________________
116
NAVA TATVA.
fourth, eighty-two; of the fifth, forty-two; of the sixth, fifty-seven; of the seventh, twelve; of the eighth, four; and of the ninth, nine.
I. Animated beings may be considered under one, two, three, four, five, or six aspects; simply as possessed of life; as vegetables and animals; as male, female, and of neither sex ; as men, brutes, demons, and gods; as possessed of one, two, three, four, or five senses; and as having a body of earti, water, fire, wind, wood, or flesh.
The fourteen kinds of animate beings are as follows: First, objects with one sense; which are of two kinds, those that are invisible or seen with difficulty, and those that are easily seen, [these are fire, air, earth, and vegetables]. Secondly, beings with five senses; some of which have a mind, [as men, gods, demons, fowls, and all animals and fishes that are produced, in the Jain estimation, from parents], and others have no mind, [as beings in the embryo state, and those generated, as the Jains think, by equivocal generation, from phlegm, slime, &c., as some kinds of fishes and serpents). There are then beings possessed of two senses, (viz., touch and taste, as shell-fish), and others having three, (viz., touch, taste and smell, as ants and fieas); and still a third class, with four senses, (wanting only hearing, as flies, bees and scorpions). Each of these seven classes of animals may be complete in all their powers or parts, or incom
