI mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| rAjya evaM jIvana ke kArya-vyApAra ko calAne ke lie vividha kalAoM ko sIkhanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| isIlie bhAratIya sAhitya meM inakA samyak citraNa kiyA gayA hai / jJAtAdharmakathA jaise aMgapraviSTa jaina grantha meM bhI 72 kalAoM kA ullekha huA hai jinheM sIkhane ke liye rAjakumAra megha ko nirdeza diyA gayA hai| lekina prastuta grantha bRhatkalpabhASya meM isa taraha kA koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| isa grantha meM to kevala nimna kalAoM ke bAre meM hI thor3I-bahuta jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| citrakalA bRhatkalpabhASya se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya bhitticitra aura vyakticitra ye donoM banAye jAte the| citraM banAne meM usI vidhi kA prayoga kiyA jAtA rahA hogA jo Ama pracalana meM rahA hogA / tadanusAra pahale jamIna taiyAra kara lI jAtI thI, phira rekhAoM dvArA AkRtiyA~ banAkara usameM tUlikA se upayukta raMga bhara diyA jAtA thaa| 2 citrakalA eka jagaha nirgrantha-nirgranthiyoM ke vastra ke saMdarbha meM pA~ca raMgoM kA ullekha bhI huA hai jo isa prakAra haiM- kRSNa, nIla, lohita, pIta aura zukla / inhIM pA~ca raMgoM kA ullekha zilpazAstra ke granthoM meM bhI huA hai| bhitticitra kA prasaMga nirgrantha-nirgranthiyoM ke upAzrayoM ke saMdarbha meM AyA hai| kahA gayA hai ki binA vizeSa kAraNa ke jaina zramaNa- zramaNiyA~ citrakarmayukta upAzraya meM nahIM ruka sakate kyoMki rahane para doSa lagegA jinakA unheM prAyazcitta karanA pdd'egaa|' isI saMdarbha meM citrakarma kA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai- sadoSa citrakarma aura nirdoSa citrkrm| yaha vargIkaraNa viSayavastu para AdhArita hai| vRkSa, parvata, nadI, samudra, bhavana, vallarI, pUrNaghaTa aura svastika jaise mAMgalika padArthoM ke Alekhana ko nirdoSa citrakarma aura striyoM puruSoM ke Alekhana ko sadoSa citrakarma kahA gayA hai|

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120 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana isa samaya suMdara vyakticitra banAye jAte the kyoMki bRhatkalpabhASya meM ullekha hai ki rAjakumAra sAgaracanda kamalAmelA ke citra ko dekhakara mohita ho gayA aura usase pyAra karane lgaa| isI prakAra kisI parivrAjikA ne jaba ceTaka kI kanyA rAjakumArI sujyeSThA kA citra eka phalaka para banAkara rAjA zreNika ko dikhAyA taba vaha use dekhakara mohita ho gyaa| prAcIna kAla meM citrazAlAe~ hotI thiiN| rAjAoM ke lie to ve garva kI vastu thiiN| anya loga bhI citrazAlAe~ banavAte the| bRhatkalpabhASya meM eka vezyA ke citrazAlA kA ullekha hai jisameM usane manuSya kI vibhinna jAtiyoM kI vizeSatAoM kA aura bhA~ti-bhA~ti ke premI yugaloM kA citraNa karAyA thaa| jaba koI vyakti usake yahA~ jAtA thA taba vaha use apanI citrasabhA dikhAkara pUchatI thI ki kauna-sA dRzya use sabase adhika priya lgaa| Agantuka ke uttara se hI vaha usakI jAti, pasanda aura guNa-doSa kA Akalana kara letI thii| saikar3oM khambhoM se nirmita eka AkarSaka citrazAlA rAjagRha meM bhI thI jise kisI zreSThI ne banavAyA thaa|10 vaizAlI kI prasiddha nartakI AmrapAlI ke pAsa bhI citrazAlA thii|11 mUrtikalA bhArata meM ati prAcIna kAla se mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa hone lagA thaa| sindhughATI kI tAmrapASANa kAlIna sabhyatA meM patthara, dhAtu aura miTTI kI bahuta-sI mUrtiyA~ milI bhI haiN|12 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samaya meM lakar3I kI bhI mUrtiyA~ banAI jAtI thiiN|13 bRhatkalpabhASya meM ziva kI kASTha pratimA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai jisase pratIta hotA hai ki bhASyakAra ke samaya meM bhI kASTha kI mUrtiyA~ banAI jAtI thiiN| prastuta grantha meM eka jagaha yaha bhI ullekha hai ki skanda (kAttikeya), mukunda (viSNu) aura anya devatAoM ke maMdiroM meM una-una devatAoM kI kASTha pratimAe~ pratiSThiApita aura pUjI jAtI thiiN| isake atirikta usa samaya miTTI (puttha), hAthI dA~ta (danta), patthara (sela) aura maNi kI mUrtiyA~ bhI banAI jAtI thiiN|16 bRhatkalpabhASya meM yantramaya pratimAoM kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| aisI pratimAe~ calatI-phiratI aura palaka mAratI thiiN| pAdalipta AcArya ne kisI rAjA kI bahana kI pratimA banAyI thI, jo bhramaNa karatI thI, palaka mAratI thI aura hAtha meM vyaMjana lekara AcAryoM ke samakSa upasthita ho jAtI thii| kahA gayA hai ki yavana deza meM AgantukoM ko isI prakAra strI banAkara chor3a diyA jAtA thaa|17

