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OUTLINES OF JAIXA PHILOSOPHY
infinite power. The liberated soul does not lose its individuality. Its individual existence is retained in that state as well.
UPAŚAMA ŚREŅI
At the end of the seventh stage of development, the soul ascends either upaśania śreni or ksapaka śreņi. That śreni (series) in which the heaped-up species of mohanīva karma are suppressed so that they cannot manifest themselves, is called upaśama śreņi. The species are not totally eradicated. They exist in a latent state and can break out again occasionally. If the suppression takes place in a regular and systematic way in a certain succession, the upasama śreni ends in a complete suppression of all belief and conduct-obscuring karmas. This series reaches its end in the upaśniti moha gunasthina (Ith stage), as then the suppressed passions break out again and the jita descends from the series. The different stages of the development of the upaśama śreņi consist in the following procedure :
Firstly, the being suppresses the life-long passions. Thereupon he suppresses the three sub-species of belief-obscuring karma and through that, reaches aupaśamika sanvaktra (right belief acquired through suppression). When this has happened, the being proceeds to the suppression of the still remaining mohanīva karmas. For this purpose he performs three processes: vathapra ytti karana, a pūrva karana, and anirytti karana. If a calculable part of the anivetti karana has passed, the jīva performs an antarakaraņa of the twenty-one remaining mohanīva karmas. Then he successively suppresses, within the fraction of a muhurta, the third sex-passion, then the female sex-passion, then joking, liking, disliking, sorrow, fear, and disgust; then the male sex-passion, then simultaneously apratvākā vānītarana and pratvākh vānāvarana anger, then the sanjualana anger. This process occurs in man. The succession in woman is: third sex-passion, male sex-passion, joking, etc.; in a napumsaka, female sex-passion, male sex-passion, joking, etc.3 Thereupon follows the suppression of the second and third kinds of deceit and of the sanjualana deceit, and then that of the second and third kinds of greed. After that the sañjvalana
1 Some writers start from the fourth stage also. See Viseşāvasvaka
bhásya, 1291. 2 Karma-grantha, V, 08. 3 Ävasya ka-niryuktı. 116; Visesăvasyaka-bhāsya, 1288,
