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injury at any time at any place. The exception to the law of injury is meaningless. 'na hiṁsyāt sarvabhūtāni' and 'agnisomiyaṁ paśumālabheta’are contradictory to each other. Violence cannot be helpful to any spiritual achievement. According to the Sänkhya Philosophy there are three types of sufferings :
(i) Spiritual (Ādhyātmika) (ii) Physical ( Ādhibhautika) (iii) Caused by Evil-Spirit ( Ādhidaivika)
There are three types of ways for being liberated from these sufferings which have been discussed in the Sārkhyatattvakaumudi
(i) Worldly ( Laukika) (ii) Scriptural method ( Šāstriya Upāya) (iii) Scriptural Inquisitiveness ( Śāstrīya Jijñāsā)
(i) Worldly ( Laukika): A hungry man eats bread, boiled rice, vegetables etc. and gets himself free form hunger. A thirsty man takes water to quench his thirst. A person who is ill takes medicines in order to be cure.
(ii) Scriptural Method ( Šāstrīya Upāya ): The man who has faith in scriptures, performs sacrifice to be free from various sufferings.
(iii) Scriptural Inquisitiveness ( Sästrīya Jijñāsā ) : The worldly way and scriptural method do not bring full freedom from sorrows and sufferings, because they themselves lack purity. Therefore Scriptural Inquisitiveness is the only way through which one can obtain liberation. One can be free from all of his sufferings only by achieving the true knowledge of Prakrti and Puruşa. In this way Sānkhya philosophy has repudiated the performance of sacrifice which has been mentioned in the scriptural method. Jaina Philosophy and Non-violence
Jainism is one of the Śramaņika traditions. It is also one of the oldest traditions of the world. Neither it accepts God nor it believes in the authority of the Vedas. It has its own literature which has been named as the Jaina Agama. It has propunded the theory of
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