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kalA evaM sthApatya 121 ujjainI kA zAsaka pradyota kauzAmbI ke rAjA udayana ko pakar3ane ke lie isI prakAra kA eka hAthI banavAyA thaa|28 sthApatyakalA prAcIna bhArata meM aneka prakAra kI imArateM banAI jAtI thIM jinameM gRhanirmANa sabase mahattvapUrNa thaa| gRha-nirmANa karane ke pUrva bhUmi kI parIkSA kI jAtI thii| phira bhUmi ko samatala kiyA jAtA thA, aura vahA~ jo nirmANa karanA hotA thA vahA~ akSara se aMkita mohareM (uMDiyA) DAlI jAtI thiiN| tatpazcAt bhUmi khodI jAtI aura nIMva ko mUMgarI se kUTakara, usake Upara ITeM kI cinAI kI jAtI thii| pIThikA yA kursI taiyAra ho jAne para usa para bhavana khar3A kiyA jAtA thaa|19 nizIthacUrNi ke anusAra gRha meM koSTha, suvidhi (cabUtarA) maMDapasthAna (AMgana) gRhadvAra aura zaucagRha (vacca) banAye jAte the|20 bRhatkalpabhASya meM vAstu ke tIna prakAra batalAye gaye haiM- khAta (bhUmigRha), Usiya (ucchrita; prAsAda Adi),aura ubhaya (bhUmigRha se sambaddha prAsAda aadi)|21 rAjapraznIyasUtra meM sUryAbhadeva ke vimAna (prAsAda) ke sandarbha meM batalAyA gayA hai ki vaha vimAna cAroM ora se prAkAra se ghirA thaa| prAkAra para sundara kaMgUre bane the| vimAna ke cAroM dizAoM meM dvAra the jo IhAmRga, bRSabha, naraturaga (manuSya ke sira vAlA ghor3A), makara, vihaga (pakSI), sarpa, kinnara, camara, kuMjara, vanalatA aura padmalatA kI AkRtiyoM se alaMkRta the| unameM vidyAdhara-yugala kI AkRti vAlI vedikAe~ banI huI thiiN| dvAroM para krIr3A karatI huI aneka zAlabhaMjikAe~ bhI suzobhita thiiN| dvAroM ke donoM ora khUTiyA~ (NAgadandaTaparivADI) thIM aura una khUTiyoM para kSudraghaNTikAe~ TaMgI thiiN| khUTiyoM para lambI-lambI mAlAe~ aura chIMke (sikkaga) laTaka rahe the aura ina chIkoM para dhUpapAtra TaMge the|22 bRhatkalpabhASya meM prAkAra, dvAra, patAkA, dhvaja, toraNa, pIThikA, Asana, chatra, caMvara Adi vAstu se saMbaMdhita aneka zabdoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai|23 eka jagaha kamare meM sugaMdhita dhUpa ke jalane kA ullekha huA hai|24 rakSA prAcIra prAcIna kAla meM durga yA nagara ke cAroM ora rakSA prAcIra kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thaa| bRhatkalpabhASya meM chaha prakAra ke rakSA prAcIroM kA ullekha hai- pASANamaya (dvArikA), iSTikAmaya (naMdapura), mRttikAmaya (sumanomukhanagara), khoDa yAnI

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122 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana kASThamaya, kaTaka yAnI vaMzadalAdimaya aura kaNTikA yAnI babUla Adi kA~TedAra vRkSa se yukt| prAcIra khATa, sara, nadI, garta aura parvata se ghirA hotA thaa|25 prAsAda nirmANa dhanI aura sampanna logoM ke lie U~ce prAsAda (avataMsaka) banAye jAte the| rAjagRha patthara aura IToM se nirmita apane bhavanoM ke lie prasiddha thaa|26 TIkA graMthoM meM sAta tala vAle prAsAdoM kA ullekha milatA hai| prasAdoM ke zikhara gaganatala ko sparza karate the, maNi, kanaka aura ratnoM se nirmita hone ke kAraNa citravicitra mAlUma hote the| unake Upara vAyu se caMcala patAkA phaharA rahI thI tathA chatra se ve atyanta zobhAyamAna jAna par3ate the|28 dhArmika sthApatyakalA ___ dhArmika imAratoM meM devakuloM kA ullekha huA hai jinameM yAtrI Akara rukate the| isa prakAra kI vasati kA nirmANa karane ke liye pahale do dharana (dhAraNA) rakkhe jAte the, una para eka khaMbhA (paTTIvaMsa) tirachA rakhate the| phira do dharanoM ke Upara do-do mUlaveli (chappara kA AdhArabhUta stambha) rakkhI jAtI thii| tatpazcAt mUlaveli ke Upara bA~sa rakkhe jAte aura pRSThavaMza ko caTAI se Dhaka kara rassI bA~dha dI jaatii| usake bAda use darbha Adi se Dhaka diyA jAtA, miTTI yA gobara kA lepa kiyA jAtA aura usameM daravAjA lagA diyA jaataa| paTTIvaMso do dhAraNAu cattAri muulveliito| mUlaguNehiM uvahayA, jA sA AhAkaDA vshii| .. vaMsaga kaDaNokkaMcaNa chAvaNa levaNa duvAra bhUmI ya / sapparikammA yasahI, esA mUlottaraguNesu // 29 caitya-stUpa caitya ko stUpa bhI kahate haiN| bRhatkalpabhASya meM caitya ke nimna cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM- sAhammiya, maMgala, sAsaya aura bhattiA3deg sAhammiya caitya svadharmiyoM ke liye banAyA jAtA thaa| maMgala caitya zubha dene vAlA hotA thaa| sAsaya caitya zAzvata hote the| bhatti caitya sarvasAdhAraNa ke pUjA-upAsanA ke lie banAyA jAtA thaa| bauddhoM ko isa prakAra kA vibhAjana amAnya hai| unhoMne caitya ke zArIrika, uddezika aura pAribhogika ye tIna prakAra batalAye haiN|31

