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104 THE JAINA PHILOSOPHI property of being an objective reality of existing outside our mind
The fundamental difference between the two views is regarding the ultimate reality of consciousness While the Jains assert its independent existence old materialists consider it to be identical with matter Though dialetical materialism considers mind and maiter to be different mind (or psyche) 15 not attributed the status of an ultimate reality
It is quite clear from the discussion in the preceding paras that according to the Jain view physical order of existence (ajeeva) and psychical order of existence (Jeera) are entirely different substances Consciousness is the characteristic of jeeva (psyche) and therefore ajeeva is devoid of consciousness Cognitive experience is the most important facet of consciousness and only jeeia is capable of a cogniuive experience Besides passions, emotions, sensation of pleasure or pain memory, experience etc are various manifestations of consciousness alone Matter is devoid of consciousness and is therefore ajeeva
Mutual transformation within the two orders of existence is according to Jains, absolutely impossible Matter being entirely devoid of consciousness cannot under any conditions, be transformed into jeeva The greek atomists believed that psychical order was created and composed of certain types of atoms (spherical, dynamic and smooth) Dialetical materialism does not accept the separate existence of psychical order at all According to it, the entire existence is transforniations of matter The scientists views are divided on the subject Some of them accept the independent existence of two orders while some of them agree with the views of the dialetical materialism 11
