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48
THF JAINA PHILOSOPHY
determinate mode of being Thus, the non-absolutist Jains assert that the qualities cannot be absolutely different from the substance nor can they be absolutely identical with it
SIX ULTIMATE REALITIES
Jains accept the existence of sıx ultimate realities as under (1) Jeevästikāya, (2) Dharmāstıkiya, (3) Adharmāstikāya, (4) Akāsāstikāya (5)Pudgalāstıkāja and (6) Time
The first five are called astıkāyas because each of them are homogeneous substances composed of innumerable points, Kāla ie, time is also included in the list of realities as the sixth entity, but is not an astikaya We shall examine very briefly the nature and characteristics of these substances before taking up the detailed discussion on pudgalāstikaya which is the Jain name for matter
(1) Jeevāstikāya is the psychic order of evstence Consiousness is its chief characteristic It exists in two states (a) state of bondage and (b) state of emancipation In both these states its existence is real Emancipation does not mean total cessation nor is bondage merely empirical The emancipated soul is the same old self which was in bondage Freedom means freedom from passions
Emancipation presupposes corruption of the self in the state of worldly existence This corruption is due to soul's beginningless association with matter The soul is pure consciousness in its intrinsic nature and it is due only to its association with matter that it comes to generate passions
(2) Dharmāstıkāya and (3) Adharmāstıkāya are the media of motion and rest, respectively The
6 Bhagvanı Sülra 13-4-481