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kalA evaM sthApatya 123 bRhatkalpabhASya meM mAMgalika caitya ke kucha eka udAharaNa bhI diye haiN| ullekha hai ki mathurA nagarI apane maMgala caitya ke lie prasiddha thii| yahA~ para gRha-nirmANa karane ke bAda uttaraMgoM meM arhat-pratimA kI sthApanA kI jAtI thii| logoM kA vizvAsa thA ki isase gRha ke girane kA bhaya nahIM rhtaa|32 jIvantasvAmI kI pratimA ko ciraMtana caitya meM ginA gayA hai|23 gharelU upayoga meM Ane vAle sAmAnoM meM paMkhA (vAjana), chatra (catta) aura uNDa (daMDa) kA ullekha hai|34 saMgIta ___prAcIna bhArata meM saMgIta kalA ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta thaa| rAjA-mahArAjA aura abhijAta-varga ke loga hI nahIM, apitu sAdhAraNa loga bhI gAne-bajAne aura nRtya ke zaukIna the| mAnya bahattara kalAoM meM saMgIta bhI zAmila hai| isameM nRtya, gIta, svaragata, vAditra, puskaragata aura samatAla ke nAma Ate haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki prAcIna bhArata meM saMgIta aura nRtya kA kAphI pracAra thaa|35 saMgIta kI tIna vidhAe~ haiM- gAyana, vAdana aura nRty| bhAratIya janamAnasa kA vyAvahArika jIvana dharma se anuprANita rahA hai| saMgIta ne tatkAlIna dharma ko bhI prabhAvita kiyA aura dhArmika abhivyaMjanA ko saMgIta kalA dvArA puSpita va pallavita karane meM apanI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhaaii| sAmAnya jana meM dharma ke pracAra hetu pracalita gItoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA jo logoM para apanA mahattvapUrNa prabhAva bhI DAlate the|26 samAja meM taraha-taraha ke utsava manAye jAte the| ina utsavoM para nAgarikoM dvArA gIta-nRtya Adi ke vibhinna kAryakrama Ayojita kiye jAte the| vibhinna RtuoM ke Agamana para bhI utsavoM kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA thA aura sAmUhika rUpa se gAyana-vAdana hotA thaa| bRhatkalpabhASya meM iMdamaha,37 thUbhamaha aura pavvamaha39 kA ullekha bhI huA hai| indramaha to nirantara eka saptAha taka manAyA jAtA thaa| saMgIta prAcIna kAla se hI vilAsa sAmagrayoM kA abhinna aMga rahA hai| sundara vastra, AbhUSaNa ke atirikta saMgIta bhI Avazyaka aMga mAnA jAtA thaa| ___ jaina graMthoM meM 60 prakAra ke vAdyayaMtroM ke nAma ginAye gaye haiN| prastuta grantha meM bhI bAraha vAdyayaMtroM kA nAmollekha hai 2 - bhaMbhA, mukunda, maddala, kaDaMba, huDukka, kAMsyatAla, kAhala, vaMza, paNava aura shNkh| manoraMjana evaM kalA kI dRSTi se saMgIta ko anivArya mAnA jAtA thaa| nATya, vAdya, geya aura abhinaya ke bheda se saMgIta ko cAra prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai|

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124 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana isameM vINA, tala, tAla, laya aura vAditra mukhya haiN|73 rAjapraznIyasUtra meM 32 prakAra kI nATyavidhiyoM kA ullekha hai|" kuvalayamAlAkahA meM 72 prakAra kI kalAoM tathA vANabhaTTa kI kAdambarI meM candrApIDa dvArA vibhinna prakAra kI nATya saMgIta kalAoM kA ullekha hai|5 ___vAdya bhI saMgIta kalA kA eka aMga mAnA jAtA thaa| rAjapraznIya-sUtra meM vAdya kalA ke antargata zaMkha, zRMga, bherI, paTaha Adi 49 prakAra ke vAdyoM kA ullekha hai kintu kucha logoM ke anusAra inakI saMkhyA 59 mAnI gayI hai|6 kAdambarI meM bhI vAdya kalA ke antargata vINA, bAMsurI, mRdaMga, kAMsA, maMjIre, tUtI Adi vAdya kalAoM kA ullekha hai| saMgIta kalA ke antargata paTaha aura bheriyoM kA mahattvapUrNa varNana milatA hai| kRSNavAsudeva kI kaumudikI8, saMgrAmikI, durbhUtikA aura azivopazAminI nAmaka bheriyoM kA ullekha prAcIna jainasUtroM meM milatA hai| ye cAroM gozIrSa candana kI banI thiiN| kahate haiM ki jaba azivopazAminI bherI bajAyI jAtI to chaH mahIne ke lie samasta roga zAnta ho jAte the| eka bAra paradeza se koI vaNik dvAra para aayaa| vaha sira kI vedanA se atyanta vyAkula thaa| vaidya ne use gozIrSa candana kA lepa batAyA thA, lekina gozIrSa bahuta prayAsa karane para bhI nahIM milaa| anta meM usane Dhera sA dravya kRSNa ke bherIpAla ko dekara bherI kA eka khaNDa kharIda liyaa| pariNAma yaha huA ki bherI khaNDita ho gayI, aura usakA bajanA banda ho gayA, aura prajA rogI hone lgii| jaba kRSNa ko isa bAta kA patA calA to usane bherIpAla ko bulAkara usake vaMza kA nAza kara diyaa|50 sandarbha 1. jJAtAdharmakathA, adhyayana 1, pR. 21 2. sI. zivarAmamUrti, iNDiyana peMTiMga, dillI, 1970, pR. 34 3. bRhatkalpabhASya, vRtti gA. 3867-88, pR. 1064 4. sI. zivarAmamUrti, iNDiyana peMTiMga, pR. 34 5. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2426-33 6. vahI, gA. 2429 7. vahI, pIThikA gA. 172 8. AvazyakacUrNi, 2, pR. 165

