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PADMANANDI-PARCA VIMSATI
and attributes them (I, IV, VI, VII & X) to Padmanandi, the pupil of Viranandi,
iii) Asādhara, a voluminous author, whose known dates are A. D. 1228-1243, quotes in his svopajña commentary on the (Anagāra) Dharmāmsta'a) VIII. 21. 23 and 64. the X. SC. 1. 18-16-44 and VI. US, 61; b) IX, 80-1, 93 and 97, the I. DA, 41, 43 & 42, once attributing the quotation to Sri-Padmanandipāda. Thus Ašādhara is acquainted with Padmanandi and some of his prakaranas.
iv) Prabhācandra, in his Sanskrit commentary on the Ratnakarandakaśrāvakācāra IV, 18, quotes two verses, Nos. 43-44, from VI.US, of Padmanandi; and he flourished earlier than (Ašādhara ).
v) Padmaprabha Maladhărideva has written a Sanskrit commentary on the Niyamasārne (ed. Bombay 1916 ) of Kundakunda in which he quotes IV. ES, 14, 20, 39-40-41 and 79 while explaining the gāthās Nos. 55, 96, 100 and 46 of the Niyama.) respectively, usually mentioning the ES. It is known now that he died on February 24, 1185 a. D.* So Padmanandi, the author of ES, flourished earlier than Padmaprabha whose literary activities might be, broadly speaking, assigned to the middle of the 12th century A. D.
vi) Jayasena, in his Sanskrit commentary on the Pañcastikaya (ed. Bombay 1915), gāthā No. 162, quotes the verse No. 14 of IV.ES without specifying the source. Jayasena's commentary is later than the Ācārasāra of Viranandi (who completed the svopajña Kannada commentary on it in 1153 A, D.) but earlier than the Sanskrit commentary on the Niyamasărc by Padmaprabha ( died in 1185 A. D.) who appears t. nave followed Jayasena's commentary on the Pravacanasāra II. 46. in his commentary on the Niyamasāra 32.
Padmanandi is a well-read author, and naturally some of his verses remind us of the thoughts and expressions from earlier works of Kundakunda, Pujyapāda and others. If the subject matter is of a dogmatical nature, this inheritance of ideas has not much chronological value; but if, otherwise, the ideas and expressions have a striking similarity, some influence or inheritance can be presumed. 1) PREMI: Jaina Sahitya aura Itihasa (Bombay 1956 ) pp. 342 f. 2) Māņikacandra D. J. Granthamälā, 24, Bombay 1925; its Intro. also pp. 53 f. See also the
Ātmānusāsana, Intro., Sholapur 1961. 3) A. N. UPADHYB: Padmaprabha and his commentary on the Niyamasāra in the J. of the Univer.
sity of Bombay, XI, ii, 1942; P. B. DESAI: Jainism in South India and some Jaina Epigraphs
(Sholapur 1957), pp. 159-60. 4) A. N. UPADAYE : Pravacanasāra (Bombay 1335), Intro. p. 104; K. SHASTRI : Jaina Sandssa,
Sodhänka 5, p. 181, Mathara 1959. It is found in a new edition of the Niyamasāra (Sanged 1951) that the portion resembling Jayasena's commentary is omitted.
