Study of Tattvarthasutra with Bhasya

Author(s): Suzuko Ohira
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

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Sec. 1. SOURCE MATERIALS OF THE T. S. AND THEIR ORGANIZATION
consulted in this connection. The di isions of dāna stated in the sūtra 34 are vidhi, dravya, dātr and pātra, which are drawn from the Bhagavati 15. 540..
The condition of vratis as niņsalya does not find a mention in the canonical literature wherein threefold salyas, i. e., māyā, nidāna and mithyādarsana, are frequently talked about. It seems that Umāsväti laid down this condition on the ground that samyaktva is the primary proviso to be a vrati as so articulated in the dialogues in the Agama and as so emphasized in the beginning sūtras of the T. S. Mithyadarsana šalya is reckoned as the last one among eighteen vices and as one of five kriyās.
As to the list of bhāvanās, those of asteya conspicuously differ between the two recensions of the T. S. Umāsvāti's list in VII:3Bh. agrees with that of the Acārānga II.15. 1043-1044 in content but differs in sequence. The Samayāya 82 and Mülācāra 5.142 belong to the same group with some variations. On the other hand, the Digambara sūtra VII:6 and Kundak unda's Cáritrapähuda 34 broadly agree with the list made in the Praśnavyākarana (v. 1, p. 1230-31).' These indicate that there were two major trends in the practice of bbāvanās in the Jaina communities prior to the schism.
As already noted, Ch.VI is directly related to the subject matter of Ch.VIIT, and a smooth flow of discussion from Ch. VI (āsrava) to Ch.. VIII (bandha) in the sequence of tattvas is disturbed by the insertion of Ch. VII in the middle. This chapter deals with mahāvratas which fall in samvara tattva and aņuvratas which fall in asrava tattva. Umāsvāti's logical reduction of punya-pāpa from nine tattvas in tradition ensued difficulty in arranging in his scheme of seven tattvas the topics of aņuvratas which promise rebirth in svarga loka for laymen in the consequence of their good actions, thereby this chapter had to be created. And this chapter relevant to punya asrava as so Pūjyapāda conceives it was needed to be arranged immediately before the chapter of bandha tattva in order to explain the punya karmas derived therefrom. This problem has been fully discussed in the translator's introduction to Pt. Sukalji's Commentary on Tattvārthasūtra.
Chapter VIII
This chapter outlines the classification of karmas so far developed in the Agamic period: (1) 1-3. causes and definition of bondage; (2) 4. four divisions of karmas - 5-14. prakrti bandha - 15-21. sthiti bandha -- 22-24. anubhāga bandha - 25. pradeśa bandha; and (3) 26. punya karmas.
The Uttarādhyayana 33 called Kammappayādi deals with the same topics: 1-5. eight mūla prakrtis and their subdivisions --- 16. their bondage by pradeśa kşetra and bhāva - 17-18. pradeśa bandha -- 19-23. sthiti bandha - 24–25. anubhāga bandha,
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