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kalA evaM sthApatya 125 9. bRhatkalpabhASya, pIThikA gAthA 262 10. jJAtAdharmakathA 13.14 11. jagadIzacandra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 273 12. hvIlara, mA. dI iNDasa sivilAijezana, kaimbrija, 1953, pR. 63-81 13. jJAtAdharmakathA, 13.14 14. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 4487 15. vahI, gA. 3465 16. vahI, gA. 2469 va gA. 2504 17. vahI, gA. 4915 va usakI vRtti 18. AvazyakacUrNi 2, pR. 161 19. bRhatkalpabhASya, pIThikA gA. 331-33; tulanA kIjie miliMdaprazna, pR. 331 335 20. nizIthacUrNi 3.1534-35 21. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 827 / prAsAdabhUmi ko DAyAla kahA hai, nizIthacUrNI 1.631 22. rAjapraznIyasUtra, 97 aadi| nizIthasUtra 13.9 meM ghUNA (choTA stambha), giheluya (dehalI), usukAla (okhalI) aura kAmajala (snAnapITha) kA ullekha milatA hai| 23. bRhatkalpabhASya, pIThikA gA. 1176-1217 24. vahI, pIThikA gA. 582 25. pAsANiTTaga-maTTiya-khoDa-kaDaga-kaMTigA bhave dvve| khAiya-sara-nai-gaDDA-pavvaya-duggANi khettmi|| - bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 1123 aura usakI vRtti| 26. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 4768 27. uttarAdhyayanaTIkA 13, pR. 189 28. jJAtAdharmakathA, 1, pR. 22 29. bRhatkalpabhASya, pIThikA gA. 582-83; bhAga-2, gA. 1675-77 30. vahI, gA. 1774 31. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, bhAratIya kalA, vArANasI, 1977, pR. 151-52

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126 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 32. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 1776, va vRtti 33. vahI, gA. 2753 vRtti 34. vahI, gA. 4097 35. bhAratIya saMgIta ke liye dekhie kumArasvAmI, da DAnsa oNva ziva, pR. 72-81; jagadIzacandra jaina, jainAgama meM prAcIna bhAratIya samAja, pR. 319 36. bRhatkalpabhASya, gA. 2564 37. vahI, gA. 5153 38. vahI, gA. 6275 39. vahI, gA. 4716 40. vahI, gA. 2557 41. jagadIzacandra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 320 42. bRhatkalpabhASya, pIThikA gA. 24 kI vRtti meM bAraha vAdyoM kA ullekha hai| vyAkhyAprajJaptiTIkA, 5.4 pR. 216-a; jIvAbhigama, 3, pR. 145-a; jambUdvIpaprajJapti 2, pR.100-a; anuyogadvArasUtra, 127; ni. sU. 17.135-138 / 'nizIthasUtra meM DamarU, DhakuNa Adi vAdyoM kI atirikta saMkhyA ginAyI gayI hai| 43. sthAnAMgasUtra 4, pR. 27 44. rAjapraznIya TIkA pR. 136 45. kAdambarI, pR. 231-32 kuvalayamAlAkahA 22.1-10 46. jagadIzacandra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 231 47. kAdambarI, pR. 231-32 48. mahAbhArata, 1.25.28 49. jagadIzacandra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 290 50. vahI, pR. 290

