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234
JAINA DOCTRINE OF KARMAN
[Ch.
(krodha), pride (māna), deceit (māyā) and greed (lobha)-each again being of four types viz. (1) what obscures the right vision and leads to 'endless' worldly existence (anantānubandhin), (2) what arrests even the aptitude for partial renunciation (apratyākhyānāvarana), (3) what arrests only the aptitude for complete renunciation (pratyakhyānāvarana), and (4) what afflicts the spiritually advanced soul only occasionally and blocks only the perfect type of conduct (samjualana). The second sub-group has nine sub-types giving rise severally to the nine kinds of quasi-passions viz. laughter, addiction, dissatisfaction, bewailing, fear, disgust, hankering after women, hankering after men and hankering after both the sexes. The quasi-passions are so called because they coexist with the passions and also are inspired by them.2 The longevity-determining karman has four sub-types whose rise severally determines the life-span in hell, plant and animal world, human existence and celestial world. Next we come to the bodymaking (nāma)-karman which has a great number of sub-types accounting for various forms of embodied existence. 3 Thus the rise of various gatināman accounts for the various forms of existence in hell, plant and animal world, human world, as well as celestial region. The jāti-naman accounts for the various classes of living organisms one-sensed, twosensed and the like. The rise of sarira-nāman accounts for the creation of various bodies such as the gross (audārika), the subtle (vaikriya) and the like. In the same way various functions are allotted to the rise of the organ-building, joint-building, structure-building and such other nāma-karmans. We do not enumerate them for lack of relevant interest. The rise of the status-determining karman is responsible for high or low status of an individual. The obstructive karman has five sub-types viz. what obstructs the inclination for making gifts and charities, what obstructs the occasion of gain, what prevents the enjoy
PP. 34-5.
1 Ibid., pp. 140-1. See also Kg1, pp. 34-5.
The anantānubandhin is the most virulent type of passion. Such anger, pride, deceit and greed are respectively compared to a split in mountain rock, a mountain-column, a bamboo-knot and a lac-stain, which are so difficult to eradicate. The apratyākhyānāvarana is a little milder. Such anger etc. are compared respectively to a soil-split, a bone-column, a ram-horn and a mudstain, which can be affected by a little less effort. The pratyäkhyānāvaraṇa is still milder, and such anger etc. are respectively compared to a sand-split, a wood-column, a go-mutrikā (cow's urine), and a safflower-stain. The samjvalana is still more mild and such anger etc. are respectively compared to a watersplit, a straw-column, a carpenter's scratch and a turmeric stain. (Cf. TSūBh, VIII. 10). 2 Cf. kaşāya-sahavartitvāt kaşāya-preraņād api hāsyādi-navakasyo 'ktā no-kaşāya-kaşayata.
--TSūBh Tīkā, Part II, p. 141, 3 TSübh, VIII. 12. 4 Ibid., VIII. 13
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