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THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE
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of an objective datum, for instance, a sound, there arises a doubt whether the sound emanates from a conch (saikha) or a horn (śriga) and the mind is driven to consider the specific points of agreement and difference in the form of the judgment it is perceived as sweet and agreeable which qualities belong to the sound of a conch and not as harsh and shrill which are the qualities of the sound of a horn' The difference between doubt (samsaya) and speculation (ihã ) lies in the fact that doubt is the antecedent form of speculation while speculation stands above doubt. In doubt (samśaya) there is uncertainty of a specific object, whereas in speculation iha) there is some sort of certainty that does not fall in the category of doubt.
DETERMINATE PERCEPTION
Determinate perception is the determination of the specific characteristic which was the object of speculation. Determinate perception is the final determination of the specific characteristic regarding the object of speculation as illustrated by the proposition 'the sound must be of a conch and not of a horn.'
RETENTION
Retention is the condition of memory. The condition is the causal stuff capable of change into the effect as memory which consists in the recollection of a past event. It is nothing but the latent mental trace left over as a legacy by our previous experience.
NON-PERCEPTUAL COGNITION
Now, let us turn to non-perceptual cognition. Non-perceptual cognition is what lacks immediacy and lucidity. The subdivisions of non-perceptual knowledge are as under:
The varieties of the same are recollection, recognition, inductive reasoning, inference, and authority.'!
1 Thitavršeşaninayocavah. Pramāņa-mimamsā, I, I. 28. 2 Smythetudbāranā. ibid., I, I, 29. 3 dorsalah parokşam. ibid., 1, 2, I.
Ispastan parokşam. Pramāņa-naya-taltvāloka, III, 1. 1 Smarana pratyabhunatarkinumanagamabhedatastat pancapvakāram.
ibid , III, 2.
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