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adhyAya-8 upasaMhAra saMghadAsagaNi jaina paramparA ke suvikhyAt AcArya haiM jinhoMne bhadrabAhukRta bRhatkalpasUtra grantha para suvistRta chandobaddha bhASya likhA hai jisameM lagabhaga sAr3he chaH hajAra prAkRta gAthAyeM haiN| mUlasUtra ke vyAkhyAna kA jahA~ taka sambandha hai yaha bhASya advitIya hai| jaina muniyoM ke lie vihita AcAra, niyama evaM asamarthatA ke kAraNa unake ullaMghana hone para unake prAyazcitta kA vistAra se nirUpaNa isa graMtha meM kiyA gayA hai| kisI bhI graMtha ke sAMskRtika adhyayana meM tatkAlIna, bhaugolika, Arthika, rAjanItika, sAmAjika, dhArmika paristhitiyoM kA adhyayana aparihArya hotA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM ina sabhI binduoM para savistAra carcA upalabdha hai jo usake sAMskRtika adhyayana ko pUrNatA pradAna karate haiN| ___ tatkAlIna bhaugolika paristhitiyoM ke varNana meM bRhatkalpabhASya prAyaH udAsIna dikhAI detA hai| isIlie janapadoM ke aMtargata kevala surASTra, avaMti, kuNAla, sindhu-sauvIra, zUrasena aura kozala kA, nagaroM meM mathurA, ujjayinI, Anandapura, bhRgukaccha, sUrpAraka, tAmralipti, purisapura, tosali Adi kA, parvatoM meM ujjayanta, indrapada aura aburda kA aura nadiyoM meM gaMgA, irAvai aura goyAvarI kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| tathApi usane grAmoM ke sambandha meM mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI dI hai aura batalAyA hai ki grAma ve haiM jahA~ 18 prakAra ke kara vasUla kiye jAte the aura sAtha hI nagara ve haiM jahA~ koI kara nahIM lagAye jaate| grAma va nagara ke atirikta usane kheTa, karvaTa, maDamba, pattana, Akara, droNamukha, nigama, rAjadhAnI, Azrama, niveza, sambandha, ghoSa, aMzikA aura puTabhedana Adi grAma ke prakAroM ko bhI paribhASita kiyA hai| tatkAlIna sAmAjika paristhitiyoM para isa grantha se vipula prakAza par3atA hai| paraMparAgata cAtuvarNya kA yatra-tatra ullekha mAtra hI hai| isakI jagaha Arya aura anArya jAtiyoM para bala diyA gayA hai aura batalAyA gayA hai ki jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ Arya dezoM meM hI bhramaNa kareM kyoMki ina kSetroM meM unheM AhAra, upAzraya Adi kI

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128 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana sulabhatA hotI hai| vivAha ke bAre meM kevala svayaMvara aura gAndharva vivAha kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM bhAI-bahana ke vivAha kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| golma deza meM isa taraha ke vivAha kA pracalana thaa| usa samaya nArI kI sthiti saMtoSajanaka thI parantu unheM pUrNa svataMtratA prApta nahIM thii| kabhI-kabhI vaha parapuruSa ke sAtha bhAga jAtI thii| isI prakAra jaina sAdhuoM kI apekSA sAdhviyoM para kaThora niyama lAgU kiye gaye the| usa samaya dAsa-prathA kA pracalana maujUda thA lekina dAsa-dAsI prAyaH parivAra ke sAtha hI rahate the| grantha ke anusAra RNagrasta hone para logoM ko dAsavRtti svIkAra karanI par3atI thii| aise vyakti ko zramaNadIkSA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| usa samaya loga anna, phala, dUdha, mAMsa, madirA Adi kA sevana karate the| prastuta graMtha meM vibhinna prakAra ke pakavAnoM kA ullekha hai jinameM pulAka viziSTa prakAra kA pakavAna hotA thaa| usake tIna prakAra bhI batalAye gaye haiM- dhAnyapulAka, gaMdhapulAka aura rspulaak| grantha nimitta zAstra para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai| usa samaya jAdU-TonA Adi meM logoM kA vizvAsa thaa| inake mAdhyama se loga apane aneka kArya sampanna karate the| maMtravidyA se azva utpAdana kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke vastra, upakaraNa Adi ke sAtha hI sAmAnya jana ke vastroM kI bhI prastuta graMtha meM vistAra se carcA hai| usa samaya ke loga aneka prakAra se Amoda-pramoda aura manabahalAva kiyA karate the| maha, chaNa (kSaNa), utsava, yajJa, parva, goSThI, pramoda aura saMkhaDi Adi aise kitane hI utsava aura tyohAra the jahA~ loga jI-bharakara Ananda lete the| aise avasaroM para taraha-taraha ke vyaMjana bhI banAye jAte the| dhArmika utsavoM meM parva kA sabase adhika mahattva thaa| bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya meM cikitsA paddhati kA suMdara citraNa kiyA gayA hai jisameM ATha prakAra ke vaidyoM kA nAmollekha milatA hai- (1) saMvigna (2) asaMvigna, (3) liMgI, (4) zrAvaka (5) saMjJI (6) anabhigRhIta asaMjJI (mithyA-dRSTi), (7) abhigRhIta asaMjJI (8) prtiirthik| asAdhya rogoM ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAnya jIvana nirvAha ke niyamoM kA nivAraNa karane hetu auSadhi evaM cikitsA kI vyavasthA thii| isameM roga nAzaka auSadhi aura zalyakriyA se sambandhita auSadhi prayoga kiye jAte the| cikitsaka ko vaidya kahA jAtA thaa| tatkAlIna Arthika vyavasthA sudRr3ha thii| kRSi utpAdana tathA pazupAlana ko prAthamika utpAdana mAnA jAtA thaa| kRSaka kRSi kArya karane meM nipuNa hote the|

