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Sec. 3. SOME PROBLEMS IN THF T. S.
properties, namely, five colours, two smells, five tastes and eight touches, of which degrees can be likewise one up to infinite each. And the atomic combination proceeds according to the rule pronounced in the Prajnapand 13.418 above, for which the degrees of snigdha-1 üksa gunas play an important role.
In this relation, Abhayadeva quotes certain gathās in his commentary on the Bhagavati 5.7.217, 'samkoa-vikoena va, uvaramide vagahaṇāe-vil tattiya-mitiānam cla, ciram-pi davvaya' vatthanam samghaya-bheyao và, davvovarame punai samkhitte/ niamä tad-davvogāhaṇāe naso na samdeho// ogahaddha davve, samkoa-vikoyao a avabaddha na u davvam samcoana-vikoa-mittamni sambaddham'. In commenting the first and the last gathās above, Ratnasimhasuri explains the concept of sankoca-vikoca stated therein in the Paramāṇukhaṇḍaşaṭtrimsika (Atmānanda Sabhā p. 4), 'vivak şita-kşetrapradesa-vyapitvam nama paramürūnām-avagāhanā, tebhyo' Ipatareşu bahutareşu ca kşetra-pradese şu tavatām-eva pudgalānām sükşmi-bhhvanam sakkocaḥ, sphärt-bhavanam vikoch tatas-ca sankoca-vikoycābhyām-avagahanāyā uparamo bhavatiti... sakkocādvikocac-ca paramaṇānām sūkṣma-pariṇāmatayā 'nyonyānupraveśaḥ sankocaḥ sūkṣmaparinama-parinatānām tu bādara-parinamataya bhavanam vikocaḥ, tau sankoca-vikocau sama srityety-arthal.
We can interprete the concept stated herein in the following way. Ten atoms, for instance, can be combined together in one up to ten prade sas, but not in more than ten pradeśas. When these ten atoms are combined in one prades', the mode of their spatial interpenetration is called sükṣma pariplima, wherein. the entire spatial unit of each atom is penetrated by the entire spatial unit of the other atoms as so described in the Bhagavati 5.7.215. This mode of spatial interpenetration is expressed in terms of sankoca. When the same ten atoms are combined in two to ten skandha pradeśas, the mode of their spatial diffusion, in at skandha is called bädara pariņāma, which is expressed in terms of V.koca. Various. modes of their spatial diffusion have been already shown in the foregoing table of the same Bhagavati passage. In another word, X number of atoms can be combined in two ways from the standpoint of kṣetra, i. e., (1) X atoms are combined in one prades and (2) X atoms are combined in two to X pradeśas. X atoms are invisible in the former type of combination as the mode of their spatial combination is subtle, but they are visible in the latter type as the mode of their spatial combination. is gross.
The Jain canon is curiously silent about the function of sita-usoa gunas, either one of which is pronounced to be present in an atom along with either one of snigdharuksa gupas. It seems that sita-upa gupas play an important role in the theory of atomic combination of the Jainas as the causes of sankoca-vikoca or interpenetrationdiffusion of the spatial units of the atoms and composites, inasmuch as snigdha
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