ISJS Jainism Study Notes E5 Vol 02

Author(s): International School for Jain Studies
Publisher: International School for Jain Studies

Page 159

The nature of these bonds has been discussed earlier in section 2.0. The spiritual stages of purification, the different species of karma and their cause and effect are detailed in Dhavala and other karma texts.
3.1.3 The Causes of Bonding The penetration of matter particle into the soul and its transformation into karma proceeds through the activity (yoga) of the jīva. The species of the karma into which the matter can be transformed is, in addition to yoga, conditional upon three other causes of which each as long as it operates, affords the bandha of a certain number of karma-prakrtis. The four causes of bondage are:
Mithyātva
Wrong belief. (5)
Avirati
Lack of self-discipline or lack of interest in observance of the vows. (12)
Kaşāyas
Passions. (25)
Yoga
Activities. (15)
Each of these chief causes is subdivided into a number of subdivisions, the secondary causes as shown in () against each. Each chief cause results in binding certain types of karma species. For example hostility against knowledge and undifferentiated cognition (i.e. samyag-jñāna and darśana); those who know and the means of cognition; disregard of the doctrine and it commandments; lack of respect/ dedication towards teachers and masters and destruction of books are the causes of bondage of knowledge obscuring (inānāvarana) and undifferentiated cognition (darśanāvarana) prakrtis.
3.2 Stoppage of Bonding or Saṁvara Two processes are required for de-bonding namely: no bonding of new karmas (sarvara) and dissociation of accumulated karmas (nirjarā). In fact, Kundakunda states stoppage is instrumental in dissociation. Bonding is due to passion. Hence, activities or observances without passions are required. As stoppage leads to flushing, the factors for it are also the factors for dissociation. Various texts have mentioned observances for being without passion. Here we shall refer to Tattvārtha-sūtra.
Obstructing of influx i.e. flow of matter particles towards the soul is stoppage (samvara). It is of two types namely: psychic andphysical (dravya). The cessation of activities that lead to
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STUDY NOTES version 5.0