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upasaMhAra 129 unheM isa bAta kA jJAna thA ki kauna sI bhUmi upajAU hai aura kauna sI anupjaauu| khetoM meM jutAI ke lie hala va baila kI sahAyatA lI jAtI thii| siMcAI varSA ke sAtha-sAtha setu aura ketu sAdhanoM para nirbhara thii| annoM ke bhaNDAra kI ucita vyavasthA thii| pazuoM se kRSi kArya to hotA hI thA isake atirikta unase dugdha, mAMsa, Una tathA camar3A prApta hotA thaa| ye yuddha aura yAtAyAta meM bhI sahAyaka hote the| unake bAla se bane rajoharaNa aura kambala jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ upayoga meM lAte the| duSkAla meM jaina sAdhuoM ko mAMsa khAne kA bhI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| vANijya evaM vyApAra samRddha thaa| vyApAriyoM ko sArtha kahA jAtA thA jo dezI aura videzI donoM prakAra kI maMDiyoM meM vyApAra karate the| unake netA jyeSTha vyApArI sArthavAha kahalAtA thaa| vyApArika mArga meM surakSA kI samucita vyavasthA thii| pA~ca prakAra ke sArthoM kA ullekha milatA hai| usa samaya vyApArika samAja meM aise sAhasI sArthavAha vidyamAna the jinhoMne aneka bAra videza yAtrA karake apane vyApAra ko Age bar3hAyA thaa| usa samaya sArthavAhoM ke sAtha yAtrA karanA kAphI surakSita samajhA jAtA thaa| isIlie jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko sArthavAhoM ke sAtha yAtrA karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ___ udyoga-dhandhoM kA samAja kI Arthika vyavasthA meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna thaa| vastra udyoga usa samaya samunnata avasthA meM thaa| sUtI, rezamI, UnI, carma-nirmita Adi aneka prakAra ke vastroM kA nirmANa pracalita thaa| kapar3oM kI raMgAI bhI kI jAtI thii| udyoga-dhandhe vyApAriyoM dvArA calAye jAte the jo alaga-alaga zreNI aura saMgaThanoM se jur3e hote the| sAmAna lAne le jAne ke lie jala aura sthala donoM mArgoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| tatkAlIna rAjanaitika vyavasthA meM rAjatantrAtmaka praNAlI pracalita thii| gaNataMtrAtmaka vyavasthA kA nAmollekha taka nahIM huA hai| rAjataMtrAtmaka vyavasthA ye arAjaka, juvarAya, vairAjya aura dvairAjya ye cAra prakAra ke rAjya batalAye gaye haiN| strI, juA, surA aura AkheTa meM lipta rAjA ko rAjya calAne ke lie ayogya kahA gayA hai| rAjya kA uttarAdhikArI usakA putra hI hotA thA parantu putravihIna rAjA kI mRtyu ho jAne para maMtriyoM kI salAha se svastha jaina sAdhuoM dvArA putra utpanna karAye jAne kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| rAjya ko sucAru rUpa se calAne ke lie yuvarAja ke atirikta pUranti, chattanti, buddhi, maMtrI aura rahassiyA Adi

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130 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana hote the| pAraMparika caturaMgiNI senA meM usa samaya ghur3asavAra sainikoM kI bahulatA rAjya meM aparAdha para niyaMtraNa thA kyoMki zAsana vyavasthA kar3I thii| choTemoTe aparAdhoM ke lie mRtyu daNDa taka de diyA jAtA thaa| phira bhI usa samaya coroM kA bahuta AtaMka thaa| ye cora jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko bhI nahIM chor3ate the| kabhI-kabhI to jaina sAdhu hI coroM ko pakar3akara rAjA ke pAsa unheM ucita daNDa dilAne ke lie prastuta hote the| usa samaya kara kI ugAhI kar3AI se kI jAtI thii| kara na dene para rAjA mRtyu daNDa taka kA Adeza de detA thaa| rAjya kA samucita saMcAlana rAjaprAsAda se kiyA jAtA thaa| durga tathA nagara kI surakSA ke lie khAIM aura parikhA kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thaa| dhArmika kSetra meM jaina zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke pravrajyA, AhAra, vastra, upAzraya, dinacaryA, vihAra-yAtrA, zIla aura mRtyu-saMskAra ke bAre meM vipula sAmagrI pAyI jAtI hai| zAstra-sammata niyamoM kA pAlana karate hue hI unheM jIvanayApana karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| yadi kisI kAraNa se niyamoM kA ullaMghana ho jAya to usake lie prAyazcitta kA samucita vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| prastuta graMtha meM prAyaH apavAda ginAye gaye haiM jisase pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya zramaNa saMgha meM kAphI zithilitA A gaI thii| zAyada tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ bhI apavAdoM ke vivAda ke lie jimmedAra thiiN| udAharaNa ke lie vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM madyapAna evaM mAMsabhakSaNa unake lie vihita mAnA gayA hai| zIla ke saMbaMdha meM batalAyA gayA hai ki vizuddha karmoM kA AcaraNa karate hue mRtyu kA AliMgana karanA ucita hai lekina apane zIlavrata se skhalita honA kadApi ucita nahIM hai| dhArmika jIvana se sambandhita anya sAmagrI meM vibhinna mahoM yathA-indramaha, yakSamaha, vyaMtaramaha, bhUtamaha, skaMdamaha aura zivamaha kA, vana-devatA aura kuladevatA kA, aura kucha-eka dhArmika utsavoM yathA rathayAtrA, AvAha, kaumudI mahotsava Adi kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke kAla se hI jina aneka mahoM ko manAyA jAtA thA unameM se kucha ke nAma samakAlIna samaya meM bhI prApta hote haiN| isa kAla meM kisI devatA ko prasanna karane ke lie kabhI-kabhI Agantuka kI bhI bali de dI jAtI thii| isa kAla meM tAntrika vidhi-vidhAna kA pracalana bar3ha rahA thaa| yaha bhUtamaha se to spaSTa hai hI, kabhI-kabhI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke Dara jAne para unheM mAMtrika ke pAsa le jAkara cikitsA bhI karAI jAtI thii|

