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Sec. 3. SOME PROBLEMS IN THE T. S.
We have earlier mentioned that the Bhagavati, Sthāna and Aupapātika to uchupon the laksıņıs of dhyāna subdivisions, which are dropped from Umāsvāti's treatment of dhyāna. These are as follows ; 1) ārta : kamdaņayā, soyaņayā, tippaņayā, paridevaņiya, 2) raudra: osanna-dose, bahula-d., annāņa-d., āmaranamta-d., 3) dharma : āpā-rui, nisaggi-r., sutta-r., ogādha-r., and 4) sukla:avvabe, asammobe, vivege, viussagge. The Prajñāpanā 1.74 classifies sarāga-damsanāriyās into ten types, i, e.' nisagga-rui, uvaesa-r., āli-r., sutta-r., biya-r., abhigama-r., vitthāra-r., kiriya-r., sam'sheva-r., and dhamma-r. The first three lakṣaṇas of dharma dhyāna find their corresponding types here in the classification of sarāga-darsana-āryas. The 4th laksanı called avagāui-ruci meining inclination towards the deep study of scriptures may correpond to type of ārya called abhigam 1-ruci above.
The Prajñāpınā 1.7 ; further classifies vīyarāya-damsanāriyā into two, i.e., uvasamta-kasāya and khi 11-kasāya, of which the latter is further divided into two i.e., chaumattha-khiņakasāya and kavali kşīņakasāya. Herein chaumatiba-khiņakasya is again of two types, i.e, sayambuddha and buddha-bohiya; and kevali-khinakasāya is also of two types, i.e., sayogi-kevali and ayogi-kevali. The four laksaņas of sukla dhyāna enumerated in the texts such as Bhagavati do not fiod here the corresponding four types in vitarāza-darsina-āryas, nevertheless these lak$anas are self-explanatory that these belong to the class of vitarāga-darsina-āryas alone, but to no others. The Prajñāpanā 1.76 continues to say that sarāga-caritra-āryas are of two types, i.e., sūksma-samparāya and bādara-samparāya, who belong to the 10th and 9th gunasthāsa in the list of 14 stages. Summing up all these accounts, the performers of dharma dhyāna according to these Āgamic texts fall in the 9th and 10th stages, and those of sukla dhyāna in the 11th stage onwards.
The compass of the stages of dharma dhyāna above does not exactly agree with that offered by Umāsvāti who might have used some other materials which escaped our sight or which are no more available to us. The source materials used for allotting the stages of ārta and raudra dhyātās are difficult to be traced, but these are logically assignable with the basic knowledge of avratas and guṇasthānas. Systematizing the, Āgamic literature on this subject, Umāsvāti assigns the meditators of raudra dhyān to the 1st through the 5th stages, those of ārta to the 1st through the 6th stages those of dharma to the 7th through the 12th stages, and those of śukla to the 11th through the 14th stages, of which the performers of the first two subdivisions to the 11th and the 12th stages, those of the 3rd subdivision to the 13th stage, and those of the 4th subdivision to the 14th stage. The 11th and 12th guṇasthānas are thus shared by the meditators of dharmı dhyāna and by the meditators of the first two stages of śukla dhyāna, who are necessarily the pūrvavids. (Umāsvāti does not know the full list of 14 stages, neither he calls them in terms of numerical series, therefore the corresponding stages of meditators expressed here for the sake of convenience and clarification).
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