Vyaptipanchakam

Author(s): Gangesa, Mathuranath, Raghunath, Jagdish
Publisher: Shrutbhuvan Sansodhan Kendra

Page 8

NAVYA-NYĀYA
- Dr. Balirām śukla
The history of the Buddhist and Jaina logic is considered to be the history of the middle period of logic. The great conflict of the Brāhmana Nyāya and the śramana Nyāya resulted in the new trend of logic named 'Navya Nyāya.' (Hol Rp) The old Brahmaņa Nyāya as if was completed with Udayanācārya (उदयनाचार्य) and the further development took a new turn resulting in origination of Navya Nyāya. The vigorous flow of logic became speedy with “Tattvacintāmaņi' (arafaalhfut) written by Gangesa, (FT'TST) which not only influences all the orthodox systems of the Indian philosophy but left its traces also in all the later disciplines of learning in India.
After the conflict with the Jaina and Bauddha logic which took place around 1000 A.D. the Brāhmanic logicians decided to establish 16 categories of the Nyāya system. Among them the development of the category of pramāņa (941) is the most essential. Without the solid foundation of pramāṇa the establishment of prameyās (YÀT:) would not be possible. Hence Gangeśa, the author of Tattvacintāmaņi, established the Navya Nyāya philosophy as pramāņa-pradhāna-śāstra (4411912012) instead of concentrating on prameyās. From this time onwards Prācina Nyāya is known to be prameya-śāstra (TĀPa) and Navya Nyāya is known to be pramāņa-śāstra (441217).