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upasaMhAra 131 kalA evaM sthApatya nAmaka sAtaveM adhyAya se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya tatkAlIna samAja meM vibhinna prakAra kI kalAoM ko sIkhane-sikhAne kI vyavasthA thii| inake antargata citrakalA, mUrtikalA, vAstukalA aura saMgIta-kalA ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna milA huA thaa| usa samaya mukhyataH do prakAra ke citra banAye jAte the- sadoSa aura nirdoss| sadoSa citrakalA meM mAnava AkRtiyA~ hotI thIM jaba ki nirdoSa citrakalA meM nadI pahAr3a, vana Adi kA citraNa hotA thaa| mUrtikalA ke aMtargata skanda (kArtikeya), mukunda (viSNu) aura ziva kI kASTha pratimAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vAstukalA ke antargata vibhinna prakAra ke rakSA prAcIroM kA ullekha milatA hai| unake cAra prakAra bhI batalAye gaye haiM- pASANa, iSTikA, mRttikA aura kaasstth| saMgIta kalA ke antargata vibhinna prakAra ke vAdya-yantroM kA ullekha milatA hai| isa prakAra bRhatkalpabhASya jaina zramaNAcAra kA eka utkRSTa grantha hai| jo sAMskRtika adhyayana kI dRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| zramaNa AcAra ke vibhinna pakSoM ko prastuta karate hue yaha grantha tatkAlIna, bhaugolika, rAjanItika, Arthika dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika pradeyoM kA bhI savistAra varNana karatA hai jo kathya aura tathya kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiN| apane kathana ke samarthana meM bhASyakAra ne samasAmayika AcAryoM evaM unakI kRtiyoM kA bar3e sammAna ke sAtha niveza kiyA hai tathA apanI samIkSAtmaka evaM AlocanAtmaka dRSTi evaM sUjha-bUjha kA paricaya diyA hai|

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sahAyaka graMtha-sUcI 1. agravAla, vI.esa. pANinI kAlIna bhArata varSa : bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA vi.saM. 2012 / agravAla vI.esa., kAdambarI eka sAMskRtika adhyayana : caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1958 / 3. agravAla vI. esa., iNDiyA aija nona TU, lakhanaU, 1953 4. agravAla, vI.esa., bhAratIya kalA, vArANasI, 1977 5. anuttaraupapAtika dazAMga, saMpA. madhukara muni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1981 6. antakRddazAMga : Agama prakAzana samiti, vyaavr| 7. antakRddazAMga : jainazAstroddhAra samiti, raajkott| 8. aruNa pratApa siMha, jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI aSTAdhyAyI (pANini) : caukhambA saMskRta sirIja, vaaraannsii| 10. Avazyaka cUrNi : jinadAsagaNikRta, RSabhadeva kesarI mala, ratalAma, 1928 / 11. AvazyakacUrNi : jinadAsagaNi, prakAzaka, jaamngr| AvazyakasUtra : TIkA malayagiri, Agamodaya samiti, bambaI 1916 13. Avazyaka niyukti : bhadrabAhu, Agamodaya samiti, bmbii| 14. Avazyaka sUtra : saMpA. madhukara muni, A.pra.sa., vyAvara, 1985 15. Agama aura vyAkhyA sAhitya (vijayamuni aura samadarzImuni) : sanmati jJAnapITha, aagraa| 16. Agama kAlIna samAja vyavasthA (vijayamuni) : amara bhAratI, varSa 16 aNk-phrvrii-maarc|

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sahAyaka graMtha-sUcI 133 17. AcArAMga sUtra : madhukara muni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara rAjasthAna, 1980 / 18. ikonAmika lAipha oNpha nArdana iNDiyA (lallana jI gopAla), vArANasI, 1965 19. upAzakadazAMga : jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, raajkott| 20. uttarAdhyayana cUrNi (jinadAsagaNi) : RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA, ratalAma, 1933 uttarAdhyayana : jaina zAstra mAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara (raajsthaan)| 22. uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, TIkA : jinadAsagaNi, ratalAma, 1933 / zAntisUri, bambaI, 1916 / 23. kalpasUtra (bhadrabAhu) : devendramuni zAstrI, zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, 1985 24. kuvalayamAlAkahA (udyotanasUri) : siMghI jaina graMthamAlA, bmbii| 25. kauTilya kA arthazAstra : caukhambA saMskRta sirIja, vaaraannsii| 26. DaoN. presasumana jaina, kuvalayamAlAkahA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, prAkRta jainazAstra evaM ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaishaalii| 27. jambUdvIpaprajJapti : jainazAstroddhAra samiti, raajkott| 28. jambUdvIpaprajJapti : jainazAstroddhAra, mudraNAlaya, haidraabaad| 29. jIvAbhigama : jainazAstroddhAra mudraNAlaya, haidraabaad| 30. jaina dinendracandra, ikonAmika lAipha oNpha aiMziyeMTa iNDiyA aija DipikTeDa ina jaina kenonikala liTarecara : prAkRta, jainolaoNjI eNDa ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI (bihAra), 1980 / 31. jainasAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa (bhAga 1 se 7) : pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vaaraannsii| 32. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa : mohanalAla mehatA, vArANasI, 1966-67 //

