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OUTLINES OF JAINA PHILOSOPHY
the minimum one samava and in the maximum less than a muhurta. If the person belonging to this stage degrades after one samaya, he becomes an 'avirata' (4th stage); if the degradation is after 'antarmuhūrta' (less than 48 minutes) he becomes a deśavirata (5th stage). If the 'antarmuhūrta', however, has passed without any incident, he goes into the seventh stage. If he has ascended no series, he comes back to the sixth stage and the operation begins anew. This wavering between the sixth and seventh gunasthānas lasts in the maximum somewhat less than a pūrvakoti'. If the 'upaśama' or ‘ksapaka' series is ascended, such a wavering does not take place. 7. APRANATTA SANIYATA GUVASTHĀNA
In this state of virtue, complete self-discipline without negligence exists. It lasts one samaya till antarmuhurta. 8. NIVRTTI BĀDARA SAMPARĀYA GUNASTHĀNA
Like the following stages, this stage is accessible only to those beings who are on a śreni (series). A special process known as 'apūrva karana' is performed in this stage. The being who is on the 'upaśama śreni' remains on this stage in the minimum one samaya and in the maximum antarmuhürta; the one who is on the ' kșapaka śreņi' altogether antarmuhurta. 9. ANIVRTTI BĀDARA SAMPARĀYA GUNASTHĀNA
One who is on the upaśama or ksa paka śreni and performs the process called ' anirrtti karana' belongs to this stage. The former remains in it in the minimum one samaya, in the maximum antarmuhữrta; the latter antarmuhūrta altogether. The passions still occur in this stage. 10. SOKŞMA SAMPARĀYA GUYASTHĀNA
On this stage passions only occur in the most subtle form in order to be then totally suppressed or annihilated. It lasts with the upaśama sreni one samaya in the minimum; antarmuhürta in the maximum; with the ksa paka śreni altogether antarmuhurta.
II. UPASĀNTA KASĀYA VITARĀGA CHADMASTHA GUNASTHĀNA
It is the highest stage that can be reached on the upaśama śreni. The passions on this stage are totally suppressed. It lasts
