Book Title: ISJS Jainism Study Notes E5 Vol 02
Author(s): International School for Jain Studies
Publisher: International School for Jain Studies
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In Jaina philosophy the relation of Jiva, that is soul and substance has been elaborately discussed. Whereas, in Vaiseșika philosophy, individual paramāņu is classified in four types only, viz. earthly, aquatic, irradiating, and aerial.
The difference in classification has given rise to atomic theory which is unique to the Jaina school of thought
4.3 Functions There are numerous functions of pudgalas. Some are beneficial to Jiva's body, speech, mind, or internal organ, breathing as these are functions of pudgala. Distress, pain, death - these too are due to pudgala which are harmful to Jīva.
All the five bodies, namely audārika etc are made up pudgala, karmic body is suprasensuous, it yields fruits like pleasure and pain etc. when conjoined with another concrete substance of the type of audārika etc. (five bodies).
The activities of speech and manas (mind) are also operated by pudgala. Jainas have put forward the karma theory in which they explain that due to manifestation of some type of karma, the activities of the body take place. Bhāṣā, manas, prāņa, these are all found to suffer obstruction and suppression through the instrumentality of pudgala.
4.4 The Definition of Pudgala on the basis of its function Body, speech, manas - or internal organ, in-breath and out-breathe - these are benefits due to pudgala, that is, these are functions of pudgala.
Of the numerous functions of pudgala some are enumerated here which prove beneficial or harmful to the Jīvas. All the bodies of the types audārika etc. are certainly paudgalika that is, are certainly made up of pudgala. And though the karmic body is supra-sensuous it yields fruits like pleasure, pain etc when conjoined with another murta substance of the type audārika etc.- just as paddy seeds yield fruit when conjoined with water etc; hence it too should be considered to be paudgalika.
Of the two types of bhāsā or speech that of the type is a specific capacity which is acquired as a result of the particular type of the karmas, since it is dependent on pudgala, is paudgalika. And the aggregates belonging to the material grouping of the form of speech
STUDY NOTES version 5.0
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