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134 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 33. jagadIzacandra jaina, jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja : caukhambA vidyA bhavana cauka, vArANasI, 1965 / 34. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa : DaoN. mohana lAla mehatA, vArANasI, 1967 / 35. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga-1 (paM. vecaradAsa) : vArANasI, 1966 36. jaina Agama (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) : jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, banArasa san 1947 / 37. jinaratnakoza (haridAmodara velaNakara) : bhaNDArakara oriyenTala insTITyUTa pUnA, san 1944 / 38. jaina Agama aupapAtika sUtra kA sAMskRtika adhyayana : vijayamuni, jinavijaya, abhinandana grNth| 39. jaina zAstroM meM aTThAraha zreNiyoM kA nAmollekha : jJAnacandra, zramaNa varSa 24 aMka 2 / jaina kalcara : arahana mukeza jaina, mahAvIra jayaMti smArikA, 1981, khaNDa 5 / jItakalpa bhASya (jinabhadragaNi, puNyavijaya) : ahamadAbAda, vikrama saMvat 1914 / 42. da iNDasa vailI sivilAijezana (mA. hvilaha) : kaimbrija, 1953 / 43. da DAMsa oNpha ziva : kumAra svaamii| 44. dazavaikAlika sUtra, saMpA. madhukara muni, A.pra.sa., vyAvara, 1985 45. dazavaikAlika cUrNi (jinadAsagaNi) : jaina zvetAmbara saMsthA, jaamngr| 46. dazAzrutaskaMdha : jainazAstramAlA kAryAlaya, laahaur| 47. dazavaikAlika cUrNi, (jinadAsagaNi) : ratalAma, 1933 / 48. dazAzrutaskaMdha cUrNi : bhAvanagara, saM. 2011 / 49. nirayAvalikA sUtra : jainazAstroddhAra samiti, raajkott| 50. nizIthasUtra (bhAga 1 se 4 bhASya aura cUrNi sahita) : sanmati jJAnapITha, aagraa| 51. nitivAkyAmRta (somadevasUri) : mahAvIra jaina graMtha mAlA, vaaraannsii|

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sahAyaka graMtha-sUcI 135 52. nizIthabhASya, cUrNi, jinadAsagaNi; upAdhyAya kavi amaramuni aura muni kanhaiyAlAla : sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1957-1960 / 53. nirayAvaliyA TIkA (candrasUri) : ahamadAbAda, 1938 / 54. piMDaniyukti bhASya, TIkA : malayagiri, sUrata, 1918 / 55. prajJApanA TIkA : malayagiri, bambaI, 1918-19 56. prAcIna bhAratIya zAsana paddhati (anaMta sadAziva alTekara) : lIDarapresa ilAhAbAda, 1948 / 57. paumacariya, vimalasUri : bhAvanagara, 1914 / 58. prAcIna tIrthamAlA saMgraha bhAga-1 : bhAvanagara, saMvat 1978 / 59. bRhatkalpabhASya, dvArA saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa, malayagiri aura kSemakIrti TIkA sahita : AtmAnaMda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara 1933 60. bRhatkalpabhASyam (hindI anuvAda sahita) saMpA./anuvAdaka muni dulaharAja, Daina vizva bhAratI lADanUM, prathama saMskaraNa, 2007 / 61. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, AcArya zrI zivArya, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1978 62. mahAbhArata, zrIpAda sAtavalekara, bhAratamudraNAlaya, balasA', (guja.), 1978 63. manusamRti, TIkAkAra paM. zrI haragobinda zAstrI, caukhambhA saMskRta sirIja, vArANasI, 1979 64. rAjapraznIya TIkA, abhayadeva : gujarAtI anuvAda, becaradAsa dozI, ahamadAbAda, vikrama saM. 1994 / 65. vasudevahiMDI, saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka, : AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1930-31 / 66. vividhatIrthakalpa, jinaprabhasUri, siMghI jaina jJAnapITha zAntiniketana, bambaI, 1934 / 67. vyavahArabhASya, TIkA (malayagiri) : bhAvanagara, 1926 / 68. vyAkhyAprajJapti TIkA, (abhayadeva) : Agamodaya samiti, bambaI 1921; ratalAma, 1937 /

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136 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 69. vipAkasUtra TIkA, (abhayadeva) : bar3audA, vi. saM. 1922 / 70. zivarAmamUrti sI., iNDiyana peMTiMga, dillI, 1970 71. samantabhadra, ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra : zrI muni saMgha sAhitya prakAzana samiti, sAgara, ma.pra. 1992 72. sAnuvAda vyavahArabhASya, saMpA. / anuvAdaka muni dulaharAja, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU, 2004 73. sUtrakRtAMga niryukti, cUrNi, TIkA : jinadAsagaNi, ratalAma, 1941, zIlAMka, Agamodaya samiti, bambaI, 1917 74. sthAnAMgasUtra, saMpA. madhukara muni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, (rAja.) 75. hisTrI oNpha jaina monAsijma : zAntA rAma bhAlacandradeva, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, 1956 / 76. harSacarita eka sAMskRtika adhyayana (vI. esa. agravAla) : bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad sammelana bhavana, pttnaa| 77. hisTrI oNpha dharmazAstra (pI.vI. kANe) : bhaNDArakara orieNTala risarca iMsTIcyUTa, pUnA, pA~ca khaNDa 1930 - 53 / 78. triSaSTizalAkA-puruSacarita, hemacandra : anuvAda esa.ema. jaoNnsana, 1930 / 79. jJAtAdharmakathA (nAyAdhammakahA) : TIkA, abhayadeva, Agamodaya samiti bambaI, 1919 / 80. jJAtAdharmakathA (nAyAdhammakahA) : bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dharmakathAo, becaradAsa dozI, ahamadAbAda, 1931 / 81. jJAtAdharmakathA : saMpAdaka, ena.vI. vaidya, pUnA, 1940 /

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