ISJS Jainism Study Notes E5 Vol 02

Author(s): International School for Jain Studies
Publisher: International School for Jain Studies

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Vartanäpariņāmakriyah Paratväparatve ca kalasya, Tattvärtha-sutra, V.22 17 So(a)nantasamayaḥ, Tattvärtha-sūtra, V.40
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STUDY NOTES version 5.0
kāla as substance but because of its usefulness, sometimes they do accept kāla as substance also. Primary attributes of time16 are assisting substances in their continuous transformation; modifications, in their priority and non-priority in time etc. From practical viewpoint time is expressed in terms of year, month, day, hour ad minute etc. Smallest unit of time is called samaya (infinitely small part of time). Time is said to consist of infinite timeinstants17
तप
2.3 Classifications of dravya
Substances can be classified or grouped in two classes based on their similar attributes. The most prominent classification is as sentient (jīva) and insentient (ajiva). Similarly substances are classified as concrete and non-concrete or active (sakriya) and passive (nişkriya) or selfsame (svadravya) and non-self-same (paradravya) as below.
IN STUDIES
1. Concrete and non concrete: Only matter is concrete.
2. Active and passive: Only jīva and matter are active.
3. Self-same and non-self-same: This classification is seen in spiritual texts only where the soul/ ātmā is svadravya and all other living beings and other substance types are paradraya. This classification is essential to understand and contemplate on the self for spiritual purification.
4. Astikaya (have many space points or extension) and Anastikaya (one space point only or non extendable): Except time, all other substance types are with many space points and hence are classified as astikāya while time is with one space point only and not an astikāya. Kāla is also called as without any space point. Thus, except time, all other substance types are clubbed together and called pamcastikāya or the five substance classes with extension or have bodies. A Kundakunda's famous text Pamcastikāya describes these five substances only.
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