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NAVA TATVA.
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introduction to the Jain religion, i. e., a vow to abstain from all injury, and to exercise compassion towards all living creatures; the second is, initiation into an ascetic life, by which all former sins are obliterated; next, the sacrament of the greater penance, [being eighteen months fasting and reading for an ascetie who threatens to leave the community]; and the lesser penance, [of shorter periods, for ebullitions of passion and slight faults]; and lastly, there is the Sacrament of Renown, when the true disciple, breaking through all the entanglements of the world, attains to the state where there is immortality and freedom from decay. There are six kinds of external austerity: entire abstinence for a limited time, taking a mouthful less and less every day; the resolution to eat only if the article, place, time, and disposition, are in accordance with a previously formed conception in the mind; the refusing all savoury articles of diet; afflicting the body, [as tearing out the hair]; restraining the senses; not looking at objects of temptation. There are also six internal austerities: repentance, humility, resolution to feed holy men, reading of holy books and instructing others in the same, religious meditation, and lastly, raising the mind above all worldly desires. Such are the restraints that prepare the mind for emancipation.
VIII. Worldly attachments. These are four
