ISJS Jainism Study Notes E5 Vol 02

Author(s): International School for Jain Studies
Publisher: International School for Jain Studies

Page 390

INTERNATION
SCHOOL
OF
3 Davvam sallakkhanayam uppadavvayadhuvattasanjuttam/ Guṇapajjayasayam va jam tam bhanamti savvaṇhull Pañcāstikāya 1/10
Jīvo tti havadi ceda uvaogvisesido pahu kattāl
Bhotta ya deha matto na hi mutto kammsainjuttoll Pancästikāya 1/24 Khandha ya khandhadesā khandhapadesa ya honti parmāņū/ Edi te caduvviyappa puggalakāyā muṇeyavväll Pancastikāya, 1/74
CXI
STUDY NOTES version 5.0
SELF STUDY IS THE
SUPREME AUSTERITY
स्वाध्याय परम तप
Substance exists with the qualities and modes. Without it there is no existence of the substance. Pancastikāya explaining the characteristics of dravya says, "whatever has substantiality, has the dialectical triad of birth, death and permanence, and is the substratum of qualities and modes is dravya. So say the all knowing omniscient.3
IN STUDIES
Explanation of Jivāstikāya
Acārya Kundakunda gave very long explanations about Jīvāstikāya these are in about 46 gāthās- from gāthā No. 27 to 73. The attributes of jiva (soul) are- it has life, consciousness, manifestation/upayoga (knowledge and perception), is potent, performs action, and is affected by their results, is conditioned by his body, is incorporeal and ordinarily found with karma. Kundakunda discussed many subjects which are directly related to jīva e.g. state of pure soul; knowledge of soul; size of soul; relation between karma and soul; actions of soul, modes of the soul etc.
Concept of matter - Theory of Atom:
Theory of smallest indivisible part of matter called paramāņu is detailed in great depth in Pańcastikāya. We can compare his description paramāņu with modern science's atom and its further sub-divisions. Kundakunda mentions four different kinds of material objects. 5
These are the four basic modifications out of which the multifarious modes of matter are formed. Be it understood that matter exists in four main modes: skandhas, skandhadeśas; skandha-pradeśas and primary atoms. Here skandhās are the aggregates of atoms. This class refers to complete molecular constitution. Skandhadeśa is said to be incomplete. But still it is an aggregate and so is skhandhapradeśa. These three are the differences in molecular constitution. The last class refers smallest unit of matter called paramāņu or the indivisible part of atom that is the constituting the other three classes. And this is explained deeply in next sixteen gāthās.
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