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70: śramaņa, Vol 63, No. 1, Jan.-Mar. 2012 (iii)Nurses and the (iv)Medicines. A fifth unit of community and preventive medicine was added to these four suggesting public health consciousness of Jaina scholars more than two thousand years ago. These are also the basic units of medical establishment today. The Kalyāņakāraka'' is the only authoritative text available on the Prāṇāvāya tradition of medicine. It was composed by Ugrādityācārya who was contemporary of Amoghavarşa I, the Rāştrakūta king and disciple of Srinandi. The text includes many chapters. The chapters based on the basic concepts, deal with food and drink, topics related to personal hygiene, groundwork related to medicines, arrangements in the hospital and patient's examination. Kāyacikitsā begins from the eighth chapter. The middle chapters cover topics associated with vātaroga, pittaroga and kapharoga. Other later chapters deal with diseases, śālākya, Pañcakarma, Mercury and its processing are described in detail. The last chapter is based on Kalpas. According to the author, there is no penance greater than Cikitsā. He says, "Cikitsā is for destroying sins and promoting virtues”. Here again comes the social objective of medical care and wellness which must have attracted the common people towards Jainism. Since the Jaina Ācāryas and monks themselves were having good knowledge and experience of plants, their medical properties, diseases and their symptoms and also the cure, it can easily be surmised that the common people, besides their religion and spiritual aspirations, must be visiting to the Jain Ācārya and monks for health and wellness. Thus we can visualize the very existence of MedicoSpiritual tourism in Jain context. One of earliest Jain texts the Kalpasūtra" of the early century of Common Era and also later texts make reference to an interesting point which testifies to the advance knowledge of Medical Science to the Jainas. The texts say that the foetus of the 24th Tirthankara Mahāvīra first came in the womb of Brāhmaṇi Devānandā , but subsequently at the command of Indra, Naigameşin , the commander of the army of the Gods and presiding god of the childbirth, transferred the foetus of Mahāvīra
