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406
LAWS OF MANU.
X, 21.
sacred duties, are excluded from the Savitri, one must designate by the appellation Vratyas.
21. But from a Vrâtya (of the) Brâhmana (caste) spring the wicked Bhriggakantaka, the Avantya, the Vâtadhana, the Pushpadha, and the Saikha.
22. From a Vrâtya (of the) Kshatriya (caste), the Ghalla, the Malla, the Likkhivi, the Nata, the Karana, the Khasa, and the Dravida.
tu yân (Medh., Kull., K.),'not fulfilling their sacred duties,' i. e.
not being initiated at the proper time ;' see above, II, 39. Medh. mentions a var. lect. avratâh, Those sons whom men neglecting their sacred duties, &c. But he rejects it.
21. I read with Medh., Gov., Nár., and K., Bhriggakantaka instead of Bhůrgakanlaka (editions), or Bhâtyakantaka (Nand.); see also Gaut. IV, 20, where the form Bhrigyakanta occurs. Regarding the Âvantya (Âpañka, Nand.), see also Baudh. I, 2, 13. Instead of Vâladhâna Nand. has Vâdaghana, and K. Vâdhadhâna, marked as corrupt. Medh. reads (one MS. Pushpasaikharah) Pushpasekhara instead of pushpadhah saikha eva ka (editions). Gov. has in the text Pushyah saikhakastathâ, in the commentary pushyavasaisakha; K. pushpa... kharas tatha; Nand. Pushpasîbaka eva ka. It would seem that according to Medh. and Nand. only four tribes, sprung from a Vrâtya Brâhmana, are enumerated. But the form of the last name remains doubtful. The commentators think all the races named are descended from a Vrâtya Brahmana and a female of his own caste. Gov. remarks that according to Usanas' Nitisastra the Bhriggakantas live by sorcery, the Avantyas and Vâtadhanas serve in war, and all other Vrâtyas are spies. It is very probable that all these names originally denote nations, but the Âvantyas, the inhabitants of Western Mâlva, and the Vatadhanas, who are enumerated among the northern tribes, are alone traceable in other works.
22. I read with Medh, and Gov. Likkhivi instead of Nikkhivi (editions). K. has Likhavi (kha being marked as corrupt), and Nand. Likkikhi. As'a' and 'i' in thesi are constantly exchanged, Likkhivi may be considered as a vicarious form for Likkhavi, and it may be assumed that the Manusambitâ considered the famous Kshatriya race of Magadha and Nepal as unorthodox. Gov. says that, according to Usanas, the Nalas and Karanas are spies, and
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