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X, 20.
MIXED CASTES.
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Anantaras (belonging to the next lower caste), on account of the blemish (inherent) in their mothers.
15. A Brahmana begets on the daughter of an Ugra an Âvrita, on the daughter of an Ambashtha an Abhira, but on a female of the Âyogava (caste) a Dhigvana.
16. From a Sûdra spring in the inverse order (by females of the higher castes) three base-born (sons, apasada), an Ayogava, a Kshatri, and a Kândâla, the lowest of men;
17. From a Vaisya are born in the inverse order of the castes a Magadha and a Vaideha, but from a Kshatriya a Sûta only; these are three other baseborn ones (apasada).
18. The son of a Nishâda by a Sûdra female becomes a Pukkasa by caste (gâti), but the son of a Sûdra by a Nishâda female is declared to be a Kukkutaka.
19. Moreover, the son of a Kshattri by an Ugra female is called a Svapâka; but one begotten by a Vaidehaka on an Ambashtha female is named a Vena.
20. Those (sons) whom the twice-born beget on wives of equal caste, but who, not fulfilling their
mothers' caste and receive the sacraments according to the law prescribed for the mothers' caste (Medh., Gov., Kull., Nâr., Nand.); see also below, verse 41.
15. The Abhira is the modern Ahir.
16-17. Kull. thinks that the Pratilomas are enumerated once more, 'in order to show that they are unfit to fulfil the duties of sons.' Nand. places these two verses before verse 15.
18. Nand. reads Pulkasa instead of Pukkasa.
19. Gov., Nand., and K. read Vena instead of Vena. Râgh. adds that the modern name is Baruda, the name of caste of basket-makers.
20. Gov. and Nand. read at the end of the first line sutân for
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