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THE PASSAGE FROM NESCIENCE..
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first place, kaşaya is derived from the root kṛs which means 'to plough'. Thus kaṣaya will mean that which ploughs (kṛṣati) the field of soul's karmas," which (ploughing) leads to the huge harvest of pleasure and pain. Kaṣāyā, therefore, is also described as two kinds of passions known as love (raga) and hate (dveṣa) or better, as pleasure and pain. So the second name of Gunadhara's sacred work Kaṣāya-Pahuḍa is given as Pejja-dosa-pāhuḍa's by its commentator Yati Vṛṣabha. The Prakrit term pejjadosa means rāga-dveṣa in Sanskrit or love and hate in English. Hence, treatise which deals with love and hate, attachment and aversion, the twin principles of worldlyfetter, is called Pejja-doṣa-pāhuḍa. Gunadhara, in his very invocation (mangala) to the work says that attachment and aversion these two are the causes of worldly existence and kaṣāya is at the root of them. The term kaṣāya can also be derived from the root kas to destroy'. It means that it destroys the right belief and right-conduct of the soul.80 Then the different kaṣāyas are said to possess different characteristics, in so far as they are produced by intensity (śakti), thought paints (lesyas) and the bondage or non-bondage of age (@yubandha-abandha). ®1
77 Nemicandra, Ibid., 283.
78 Gunadhara, Kaṣāya-pāhuḍa-sutta, Gatha 14, Sutra 21.
79 Gunadhara, Ibid., 1.
80 Nemicandra, Gommaṭasara (Jiva-kanda), 283.
81 J. L. Jaini [English trans. of Gommaṭasara (Jīva-kānda), p. 169] has presented a big table of kaşayas and lesyas and detailed mathematical calculation regarding the number of operation-places (Udaya-sthana) of passions with spatial units (Ibids;, pp. 170-171) and the number of persons affected by kaşayas (Ibid., pp. 173-174). For example, anger (krodha) is deep like a furrow in stone, or in a earth, or mild like a line in dust or water contributing to hellish, sub-human, human and celestial existence [Nemicandra, Gommaṭasara (Jiva-kanda), 284]; pride (māna) is unbending like a mountain, bone, wood and cane (Ibid., 285); deceit (maya) is crooked like the bamboo-root, ram-horn, stream of cow, hoof-mark; greed (lobha) is fast like crimsoncolour, wheel-dirt, body-dirt, turmeric colour. (Ibid., 287). All of
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